scholarly journals The Peaceful Road to Europe: Migration and the Setting of the Regular Long-Distance Coach Lines in the South-Western European Corridor (1960s-1990s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Paulo Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Personal Trust ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Urban Contexts

The establishment of the regular long-distance coach lines across Europe, boosted by migration flows, is the object of this historical study focused on the Portuguese experience. The article considers four dimensions: the establishment of the regular long-distance international coach lines through the coordination of the transport modes; the legal setting and the multi-national administration; the migrants coach travel experience and, finally, the evolutionary trends of this service. The narrative was mostly based on the Portuguese transport administration archives and specialized technical literature. From rural to urban contexts, from advanced to less advanced societies in Europe, we describe the process of common societal changes induced by the European experience. This explores the construction of Europe as a collective, historical and everyday experience, and analyses the ways common institutions, personal trust, and even friendship across governments, officials, and individuals were built anticipating the formal political process of creation of the European Community.

scholarly journals Common concern for the global ecological commons: solidarity with future generations?

2021 ◽  
pp. 004711782110362
Author(s):  
Marianne Takle
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Collective Orientation ◽  
Scholarly Contribution ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Normative Content

This article elaborates on ideas concerning future generations and whether they are useful in understanding some aspects of the concern for the global ecological commons. The article’s main scholarly contribution is to develop analytical tools for examining what a concern for future generations would require of current generations. It combines the scholarly literature on future generations with that of solidarity. The ideas concerning future generations are interpreted in terms of an ideal typical concept of solidarity with future generations. This concept is divided into four dimensions: the foundation of solidarity, the objective of solidarity, the boundaries of solidarity and the collective orientation. By applying these four dimensions in the context of the political process leading to Agenda 2030, the potentials and limitations of the concept are evident. The article concludes that the absence of reciprocity between current and future generations and uncertainty about the future are both crucial issues, which cut across the four dimensions. We cannot expect anything from people who have not yet been born, and we do not know what preferences they will have. This shows the vulnerability of forward-looking appeals to solidarity with future generations. Nevertheless, such appeals to solidarity may give global political processes a normative content and direction and can thereby contribute to understanding common concerns for the global ecological commons.

scholarly journals Unpacking Scientific Competence for Effective Integration in the Curriculum Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Napal Fraile ◽  
Ana María Mendióroz Lacambra ◽  
Alicia Peñalva Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Multimedia Resources ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Scientific Competence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Integration ◽  
Specific Definition ◽  
Selection Of

Educating for Sustainability involves promoting sustainable competences in students. Not in vain, wider societal changes that ensure a balance between economic growth, respect for the environment and social justice must start with individual actions, implying knowledge, capacity and willingness to act. However, and although there is wide consensus that education should promote the development of competences for life, putting this theoretical tenet into may entail more problems. Competence is most often expressed in general terms without a specific definition of the intervening elements (knowledge, skills, values, attitudes), which may collide with the necessity of teachers – as learning planners - concrete entities on which to base their process of design. So that, in this work we propose a series of indicators that serve to characterize the four dimensions of scientific competence – contents of science, contents about science, value of science and utility of science-. Although they are primarily intended to be used to filter multimedia resources in an educational platform, this proposal of indicators can be extrapolated to the management and selection of a variety of resources and activities, and for sharing the objectives and evidences for the acquisition of competencies.

Website Functionality of Convention and Exhibition Centres: Important Performance Dimensions and Attributes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuchang Tan ◽  
Rob Law
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Website Evaluation ◽  
Distance Information ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Performance Dimensions ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

A convention and exhibition centre (CEC) offers spaces and services for various events. An effective website is important for a CEC because event site selection involves extensive long-distance information searching and communication. However, despite ample website evaluation studies conducted in the tourism and hospitality field, very few studies can adequately reflect the business environment of the CECs and the decision process of selecting a CEC. This study builds on the existing models for hotel website performance and identifies the important dimensions and attributes of a CEC website through a focus group discussion with multiple stakeholders on the selection of event venues. A framework with four dimensions and forty-one attributes is developed. The results show that CECs websites should focus on Venue Facilities and Services (VFS), Contact Information (CI), Website Management (WM) and Destination Information (DI). Functions related to reservation and payment, which are very important for hotels, are found not value-added for CECs. The study expected to expand the literature on website evaluations and e-marketing. Managerial insights are also provided to CEC operators and other related industry practitioners.

A Community That Can Communicate? The Linguistic Factor in European Integration

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 79-103
Author(s):  
Sue Wright
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
State Governments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Political Ambition ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Political Associations

Language is an important but often neglected aspect of the political process, this chapter gives a brief overview of the main phases of the past thousand years of European history in terms of language choice and shift, showing how communities of communication developed in tandem with political power centres. This history reveals that all political associations develop the communication solutions which promote and serve their political ambition and that new ways of organising society are accompanied by new language practices. In this context it is unlikely that the European Union will prove an exception. Europeanisation is not happening within a vacuum. Political power is also leaking away from state governments to relocate at global and regional level. The growing use of English as a global lingua franca and the renaissance of languages eclipsed in the period of nation building are further factors that affect the community of communication which is developing in Europe. Since the European project is developing in tandem with these other societal changes, the communication solutions it provokes will not be simple cause and effect relationships. Nonetheless, we can be sure that, if European integration progresses, new language practices will evolve to facilitate the circulation of information and ideas, the construction of democratic governance and individual access to centres of power. If they do not, then European integration will find itself halted at the level of a common market and a technocratic bureaucracy.

LONG DISTANCE DYNAMICS AND CONFINEMENT VIA RG DECIMATIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 2717-2730 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. TOMBOULIS
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Lattice Regularization

We review a recently developed framework employing computable Renormalization Group (RG) decimations for gauge theories in the lattice regularization. They provide upper and lower bounds at every scale for free energies and some order parameters. By interpolating between these bounds representations of the exact quantities are obtained at progressively longer scales (coarser lattices). In the case of the SU(2) gauge theory in four dimensions RG flow to the confining strongly coupled regime is obtained for any initial coupling; whereas for the U(1) theory a fixed point is reached for small initial coupling.

Michael P. Hanagan, Leslie Page Moch, Wayne te Brake, eds., Challenging Authority: The Historical Study of Contentious Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998. vii + 284 pp. $54.95 cloth; $21.95 paper.

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
Ron Krabill
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
The Past ◽  
Charles Tilly ◽  
Daunting Task

To create a festschrift in honor of a scholar as important as Charles Tilly is a daunting task. To their credit, the editors and authors of Challenging Authority successfully provide a thoughtful and particularly readable glimpse into both the past and the future of the study of contentious politics, a field in which Tilly's contributions have been undeniably crucial. From more traditional interpretations of Tilly's work to innovations in chapters by Kim Voss and Marc W. Steinberg, this volume displays the wide array of applications and insights provided by the political process model for studying collective action, whether in medieval Spain or 1989 China. However, the volume moves only in fits and starts toward the new “relational structuralism” (xix) that the editors herald as coalescing around the study of collective action.

scholarly journals The Crisis of Democratic Governance in Contemporary Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Auradian Marta ◽  
Utang Suwaryo ◽  
Affan Sulaeman ◽  
Leo Agustino
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Elections

This article attempts to discuss the practice of democratic governance in contemporary Indonesia. This study is essential since Indonesia is one of the countries transitioning from authoritarianism towards democracy following the fall of Suharto’s regime. This study shall answer whether democratic governance in Indonesia experiences a crisis, with a focus of analysis on the four dimensions of democratic governance, namely: (1) rule of law, (2) human rights, (3) civil society, and (4) elections and political process. This study applies a qualitative method by collecting data from document studies and literary studies. The findings in this study indicate that democratic governance in Indonesia experiences a crisis as evidenced by the remaining-weak legal supremacy in Indonesia, and the existence of violations of the implementation of human rights, eventually led to horizontal conflicts. The inability of civil society organizations to carry out their functions in democratization as an intermediary between the community and the state as well as to influence government policies for the public interest. Another recent weakness is there are still strong issues related to primordialism in the occasion of General Elections. This crisis of democratic governance shall bring Indonesia to "the decline of democracy" instead of democratic consolidation.

scholarly journals Sustainability Teaching Tools in the Digital Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3366 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Napal ◽  
Ana María Mendióroz-Lacambra ◽  
Alicia Peñalva
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Multimedia Resources ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Learning Scenarios ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Scientific Competence ◽  
Definition Of

The increasing presence and relevance of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in learning scenarios has imposed new demands on teachers, who must be able to design new learning situations while relying on the growing supply of available digital resources. One of the fields that more urgently needs to utilize the potential benefits of ICT to transform learning is sustainability, and more precisely the development of sustainability competences (SCs). Indeed, wider societal changes are needed that ensure a balance between economic growth, respect for the environment, and social justice, and these changes must start with individual action, knowledge, and the capacity and willingness to act (i.e., the definition of “competence”). However, although there is a wide consensus on the fact that education should ensure the acquisition of competences for life, making this a reality may be more problematic. This difficulty stems, partly, from a lack of a definition of the intervening elements (knowledge, skills, values, attitudes) that enables the integration of competences into specific learning sequences and activities. Taking into account all the above and the difficulties that teachers face in choosing relevant resources and incorporating competences into their planning, we propose a series of indicators that serve to characterize the four dimensions of scientific competence: contents of science, contents about science, the value of science, and the utility of science in educational materials. Although primarily intended for filtering multimedia resources in an educational platform, this instrument (as well as the indicators therein) can be extrapolated to the selection and management of a variety of resources and activities, eventually selecting those that are more useful for the acquisition of the scientific competence. They can also provide learning-managers with a common ground to work on by sharing the objectives and indicators related to the acquisition of competences.

ISOTOPIC ANALYSES REVEAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC PATTERNS IN HISTORICAL DOMESTIC ANIMAL TRADE BETWEEN PREDOMINANTLY WHEAT- AND MAIZE-GROWING AGRICULTURAL REGIONS IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Guiry ◽  
Paul Szpak ◽  
Michael P. Richards
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Urban Contexts

Historical zooarchaeologists have made significant contributions to key questions about the social, economic, and nutritional dimensions of domestic animal use in North American colonial contexts; however, techniques commonly employed in faunal analyses do not offer a means of assessing many important aspects of how animals were husbanded and traded. We apply isotopic analyses to faunal remains from archaeological sites to assess the social and economic importance of meat trade and consumption of local and foreign animal products in northeastern North America. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of 310 cattle and pigs from 18 rural and urban archaeological sites in Upper Canada (present-day southern Ontario, Canada; ca. A.D. 1790–1890) are compared with livestock from contemporary American sources to quantify the importance of meat from different origins at rural and higher- and lower-status urban contexts. Results show significant differences between urban and rural households in the consumption of local animals and meat products acquired through long-distance trade. A striking pattern in urban contexts provides new evidence for the social significance of meat origins in historical Upper Canada and highlights the potential for isotopic approaches to reveal otherwise-hidden evidence for social and economic roles of animals in North American archaeology.

scholarly journals Combining Epistemology & Scope in Public Organization and Administration Study: Toward Defining a Methodological Paradigm

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Mee-Sung Ha
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Organization ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Dimension 2 ◽  
Process Dimension ◽  
Positivist Approach ◽  
Social Science Approach

This article attempts to define a methodological paradigm for public administration study by combining epistemology in social sciences and the scope of public administration. The paper first examines the positivist social science approach, which has been a central methodology in the effort to make the study of P.A scientific and objective. It then probes and criticizes the limitation of the positive science manifested in the study of P.A and suggests ways to construct a synthesized mode of inquiry incorporating useful epistemologies beyond positivism into P.A study. While evaluating the positivist approach, examining additional research modes, and suggesting a broader scope of P.A research, this paper consistently joins the paradigmatic dimensions and contexts of P.A to the modes of research. Here, it is suggested that an epistemology should fit the substantive core of a field as it tends to shape or define conceptually the essence and scope of the field. In this article, the scope of P.A is defined by four dimensions: (1) selves and values dimension, (2) political process dimension, (3) programs and administrative/organizational systems dimension, and (4) operations dimension. It appeared that, while the positivist approach tends to fit better the third and fourth dimensions, the interpretive approach is more appropriate for the first and second dimensions. On the other hand, the critical approach may deal with relations between the first dimension and the other dimensions more effectively.

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