Analyse discriminante et vocabulaire politique : Essai méthodologique

Res Publica ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chapelle ◽  
Pierre Couvreur ◽  
Giuseppe Pagano
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Ideological Differences ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Political Speeches ◽  
Lexical Items

This paper aims at testing the hypothesis of growing ideological uniformity of political speeches. If political speeches lack ideological differences, it should be difficult to re-classify them only by analyzing the presence or absence of lexical items. We first worked out a method to classify political speeches and then carried a test on two speeches by leading Belgian French-speaking politicians.  The method is based on discriminant analysis. It utilizes the words most encountered in one speech and not in the other as discriminant factors. Statistical softwares then assess a discriminant function used to re-classify short parts of each speech called blocks. The most discriminating 10 factors re-classify correctly 89% of the blocks. The percentage increases to 93% with 20 factors and to 98% with 30 factors.However the results should be taken with caution because of the limited sample, the test tends to question the growing uniformity of political speeches. The sampled ones had enough specific features for allowing a rather simpte method to re-classify most parts of them correctly, even if some typically ideological items are not to be found.

The influence of wing morphology and echolocation on the gleaning ability of the insectivorous bat Myotis tricolor

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1854-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Stoffberg ◽  
David S Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Narrow Bandwidth ◽  
Mole Crickets ◽  
Wing Tips ◽  
Wing Tip

On the basis of its external morphology, Myotis tricolor (Temminck, 1832) should be able to both aerial-feed and glean. Furthermore, this bat is known to use broadband calls of short duration, reinforcing the prediction that it gleans. However, results from this study indicate that M. tricolor does not commonly glean. This conclusion was reached after studying the foraging behaviour of M. tricolor in a flight room. We presented M. tricolor with mealworms, moths, mole crickets, beetles, and cicadas in a variety of ways that required either gleaning and (or) aerial feeding. Although M. tricolor readily took tethered prey, it did not take any of the variety of insects presented to it in a manner that required gleaning. We therefore compared its wing morphology and echolocation calls with those of several known gleaners, Nycteris thebaica E. Geoffroy, 1818, Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831), and Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897), and an aerial forager, Neoromicia capensis (A. Smith, 1829). In a discriminant analysis wing-tip shape was the only variable to provide some degree of discrimination between species, with M. tricolor having more pointed wing tips than the known gleaners. Discriminant analysis of echolocation-call parameters grouped M. tricolor with the other Myotis species and separated it from N. capensis and N. thebaica. However, M. tricolor did not use harmonics as did the other Myotis species. The apparent failure of M. tricolor to glean might therefore be due to its relatively pointed wings and narrow-bandwidth echolocation calls, owing to the absence of harmonics in its calls.

De gemeenteraadsverkiezingen van 9 oktober 1988 : Analyse van de resultaten

Res Publica ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-384
Author(s):  
Johan Ackaert
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Socialist Party ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The City ◽  
Walloon Region

In the Flemish region the greatest losers are the Flemish nationalists VU and the Socialist Party, followed by de christian-democrats of the CVP. The liberal party PVV, the ecologist AGALEV and the extreme right-wing Vlaams Blok (particularly in the city ofAntwerp) are the winners. The results of the Walloon region show a gain for the socialists (PS), christian-democrats (PSC) and the ecologists (ECOLO) and a sligtly liberal (PRL) recede. The high number of winners is caused by the disapearrance of the socialist-Walloon nationalist alliances and the anti-tax party UDR T. Another important factor is the fall in of the walloon nationalist party RW.The elections in the Brussels region are characterized by the further set-back of the once so strong French-speaking party FDF. The three traditional political families and the ecologists benefit by this decline.In Flanders the christian-democrats and the socialists profit by their participation in the boards of mayor and aldermen (the local majorities), in the Walloons the socialists. The data concerning the profits by this participations show no evidence for the other parties.

scholarly journals Application of multivariate techniques in the evaluation of pure lines of beans

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Schmit ◽  
Rita Carolina de Melo ◽  
Thayse Cristine Vieira Pereira ◽  
Mattheus Beck ◽  
Altamir Frederico Guidolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pure Lines

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to apply multivariate techniques, canonical discriminant analysis, and multivariate contrasts, indicating the most favorable inferences in the evaluation of pure lines of beans. The study was conducted at the experimental field of the Institute for Breeding and Molecular Genetics, in Lages, SC, Brazil. The experiment was composed of 24 pure lines of beans from the Santa Catarina test of cultivars. Plant height, numbers of pods and grains per plant, and stem diameter were the variables measured. The complete randomized block design was used with four replications. The data were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance, canonical discriminant analysis, multivariate contrasts and univariate contrasts. The first canonical discriminant function has captured 81% of the total variation in the data. The Scott-Knott test showed two groups of inbred lines at the average -of scores of the first canonical discriminant function. It was considered that testing hypotheses with the canonical scores may result in loss of information obtained from the original data. Multivariate contrasts indicated differences within the group formed by the Scott-Knott test. The canonical discriminant analysis and multivariate contrasts are excellent techniques to be combined in the multivariate assessment, being used to explore and test hypotheses, respectively.

The Image of Jews as Constructed by Lexical Items

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Xiu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western World ◽  
Merchant Of Venice ◽  
The Merchant Of Venice ◽  
The Face ◽  
Original Figure ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Target Culture ◽  
Social Backgrounds

In the Western world, Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is controversial due to its stereotypical description of Jews as evil and greedy. In China, the work was not widely known until its translations came out. This article deals with two Chinese renderings of Shakespeare’s classic, by Laura White (1914–1915) and Shiqiu Liang (2001/1936) respectively, which reconstruct the image of Shylock and Jews on the basis of the translators’ perceptions of the original figure, combining their identities and social backgrounds. In imagology, based on the ideas of Pageaux (1989/1994), the image of the ‘other’ can be analysed on three levels: lexical items, larger textual units, and plot. On the face of it, the image of the ‘other’ in translation can originate in either the source or target culture. However, the present article, which focuses on the lexical level, shows that there is a third possibility – a lexicon that blends two or more cultures.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF INDONESIAN LOANWORDS FROM FRENCH

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Tri Indri Hardini ◽  
Philippe Grangé
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Old French ◽  
The Other ◽  
French Language ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Dutch Language ◽  
Faux Amis

When two languages come into contact, they exert a reciprocal influence, often unbalanced. A phenomenon that often occurs in case of language contact is the absorption or borrowing of lexical elements, which will enrich the vocabulary of the receiving language. In this article, we deal with words adopted from French in Indonesian and vice-versa. This research shows that most of the words of French origin in Indonesian/Malay language were borrowed through Dutch. Historical background explains why there are no direct loanwords from French language in Indonesian. Nowadays, a second batch of words originating from Old French finds their way into Indonesian through English. On the other hand, very few words from Malay-Indonesian origin were borrowed in French, and their route was not straight either: they were conveyed through Portuguese or Dutch. Phonological adaptation and shift of meaning may have happen when the words were loaned from French to Dutch language or later, when adapted from Dutch into Indonesian language. The data analysed in this article may help teachers of French as a Foreign Language in Indonesia, as well as teachers of Indonesian as a Foreign Language in French-speaking countries, to predict which words will be immediately recognized by their students, and when they should pay extra-attention to faux-amis (cognates whose meanings differ).

scholarly journals Family companies and the costs of governance mechanisms: A discriminant analysis for a sample of Algerian companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Mohamed Cherif BENZOUAI
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Agency Problem ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽  
The Family

This paper aims at shedding light on the importance of corporate governance mechanisms costs when considering the decision of adoption of those mechanisms by companies, by relying on the discriminant analysis of a sample of 112 Algerian unlisted companies. The special nature of the agency problem in family companies allows it to adopt a different and lower cost governance structure than other companies. The study found that the variables that reflect corporate governance mechanisms have a significant effect in the discriminant function between the family companies and the rest of the companies.

Les élections législatives du 13 décembre 1987 : Analyse des résultats

Res Publica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
William Fraeys
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Great Stability ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Universal Suffrage ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Economic Background ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Face ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The One

Organized only two years after the previous genera! elections, the 1987 poll, characterized by a great stability of the electorale, wilt probably have a deep political impact on the country's future.If the rate of external mobility suitably gauges the extent of the citizens' shifts in votes, the 1987 elections will have ranged among the four most stable general elections out of the twenty-two that have taken place since universal suffrage has been introduced. And yet, because of the decline of the outgoing coalition, on the one hand, which is mainly due to the loss suffered by the CVP, and because of the change of majority within the Walloon Regional Council and the French-speaking Community Council, on the other, the political situation appears very different after the 13th December 1987 elections. The observer can only be struck by the asymmetrical behaviour of the voters in the northern and southern parts of the country. In Flanders, the main party is on the decline white all other parties are winning votes.However, everything seems to show that the motivation of the voters who did not vote twice for the same party in 1985 and 1987, but who, as we said, are not very numerous, was an economic and social motivationrather than a language or community-related one. The gains of Agalev, the PVV and the SP in the face of the Volksunie's status quo cannot be explained otherwise. The gains of the Vlaams Blok, notably in Antwerp, are probably due to social (attitude towards immigrants) rather than community-linked motivations too. In the W alloon Region, on the contrary, the main party is registering an obvious gain, white the other parties are declining or stagnating. In this case, the motivations seem to be numerous : they have a social and economic background on the part of voters who trusted the main opposition party, but they are also community linked and inspired by considerations that have to do with the relationships between the Walloon and Flemish people in the Belgian State under transformation.The political prospects then appear uncertain. This is even more true that two other elections are to take place in the next eighteen months.These concern the opposite levels of the elected Assemblies: the municipal Council and the European Parliament.

Life-Style Distinction Between Customers and Non-Customers of Sikkim Cymbidium

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeya Jha ◽  
Bibeth Sharma ◽  
Jitendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Strategy Formulation ◽  
Important Input

For marketers, it is a vital to be able to differentiate customers from non-customers for their product. Sikkim a tiny Himalayan state in India is the home of globally known cymbidium orchids. It has been identified as a product that can boost local economy. In order to achieve this, it is important to formulate marketing strategies. One important input in strategy formulation is to prepare a customer profile. This is based on demographic, geographic and psychographic factors. This paper develops a customer profile purely on identified Activities, Interest and Opinions (AIO). Methodology involves collecting data from buyers and non-buyers of Cymbidium orchids about their life-style. Statements were framed on Likert scale (1-5). In all five variables have been tested. Final analysis is based on discriminant analysis. Results indicate a weak discriminant function but 90% respondents are correctly identified as buyers and non-buyers.

The contribution of skills in the interpretation of a volleyball set result with minimum score difference across genders

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-551
Author(s):  
Sotirios Drikos ◽  
Konstantinos Sotiropoulos ◽  
Karolina Barzouka ◽  
Yannis Angelonidis
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Score Difference ◽  
Minimum Score ◽  
Women's Volleyball

The aim of the present study was to identify volleyball skills that best discriminate between winning and losing in a set with the minimum score difference of men’s and women’s volleyball. The data have been collected for men from 140 and for women from 98 teams’ performances in all sets finished with 2 points difference between the top four teams in the final ranking during the men’s and women’s Greek Volleyball League for five seasons (2013–2014 until 2017–2018). The primary recorded and evaluated skills from 119 sets for men and women respectively are: 3422 and 2419 serves, 2916 and 2120 passes, 2566 and 1656 attacks after serve’s pass, 1518 and 1804 counter-attacks (after defense) and 1595 and 818 blocks. For the evaluation scale of each skill, a six-level ordinal scale was employed, with the value of “one” indicating a poorly executed skill and the value of “six” an excellent executed skill. The analysis revealed significant multivariate differences in gender and in the type of result and not in their interaction. A follow-up discriminant analysis showed that attack 1 is the most important performance indicator for male teams. Meanwhile, for female teams, the most important performance indicators are winning attack after serve’s pass but also counter-attack. The discriminant function classified correctly 67% and 58%, for men and women respectively, allowing space for further improving the critical performance indicators for both genders.

What is a verb?

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Eva Smolka ◽  
Dorit Ravid
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Thematic Roles ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
The One ◽  
Current Special Issue ◽  
Structure And Functions

Abstract Verbs constitute one of the basic building blocks of a clause, setting the structure of arguments and expressing the relationships among nouns in various thematic roles. In general terms, verbs are lexical items expressing verb-oriented notions such as activities, processes, and states. In morphology-rich languages, the syntactic and lexical roles of verbs are mediated by typologically-oriented morphological means. The current Special Issue contrasts the structure and functions of verbs in languages from two morphologically rich, yet typologically different families. The articles in the Special Issue present spoken and written aspects of verbs in usage and development in German (a Germanic language) on the one hand, in Hebrew, Neo-Aramaic, and Arabic (Semitic languages), on the other. From a theoretical linguistic perspective, we ask how the different typological features of these languages affect the function of verbs in sentences, and from a psycholinguistic perspective, we ask how typological differences affect the processing of verbs in the mature minds of adults and in the developing minds of children.

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