Síndrome metabólica e infertilidade masculina/Metabolic syndrome and male infertility

Síndrome metabólica (SM) é o nome dado ao conjunto de doenças de origem metabólica, que diretamente aumenta o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e ou diabetes tipo 2. A definição mais aceita para SM inclui o sujeito com a presença de três ou mais dos seguintes critérios: 1) obesidade abdominal (circunferência abdominal ≥ 102 com para homens e ≥ 88 cm para mulheres); 2) triglicérides ≥ 150 mg/dL; 3) HDL-colesterol baixo (< 40 mg/dL para homens e < 50 para mulheres; 4) pressão arterial elevada (> 130/85 mmHg e 5) glicemia de jejum elevada (>110 mg/dL). Dentre os numerosos efeitos deletérios da SM, a infertilidade masculina pode representar uma condição patológica significativa, decorrente de alterações metabólicas ocasionadas por esta síndrome. As evidências apontam principalmente para alterações hormonais que resultam em hipogonadismo, que pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento e maturação do espermatozoide. Além disso, os vários componentes da SM podem ocasionar a instalação de um estado de estresse oxidativo, que é prejudicial ao espermatozoide. A investigação inicial da infertilidade masculina consiste de um exame clínico, avaliação hormonal (e.g., dosagem de testosterona, hormônio luteinizante e folículo estimulante) e análise do sêmen (espermograma). O espermograma é o principal e mais importante teste a ser solicitado quando a investigação da infertilidade masculina está sendo realizada. Entretanto, novas estratégias diagnósticas, tais como, quantificação dos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e capacidade antioxidante do sêmen podem ser ferramentas úteis no diagnóstico da infertilidade masculina. Palavras chave: obesidade, espermograma, diabetes, radicais livres, estresse oxidativo. Metabolic syndrome (MS) includes a group of metabolic diseases who are directly linked to increased risk of to develop cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes. The most accepted definition for MS includes patients with three or more of the following criteria: 1) abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 in men and ≥88 cm for women), 2) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; 3) low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL for men and <50 for women, 4) high blood pressure (>130/85 mmHg and 5) high fasting glucose (>110 mg/dL). Among the deleterious effects of MS, male infertility may represent a pathological condition due to significant metabolic alterations caused by this syndrome. The evidences point out to hormonal changes that result in hypogonadism that can promote detrimental changes in development and maturation of sperm. Moreover, the various components of MS cause an oxidative stress status that is deleterious to sperm morphology and motility. The investigation of male infertility consists of the clinical examination, hormonal evaluation (quantification of plasma testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone) and semen analysis (sperm count). Semen analysis is the main and most important test to be requested when the investigation of male infertility is conducted. However, new diagnostic strategies such as the quantification of oxidative stress parameters and semen antioxidant capacity can be useful tools in the male infertility diagnosis.

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The Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) Inhibitor Ezetimibe Improves Metabolic Disease Via Decreased Liver X Receptor (LXR) Activity in Liver of Obese Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2013-2143 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (8) ◽

pp. 2810-2819 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Taichi Sugizaki ◽

Mitsuhiro Watanabe ◽

Yasushi Horai ◽

Nao Kaneko-Iwasaki ◽

Eri Arita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Liver X Receptor ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

Dyslipidemic patients with diabetes mellitus, including metabolic syndrome, are at increased risk of coronary heart disease. It has been reported that ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, improves metabolic diseases in mice and humans. However, the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Here we explored the effects of ezetimibe on lipid and glucose homeostasis. Male KK-Ay mice were fed a high-fat diet, which is the mouse model of metabolic syndrome, with or without ezetimibe for 14 weeks. Ezetimibe improved dyslipidemia, steatosis, and insulin resistance. Ezetimibe decreased hepatic oxysterols, which are endogenous agonists of liver X receptor (LXR), to decrease hepatic lipogenic gene expressions, especially in stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), leading to a remarkable reduction of hepatic oleate content that would contribute to the improvement of steatosis by reducing triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Simultaneously, hepatic β-oxidation, NADPH oxidase and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) were reduced, and thus reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines were also decreased. Consistent with these changes, ezetimibe diminished c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and improved insulin signaling in the liver. In vitro study using primary hepatocytes obtained from male SD rats, treated with oleate and LXR agonist, showed excess lipid accumulation, increased oxidative stress and impaired insulin signaling. Therefore, in obese subjects, ezetimibe reduces hepatic LXR activity by reducing hepatic oxysterols to lower hepatic oleate content. This improves steatosis and reduces oxidative stress, and this reduction improves insulin signaling in the liver. These results provide insight into pathogenesis and strategies for treatment of the metabolic syndrome.

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P–114 Correlation of GSTM1 polymorphism and oxidative stress with male infertility

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

D Mavrogianni ◽

A Voitse ◽

L Evgeni ◽

S Stavros ◽

P Drakakis

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Male Infertility ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Sperm Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Genetic Profile ◽

Oxidative Potential ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Gstm1 Polymorphism

Abstract Study question Is GSTM1 polymorphism a putative biomarker of male infertility. Is there a possible correlation between GSTM1 presence, oxidative stress and male infertility? Summary answer A possible correlation may be established between GSTM1 polymorphism, and sperm mobility and morphology. Additionally oxidative potential may also be associated with fertility. What is known already Approximately 7% of men worldwide are affected by male infertility, which contributes to 40–50% of all infertility cases. Basic sperm analysis remains the main procedure of diagnosing male infertility, although there is still doubt whether it provides accurate clinical outcomes More accurate tests are essential for the diagnosis of male infertility. Oxidative stress is involved in the etiology of male infertility, with 30% to 80% of infertile men having increased levels of sperm free radicals. Recent research has shown that oxidative stress when combined with GSTM1-null genotype negatively affected the sperm quality of infertility group compared to the control group. Study design, size, duration Ninety semen samples were collected and divided into 2 groups. The study group consisted of sperm samples from 51 men identified as infertile according to WHO guidelines(case group).Sperm samples from 39 men with normal sperm count parameters (control group) were used for the control group. Participants/materials, setting, methods For all samples a sperm diagram was performed. and DNA was extracted. Polymerase chain reaction with specific for GSTM1 gene primers followed by agarose electrophoresis was applied to detect the presence of polymorphism. The MiOXSYS method was used to detect the oxidative potential. Main results and the role of chance This study shows that in the control group the presence of polymorphism was associated with a reduced number of immobile sperm cells (p = 0,035) while it appears to affect the normal morphology of the sperm(p = 0,042). In the infertility group the presence of the gene was significantly correlated with age(p = 0.046). No statistically significant difference was observed for the presence of the polymorphism between the 2 groups.In addition, we investigated the effect of oxidative potential with the MiOXSYS system and its relationship with sperm parameters. It was found that the two groups differed significantly when measuring oxidative potential, and that oxidoreduction potential affects sperm concentration/ml, total sperm count, type B motility and viscosity in the infertile male group. Limitations, reasons for caution A larger sample size could increase the accuracy of the results. Wider implications of the findings: Studying the relation of the oxidative stress with sperm parameters may lead to the establishment of a genetic profile of increased risk of infertility, which would be of major importance especially in cases of idiopathic infertility. Trial registration number Not applicable

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Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 630 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Annalisa Noce ◽

Manuela Di Lauro ◽

Francesca Di Daniele ◽

Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva ◽

Giulia Marrone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Side Effects ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Clinical Management ◽

Endothelial Damage ◽

Low Grade ◽

Clinic Management ◽

Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽

Increased Risk

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation characterized by a plethora of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All MetS comorbidities participate to induce a low-grade inflammation state and oxidative stress, typical of this syndrome. MetS is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death, with an important impact on health-care costs. For its clinic management a poly-pharmaceutical therapy is often required, but this can cause side effects and reduce the patient’s compliance. For this reason, finding a valid and alternative therapeutic strategy, natural and free of side effects, could represent a useful tool in the fight the MetS. In this context, the use of functional foods, and the assumption of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), could exert beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism control, on endothelial damage, on the improvement of lipid profile, on the inflammatory state, and on oxidative stress. This review focuses on the possible beneficial role of NBCs in the prevention and in the clinical management of MetS and its comorbidities.

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Abstract 394: Posttranslational Modification Of Klf5 Mediates Metabolic Dysfunction And Vascular Disease In Metabolic Syndrome

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_63-a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Yumiko Oishi ◽

Ichiro Manabe ◽

Kazuyuki Tobe ◽

Takashi Kadowaki ◽

Ryozo Nagai

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Posttranslational Modifications ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

C2c12 Myotubes ◽

Metabolic Dysfunction ◽

High Fat ◽

Increased Risk

We have previously shown that a zinc finger transcription factor, Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), plays an important role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. KLF5 heterozygous knockout ( KLF5 +/ − ) mice exhibited much less neointima formation, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. We also found that expression of KLF5 correlated with a higher incidence of restenosis following PCI and the SNP located within the KLF5 promoter was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in man. Interestingly, KLF5 is also expressed in metabolic tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreatic β-cells. Thus, we hypothesized that KLF5 might play a role in metabolic diseases. To test this, KLF5 +/ − mice were fed with high-fat diet. Although KLF5 +/ − mice ate more food than wild-type littermates, they were resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and protected from dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis, indicating that KLF5 + /− mice were less susceptible to metabolic syndrome. The systemic O 2 consumption and expression of genes involved in energy expenditure in skeletal muscle were increased in KLF5 + /− mice, demonstrating enhanced energy expenditure, which partly explains the phenotype. Knocking down KLF5 by siRNA increased expression levels of UCP2/3 and CPT-1b in C2C12 myotubes, suggesting that KLF5 may inhibit energy expenditure-related genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that KLF5 interacted with corepressors, such as SMRT and NCoR, and strongly inhibited the UCP and CPT-1b promoters. We found that this inhibitory activity of KLF5 depended on its SUMOylation. When KLF5 was deSUMOylated, it activated the promoters. These data demonstrate that KLF5 acts as a molecular switch for energy expenditure and the posttranslational modifications of KLF5 including SUMOylation turns on/off the switch function of KLF5. Given that KLF5 also controls tissue remodeling in response to external stress, KLF5 may mediate metabolic dysfunction and atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome. Our findings also suggest that the posttranscriptional modification of KLF5 is an attractive novel therapeutic target.

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Postpuberal evaluation of spermiogram and hormonal status in patients operated on for cryptorchidism and testicular ectopia

Urologia Journal ◽

10.1177/039156039205900314 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 67-69

Author(s):

P. Legovini ◽

E. De Menis ◽

G.C. Foscolo ◽

F. Breda ◽

G.C. Schiavon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leydig Cell ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Plasma Testosterone ◽

Control Group ◽

Hormonal Status ◽

Cell Axis ◽

Testicular Ectopia ◽

Healthy Males

The pituitary-testicular axis and spermatogenesis, after puberty, have been evaluated in 93 patients, operated on for cryptorchidism and testicular ectopia, by the assessment of plasma testosterone, gonadotropins after GnRH stimulation and semen analysis. 12 healthy males formed the control group. Only bilateral cryptorchid patients showed abnormalities in the pituitary-Leydig cell axis with significantly higher basal and stimulated LH values than controls. Oligospermia was more frequent in cryptorchid cases (48%) than in ectopia (13%) and was accompanied by a significant increase of FSH concentration compared to controls. No relation was found between age at operation and sperm count. These data suggest that cryptorchidism and ectopia have different consequences on hormonal status and fertility.

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Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Oxidative Stress and Proinflammatory State

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9030236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 236 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida ◽

Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés ◽

Xavier Capó ◽

Cristina Bouzas ◽

David Mateos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Antioxidant Defenses ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Inflammatory Parameters ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Factor Α

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is also characterized by an increase of oxidative stress which contributes to impaired inflammation, vascular function, and atherosclerosis. The aim was to assess the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in plasma and PBMCs in adults with or without MetS. Antioxidant and inflammatory parameters were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 80 men and 80 women over 55 to 80-years-old residing in the Balearic Islands without previously documented cardiovascular disease. Circulating leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, and monocytes were higher in MetS subjects with respect to those without MetS. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were higher in MetS subjects in both genders, but the superoxide dismutase activity was lower. The myeloperoxidase plasma activity was higher in the MetS male subjects. Higher activities and protein levels of catalase and glutathione reductase in PBMCs were observed in MetS subjects in both genders. Obtained data show that MetS is associated with oxidative stress and a proinflammatory state and with high antioxidant defenses in PBMCs probably derived from a pre-activation state of immune cells.

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Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25071653 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 1653

Author(s):

Sze Wa Chan ◽

Brian Tomlinson

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Potential Benefits

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress may impair normal physiological functions, leading to various illnesses. T2DM is considered to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications, cancer and vision loss through cataracts and retinopathy. While conventional therapies are a cornerstone for the management of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, increasing antioxidant defense by increasing intake of antioxidant-rich foods may improve long term prospects in CVD, obesity and T2DM. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which give berries their red/purple/blue coloration. Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and are reported to play an important role in the prevention of metabolic disease and CVD as well as cancer and other conditions. This review focuses on the potential effects of bilberry supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is evidence to support the use of bilberry supplementation as part of a healthy diet, the potential benefits from the use of bilberry supplementation in patients with T2DM or CVD needs to be clarified in large clinical trials.

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Prevalence and Patterns of Male Infertility Based on Semen Analysis in Patients Visiting Massawa Hospital; Eritrea: Cross-Sectional Study; 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-401307/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Berhe Tesfai ◽

Fitsum Kibreab ◽

Hailemichael Gebremariam ◽

Liwam Abraham

Keyword(s):

Male Infertility ◽

Sperm Motility ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Male Factor Infertility ◽

Male Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Semen Volume ◽

Primary Type ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background Semen analysis is the first step to identify male factor infertility. World Health Organization estimates that male factor accounts for 50% of couple sub-fertility. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and patterns of male factor infertility based on semen analysis in patients visiting Massawa Hospital with infertility complaints. Methods It was a retrospective, descriptive cross sectional hospital based type of study with a census sampling method. Patient’s medical records and hospital laboratory register were used to retrieve semen analysis results of patients from June 2018 to June 2020. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health Research and Ethical Review Committee. Confidentiality of patients records kept was secured and consent was obtained from study participants to use their data. Results were presented in frequency, tables and p value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 112 patients data was analyzed in the study with 49.1% were aged between 20 to 30 years. The prevalence of male factor infertility in these patients was found to be 42% and 79.5% of them had primary type of infertility. Of the study participants; 63 (56.3%), 72 (64.3%) and 70 (62.5%) had sperm count < 15 million sperms/ml, sperm motility < 40 % and morphology of < 60% respectively. One tenth, 15 (13.4%) of the patients had a semen volume of < 1.5ml/ejaculate, out of which 13(86.7%) had primary type of infertility. Moreover; 72 (64.3%) patients had total sperm count/ejaculate of < 39 million and 59 (82%) of these had primary type of infertility. In addition; 50.8% and 50% of patients aged 20 to 30 years had a sperm count < 15 million/ml and sperm motility of < 40% respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of male factor infertility was slightly higher and was dominated with primary infertility. Most patients had lower sperm count, sperm motility but higher semen volume, and majority of the patients with abnormal sperm results were aged between 20 to 30 years. Further prospective researches to determine the risk factors for male infertility and introducing assisted type of fertility in Eritrea are highly recommended.

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The possible association of clusterin fucosylation changes with male fertility disorders

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95288-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Janiszewska ◽

Izabela Kokot ◽

Iwona Gilowska ◽

Ricardo Faundez ◽

Ewa Maria Kratz

Keyword(s):

Male Infertility ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Seminal Plasma ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Sperm Count ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Infertile Men ◽

Abnormal Sperm ◽

Fertility Disorders ◽

Oligosaccharide Structures

AbstractIn the seminal plasma (n = 118) and serum (n = 90) clusterin (CLU) the fucosylation and the expression of selected fucosyltransferases (FUTs) were analyzed. Samples from infertile men were divided into groups based on the results of the standard semen analysis: normozoospermic (N), teratozoospermic (T), asthenoteratozoospermic (AT) and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT). The CLU fucosylation was analyzed using lectin-ELISAs with biotinylated lectins specific to α1,3-, α1,2-linked antennary fucose, and α1,6-linked core fucose (LTA, UEA, and LCA, respectively). The concentrations of FUT3 and FUT4, reflecting the expression of Le oligosaccharide structures, were measured using ELISA tests. The differences in serum CLU and FUT4 concentrations, and in the expression of core fucose and antennary fucose α1,2-linked in CLU glycans between the N group and other groups examined suggest that the disturbances in sperm count, motility, and morphology are not the only cause of male infertility. Lack of similarities between levels of examined parameters in blood serum and seminal plasma may suggest the differences in mechanisms leading to glycoproteins glycosylation. It confirmed the observed differences in concentrations of seminal plasma CLU, FUT3, and FUT4 between the OAT group and N, T, AT groups, indicating that decreased sperm count may be related to these parameters expression. The serum CLU concentrations and expression of core fucose and fucose α1,2-linked in CLU, seem to be good markers differentiating normozoospermic men from those with abnormal sperm parameters, which was not observed for seminal plasma.

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Estresse oxidativo e a riboflavina: uma abordagem fisiopatológica da síndrome metabólica / Oxidative stress and riboflavina: a pathophysiological approach to the metabolic syndrome

Brazilian Journal of Health Review ◽

10.34119/bjhrv4n5-076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 19423-19432

Author(s):

Rodrigo Suiter Dias Malpaga ◽

Ricardo Braga Varella ◽

Eitor Morais Alves De Toledo ◽

Leonardo Bartolomeu Coradini Impaléa

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Sindrome Metabolica

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