Postpuberal evaluation of spermiogram and hormonal status in patients operated on for cryptorchidism and testicular ectopia

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
P. Legovini ◽  
E. De Menis ◽  
G.C. Foscolo ◽  
F. Breda ◽  
G.C. Schiavon ◽  
...  

The pituitary-testicular axis and spermatogenesis, after puberty, have been evaluated in 93 patients, operated on for cryptorchidism and testicular ectopia, by the assessment of plasma testosterone, gonadotropins after GnRH stimulation and semen analysis. 12 healthy males formed the control group. Only bilateral cryptorchid patients showed abnormalities in the pituitary-Leydig cell axis with significantly higher basal and stimulated LH values than controls. Oligospermia was more frequent in cryptorchid cases (48%) than in ectopia (13%) and was accompanied by a significant increase of FSH concentration compared to controls. No relation was found between age at operation and sperm count. These data suggest that cryptorchidism and ectopia have different consequences on hormonal status and fertility.

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.


2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Crowe ◽  
Donna M. O’Connor ◽  
Joann E. Lukins

This study aimed to investigate the effects of 6 wk oral supplementation of ß-hydroxy- ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) and HMB combined with creatine monohy-drate (HMBCr) on indices of health in highly trained athletes. Elite, male rugby league players (n = 28) were allocated to 1 of 3 groups: a control group (n = 6), a HMB group (3 g/d; n = 11), or a HMBCr group (3 g/day HMB, 3 g/d Cr; n = 11). Testing prior to, and immediately following, supplementation included a full blood count, plasma testosterone and cortisol, blood electrolytes, lipids, urea and glucose, sperm count and motility, and assessment of psychological state. A 3 X 2 factorial ANOVA revealed no effect of HMB or HMBCr on any of the measured parameters except minor changes in blood bicarbonate and blood monocyte and lymphocyte counts. Blood bicarbonate was significantly decreased in the HMB post-supplementation sample compared to the control and HMBCr groups. Blood monocyte and lymphocyte counts showed no within-group changes for HMB or HMBCr supplementation but were significantly different from the control. However, the majority of these readings remained within normal range. HMB and HMBCr were concluded to have no adverse effects on the parameters evaluated in this study when taken orally by highly trained male athletes over a 6-wk period.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021013
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Bagher Abdollahi ◽  
Somayeh Farhang Dehghan ◽  
Faezeh Abasi Balochkhaneh ◽  
Manouchehr Ahmadi Moghadam ◽  
Hamzeh Mohammadi

The present study was aimed to compare the effects of exposure to noise, vibration, lighting, and microwave on male mice’ sperm parameters. The mice were randomly assigned to five groups of eight, which comprised of the unexposed group and exposure groups including the lighting (1000 lux), noise (100 dB(A)), vibration (acceleration of 1.2 m/s2) and microwave (power density of 5 watts). The exposure groups were subjected to the four agents for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week during a 2-week period. Semen analysis were done according to World Health Organization guidelines. The highest significant mean difference in sperm count (-1.35×106/mL) had being observed between the microwave group and the control one (P=0.001). The highest difference in immotile percent (25.88 %) had being observed between the noise group and the control one (P=0.001). The highest difference in normal morphology (-27.06 %) observed between the lighting exposure group and the control group (P=0.001). The four agents can cause changes in different sperm parameters, however for definite conclusion; more laboratory and field studies are required. In total, exposure to microwave has had the greatest effect on sperm count and exposure to light has had the greatest effect on normal morphology and non-progressive motility. Moreover, exposure to noise has had the greatest effect on progressive motility and immotile percent, respectively.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yao ◽  
Yangyang Wan ◽  
Xiaoyun Shi ◽  
Lan Guo ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
...  

Abstract The heavy metal cadmium is believed to be one of the environmental endocrine disruptors of spermatogenesis. Cadmium-induced inhibition of spermatogenesis is associated with hormone secretion disorder. Letrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that can raise peripheral androgen levels and stimulate spermatogenesis. However, the potential protective effects of letrozole against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity remain to be elucidated. In this study, male mice were administered CdCl2 (4 mg/kg BW) orally by gavage alone or in combination with letrozole (0.25 mg/kg BW) for 30 days. Cd exposure caused a significant decrease in body weight, sperm count, motility, vitality and plasma testosterone levels. Histopathological changes revealed extensive vacuolization and decreased spermatozoa in the lumen. However, in the Cd+letrozole group, letrozole treatment compensated for deficits in sperm parameters (count, motility, and vitality) induced by Cd. Letrozole treatment significantly increased serum testosterone levels, which were reduced by Cd. Histopathological studies revealed a systematic array of all germ cells, a preserved basement membrane and relatively less vacuolization. For mechanistic exploration, RNA-seq was used to profile alterations in gene expression in response to letrozole. Compared with that in the Cd-treated group, RNA-Seq analysis showed that 214 genes were differentially expressed in the presence of letrozole. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that steroid biosynthetic processes were the processes most affected by letrozole treatment. Furthermore, we found that the expression of the testosterone synthesis-related genes LHCGR (luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor) and Hsd3b6 (3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 6) was significantly downregulated in Cd‐induced testes, but in letrozole-treated testes, these genes maintained similar expression levels as the control group. However, the transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, and oxidative stress-related genes (Nrf2, Nqo1, and Ho-1) showed no changes. The present study suggests that the protective potential of letrozole against Cd-induced reproductive toxicity might be due to upregulation of LHCGR and Hsd3b6, which could beneficially increase testosterone synthesis to achieve optimum protection in sperm quality and spermatogenesis.


1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Job ◽  
Dominique Gendrel ◽  
Anne Safar ◽  
Marc Roger ◽  
Jean-Louis Chaussain

ABSTRACT Twelve male infants with undescended testes (5 bilaterally, 7 unilaterally) were studied between the ages of 1 week and 11 months. As in older pre-pubertal cryptorchid boys, a significant decrease of the LH response to LH-RH test was found, while basal plasma levels of gonadotrophins and FSH response to LH-RH were normal. Plasma testosterone levels were in the normal range, and Leydig cells responded to stimulation by HCG, the degree of this response being significantly and positively correlated to the LH peak elicited by LH-RH. It may be concluded that some early defect of the pituitary-Leydig cell axis is associated with undescended testes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Maurizio De Rocco Ponce ◽  
Carlo Foresta ◽  
Rocco Rago ◽  
Alessandro Dal Lago ◽  
Giancarlo Balercia ◽  
...  

There is increasing data in favour of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) therapy in patients with oligo-asthenozoospermia and normal-range gonadotropins in order to increase sperm count and above all sperm motility. Some studies showed an improvement in DNA fragmentation and spontaneous pregnancy. Recently, biosimilar FSH has been marketed with the same indications. We performed a retrospective multicentric case-control study involving 147 asthenozoospermic patients between 18 and 45 years of age. A total of 97 patients were treated with biosimilar FSH 150 UI three times a week for 3 months, while 50 control subjects received no treatment. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months with semen analysis including DNA fragmentation, testicular colour Doppler ultrasound, and blood tests. Spontaneous pregnancies were recorded during a further follow-up period of 6 months. Treated patients showed after treatment a statistically significant increase in sperm concentration, total sperm count, and total motile sperm, as well as improved progressive motility and non-progressive motility. DNA fragmentation showed a significant reduction. Conversely, in the control group, no significant change was found. Pregnancy rate was significantly higher in treated patients. These data suggest comparable efficacy of biosimilar FSH in the treatment of male infertility; however, larger studies are needed to confirm our results.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Artur Wdowiak ◽  
Mariusz Gujski ◽  
Iwona Bojar ◽  
Dorota Raczkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Bartosińska ◽  
...  

Recent evidence indicates that a systemic state of inflammation may exert a negative effect on male fertility. The aim of this study is to evaluate sperm quality parameters in male patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Between December 2019 and December 2020 semen analyses are performed in 50 patients with UC in clinical remission. The control group consists of 50 healthy volunteers. Total sperm count, sperm count, percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa, viability, and progressive motility, are significantly lower in the study group than in healthy males (p < 0.001). The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) are significantly higher in the study group (28.9% and 1.55% on average, respectively) than in healthy males (14.6% and 0.79% on average, respectively). Bacteriospermia is more clearly observed in the study group (p = 0.037), and the most frequent pathogen is Enterococcus faecalis. The DFI and ORP are significantly higher in bacteria carriers, compared to males without microbial pathogens from both the study and control groups (p < 0.001). To conclude, UC patients have worse basic sperm parameters compared to their healthy counterparts. Deterioration of semen parameters, as well as an intensified DNA fragmentation could be a result of oxidative stress intensification.


1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin A. Kirschner ◽  
George Schneider

ABSTRACT In four normal men, the pituitary-Leydig cell axis was challenged before and during administration of large doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera). After 9–10 days of Provera, testosterone production rates decreased from 6.1 to 2.9 mg/day, and a comparable decrease in sebum production was observed. No changes were noted in the metabolic clearance rates of testosterone. Fluoxymesterone given along with Provera resulted in lower plasma testosterone concentrations than obtained by Provera alone, and sebum production was stimulated. When clomiphene (Clomid) was given along with Provera, there was no stimulation of testosterone production, but a striking increase in sebum production, suggesting that Clomid has a direct effect on sebum independent of its usual stimulatory action on LH and testosterone production. Human chorionic gonadotrophin resulted in brisk increases of plasma testosterone concentrations both before and during Provera treatment. Since the suppressive effects of Provera on sebum production could be overcome by exogenous and endogenous androgens, and since steroidogenesis remained intact, it seems unlikely that Provera blocks androgens at their peripheral sites of action. It is thus concluded that the suppressive effect of Provera on the pituitary-Leydig cell axis can be explained entirely by its antigonadotrophic properties.


1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Lázaro Alessandro Soares Nunes

 Síndrome metabólica (SM) é o nome dado ao conjunto de doenças de origem metabólica, que diretamente aumenta o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e ou diabetes tipo 2. A definição mais aceita para SM inclui o sujeito com a presença de três ou mais dos seguintes critérios: 1) obesidade abdominal (circunferência abdominal ≥ 102 com para homens e ≥ 88 cm para mulheres); 2) triglicérides ≥ 150 mg/dL; 3) HDL-colesterol baixo (< 40 mg/dL para homens e < 50 para mulheres; 4) pressão arterial elevada (> 130/85 mmHg e 5) glicemia de jejum elevada (>110 mg/dL). Dentre os numerosos efeitos deletérios da SM, a infertilidade masculina pode representar uma condição patológica significativa, decorrente de alterações metabólicas ocasionadas por esta síndrome. As evidências apontam principalmente para alterações hormonais que resultam em hipogonadismo, que pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento e maturação do espermatozoide. Além disso, os vários componentes da SM podem ocasionar a instalação de um estado de estresse oxidativo, que é prejudicial ao espermatozoide. A investigação inicial da infertilidade masculina consiste de um exame clínico, avaliação hormonal (e.g., dosagem de testosterona, hormônio luteinizante e folículo estimulante) e análise do sêmen (espermograma). O espermograma é o principal e mais importante teste a ser solicitado quando a investigação da infertilidade masculina está sendo realizada. Entretanto, novas estratégias diagnósticas, tais como, quantificação dos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo e capacidade antioxidante do sêmen podem ser ferramentas úteis no diagnóstico da infertilidade masculina. Palavras chave: obesidade, espermograma, diabetes, radicais livres, estresse oxidativo.   Metabolic syndrome (MS) includes a group of metabolic diseases who are directly linked to increased risk of to develop cardiovascular diseases or type 2 diabetes. The most accepted definition for MS includes patients with three or more of the following criteria: 1) abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 in men and ≥88 cm for women), 2) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; 3) low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL for men and <50 for women, 4) high blood pressure (>130/85 mmHg and 5) high fasting glucose (>110 mg/dL). Among the deleterious effects of MS, male infertility may represent a pathological condition due to significant metabolic alterations caused by this syndrome. The evidences point out to hormonal changes that result in hypogonadism that can promote detrimental changes in development and maturation of sperm. Moreover, the various components of MS cause an oxidative stress status that is deleterious to sperm morphology and motility. The investigation of male infertility consists of the clinical examination, hormonal evaluation (quantification of plasma testosterone, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone) and semen analysis (sperm count). Semen analysis is the main and most important test to be requested when the investigation of male infertility is conducted. However, new diagnostic strategies such as the quantification of oxidative stress parameters and semen antioxidant capacity can be useful tools in the male infertility diagnosis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Godwin Chinedu Uloneme

Background: The plant, Corchorus olitorius is consumed by many tribes and cultures for both nutritional and therapeutic purposes. Purpose: The study was therefore designed to investigate, evaluate and unravel the possible effects of the plant extract on the sperm count and sperm motility. Method: A total number of thirty two adult Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 g separated into four groups labeled A,B,C and D respectively were used for the study. Animals in group A which served as the control group were fed with the normal rat chow and water only. The group B rats were administered 100mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius; while those in group C were administered 500mg/kg body weight of the extract. The group D rats received 1000mg/kg body weight of the extract. For a period of four weeks, the different experimental animal groups received the respective aforementioned treatments once daily, around nine- o’clock in the morning through oral intubation. At the end of the 28 day treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the testes and accompanying epididymis harvested for investigations using standard laboratory standards. Results: Surprisingly, semen analysis showed that group B, C and D rats had an improved and increased sperm motility rate over group (A). Again, there was a pronounced significant increase in the average sperm count of the rats treated with varying doses of Corchorus olitorius leaf extract over that of the control group, a development that appeared to be dose dependent.


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