scholarly journals Задачи разработки отечественных физических приборов для быстрой (без смены поколений) идентификации генотипов при отборах в расщепляющихся и диких популяциях растений

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
В.А. Драгавцев

V.A. Dragavtsev. Agrophysical Research Institute, 195220, St.-Petersburg, Russia. Grazhdanscy prospect 14, e-mail: <[email protected]> SUMMARY. In the period of 1984-2014 our scientific school (by 2018 - 35 doctors of sciences and 12 professors) created and developed the new Theory of Ecological-Genetic Organization of Quantitative Characters (TEGOQC). The Theory is based on the discovery of the new epigenetic Phenomenon - the change of genes products spectrum under a quantitative character when the limitibg factor of environment change. From Theory came 24 priority issues and 10 know-how, able to eliminate "bottlenecks" of traditional breeding technologies to increase yield. TEGOQC has produced 16 innovative technologies eaperimentally tested om many agricultural crops to design breakthrough varieties of plants with high yields and quality of product, tens and hundreds of times more efficient than traditional breeding technologies to increase yields. The first of 16 important group of technologies to quickly (without changing generations) identyfy the most productive genotypes in selections in segregated and wild populations is described in this article. This group of technologies based on issues of TEGOQC: principle of background characters and principle of "orthogonal" identifications of maximal plus contributions in yield of seven genetic-physiological systems (GPhS): attraction; microdistribution of attractive plastic substances between grains and chaff in wheat-ear; adaptability to different limiting factors of environment; horizontal immunity; "payment" by dry biomass of plfnt of low doses of N,P,K; tolerans to thickening of phytocenosis; genetic variability if lengths of ontogenetic phases. SOURSES OF FINANCING: RSCI, grants No: 07-04-01714; No 13-01-96519; No 16-04-00199

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Т.Э. Остонакулов ◽  
А.А. Шамсиев

В 2017–2019 годах изучены сортообразцы сладкого картофеля на староорошаемых лугово-сероземных почвах Зарафшанской долины. Цель исследований – комплексная оценка сортообразцов батата в условиях Зарафшанской долины по скороспелости, росту, развитию, интенсивному размножению, формированию урожая, компактности клубней в гнезде, продуктивности, урожайности и лежкости клубней и выделение из них перспективных, а также разработка приемов агротехнологии получения высоких урожаев для данных условий. Почвы опытного участка характеризуются благоприятными агрофизическими и водными свойствами и низким содержанием гумуса, нитратного азота, подвижного фосфора и содержанием обменного калия от низкого до среднего. Сравнивали 18 сортообразцов батата. Выделенные сортообразцы изучали при ширине междурядий 70 и 90 см со схемой 70×25 и 90×20 см по 1, 2 и 3 растения в гнезде. Для получения рассады сортообразцов батата брали по 40 клубней и высаживали 20–22 февраля в пленочной теплице при температуре 15–18 °C, заделывая их на глубину 3–5 см. Влажность почвы поддерживали на уровне 65–70%. Через 7–10 дней после высадки почки начинают прорастать, а через 43–48 дней формируется рассада высотой 12–15 см, готовая для высадки в поле. Высадка рассады, как и других рассадных культур (томата, перца, баклажана) – по схеме 70×20–25 см во второй-третьей декаде апреля. Уход включал в себя междурядную обработку (культивация), прополку, борьбу с сорняками, подкормку, поливы. Уборка урожая – в конце сентября-начале октября с помощью картофелекопателя. В результате исследований выделились сорта по скороспелости, дружности формирования ростков, ускоренному размножению, продуктивности, компактности клубней в гнезде и с высоким товарным урожаем – Сочакинур, Хар-Бей и Япон. Возделывание этих сортообразцов по схеме 70×25 и 90×20 см способствует получению товарного урожая высокого качества не менее 43–48 т/га. In 2017–2019, studies were conducted on the study of varieties of sweet potatoes on old-irrigated meadow-gray-earth soils of the Zarafshan valley. The purpose of the research is a comprehensive assessment of sweet potato varieties in the conditions of the Zarafshan valley in terms of early maturity, growth, development, intensive reproduction, yield formation, compactness of tubers in the nest, productivity, yield and keeping quality of tubers and the selection of promising ones, as well as the development of methods of agricultural technology for obtaining high yields for given conditions. The soil is characterized by favorable agrophysical and water properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and a low-average content of exchange potassium. Eighteen sweet potato varieties were compared. The selected variety samples were studied with a row spacing of 70 and 90 cm with a scheme of 70×25 and 90×20 cm for 1, 2 and 3 seedlings in the nest. To obtain seedlings of sweet potato varieties, 40 tubers were taken and planted on February 20–22 in a film greenhouse at a temperature of 15–18 °C, seeding to a depth of 3–5 cm, the soil moisture was maintained at 65–70%. 7–10 days after planting, the buds began to germinate, and after 43–48 days, seedlings were formed with a height of 12–15 cm, which is ready for planting in the field. Planting seedlings in the field is carried out, as well as other seedlings (tomato, pepper, eggplant) according to the scheme 70x20–25 cm in the second or third decade of April. Growing includes inter-row processing (cultivation), weeding, weed control, top dressing, watering. Harvesting in late September, early October with a potato digger. As a result of the research, varieties were identified in terms of early maturity, sprout formation, accelerated reproduction, productivity, compactness of tubers in the nest and ensuring a high marketable yield – Sochakinur, Xar-Bey, and Japon. The cultivation of these varieties according to the scheme 70×25 and 90×20 cm contributes to the production of a commodity crop at 43–48 t/ha with good qualities.


1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Wayne Myles

We live under the spectre of never quite getting beyond the last upgrade in our array of new electronic tools. We have become unwittingly tied to an ever-increasing set of demands to learn, relearn, and apply the latest addition to our technological inventory. The advent of e-mail has compressed communication patterns, committing us to “immediate” responses. World Wide Web home pages explode information sources, leaving us floundering for the best hypertext link to follow. Computer databases spin out reports on every imaginable aspect of our work.  How do we feel about our new status as “electronic advisors”? How is our interaction with students faring in all of this? Have we been able to secure more time for students to draw on our experience and knowledge through these labor-saving devices? What has happened to our priorities? Has quality of service to the students kept abreast with the demands of processing ever-increasing amounts of information? 


The temperature factor is one of the limiting factors for obtaining high yields of crops, so one of the main tasks of selection is to search for temperature-resistant genotypes and to create on their basis the banks of crops with high temperature stability. The first step to solving this problem is to conduct a rapid assessment of the temperature plasticity of large populations and to isolate breeding-valuable genotypes from them. There are numerous methods that allow, in the short term with minimal technical and material costs, to carry out an initial assessment of a large number of genotypes at sporophytic level and differentiate them by resistance to the temperature factor. These methods include the method of estimating pollen populations. These studies have repeatedly been conducted on many cultures, their correctness is due to the expression of a large part of the plant genome, both at the diploid and haploid levels of development and demonstrated by many studies in this direction. The aim of our study was to study the stability of gametophyte and sporophyte of collecting varieties and varieties of winter rape to elevated temperatures, to study the correlation between the heat resistance of sporophyte and gametophyte.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Amrani ◽  
Duygu Kocaefe ◽  
Yasar Kocaefe ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharyay ◽  
Mohamed Bouazara ◽  
...  

AbstractCarbon anodes are used in the electrolytic production of aluminum. The quality of anodes is directly related to the production cost, carbon and energy consumption, and environmental emissions. It is desired that the anodes have high density, low porosity/cracks, low electrical resistivity as well as low air and CO2 reactivities. Low resistivity of anodes reduces energy required to produce aluminum during electrolysis. The presence of cracks and pores increases the anode electrical resistivity. Therefore, it is important to know how and when the pores and cracks form during the anode production so that the necessary actions could be taken to prevent their formation. A study was carried out to investigate the effect of different anode production parameters such as anode composition, type of raw material used, time and top-former bellow pressure of vibro-compactor, green anode cooling medium, and heating rate used during baking on the crack formation. The anodes are fabricated at the carbon laboratory of University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC) and characterized by measuring their properties (density, electrical resistivity, and surface crack density). The anode properties, hence the anode quality, were correlated with the anode production parameters. Also, their tomographic analysis was carried out to visualize and quantify the internal cracks. Graphical abstract


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-508
Author(s):  
Daniel Stellato ◽  
Marroon Thabane ◽  
Caitlin Eichten ◽  
Thomas E. Delea

(1) Background: Past research suggests that patients with advanced breast cancer prefer treatments with improved clinical outcomes and lower risk of side effects. Evidence on preferences of Canadian patients and physicians for treatments for advanced breast cancer is limited. (2) Methods: Patients’ and physicians’ preferences for treatments for HR+/HER2−, pre-/peri-menopausal advanced breast cancer were assessed by an online discrete choice experiment (DCE). Treatment alternatives were characterized by seven attributes regarding dosing, efficacy, and toxicities, with levels corresponding to those for ribociclib plus a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI), NSAI, and tamoxifen. For patients, impacts of advanced breast cancer on quality of life (QOL) and ability to work/perform activities of daily living also were assessed. Patients were recruited by a Canadian breast cancer patient advocacy group through email and social media. Physicians were recruited by email. (3) Results: Among 118 patients starting the survey, 23 completed ≥ 1 DCE question (19%). Among 271 physicians who were sent the e-mail invitation, 21 completed ≥ 1 DCE question (8%). For both patients and physicians, the increased probability of remaining alive and without cancer progression over 2 years was the most important attribute. A treatment with attributes consistent with ribociclib plus NSAI was chosen by patients and physicians in 70% and 88% of the time, respectively. A substantial proportion of patients reported worrying about future diagnostic tests and their cancer getting worse; (4) Conclusions: Canadian patients and physicians are generally concordant in preference for advanced breast cancer treatments, preferring ribociclib plus NSAI to other options.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Sebastian Peñaherrera-Pulla ◽  
Carlos Baena ◽  
Sergio Fortes ◽  
Eduardo Baena ◽  
Raquel Barco

Cloud Gaming is a cutting-edge paradigm in the video game provision where the graphics rendering and logic are computed in the cloud. This allows a user’s thin client systems with much more limited capabilities to offer a comparable experience with traditional local and online gaming but using reduced hardware requirements. In contrast, this approach stresses the communication networks between the client and the cloud. In this context, it is necessary to know how to configure the network in order to provide service with the best quality. To that end, the present work defines a novel framework for Cloud Gaming performance evaluation. This system is implemented in a real testbed and evaluates the Cloud Gaming approach for different transport networks (Ethernet, WiFi, and LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and scenarios, automating the acquisition of the gaming metrics. From this, the impact on the overall gaming experience is analyzed identifying the main parameters involved in its performance. Hence, the future lines for Cloud Gaming QoE-based (Quality of Experience) optimization are established, this way being of configuration, a trendy paradigm in the new-generation networks, such as 4G and 5G (Fourth and Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks).


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez ◽  
Alberto Horcada

The quality of meat and dairy products can be evaluated from the perspective of the farmer seeking high yields and profits or the consumer for whom sensory characteristics are the most important, although health and ethical aspects, such as animal welfare and the environmental impact of the production system, are increasingly becoming concerns worldwide [...]


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Joan Lee

Journal of Plant Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Journal of Plant Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to [email protected] for Volume 6, Number 2Ahmed Ghannam, University of Strasbourg, FranceAlfredo Benavente, Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Medioambiente, SpainAmi Lokhandwala, University of Mississippi, Department of Biology, USABingcheng Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, ChinaChrystian Iezid Maia e Almeida Feres, Tocantins Federal University, BrazilEstelle Dumont, université Aix-Marseille, FranceHoma Mahmoodzadeh, Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranKhyati Hitesh Shah, Stanford University, United StatesKinga Kostrakiewicz-Gieralt, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, PolandKonstantinos Vlachonasios , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Biology, GreeceMartina Pollastrini, University of Florence, ItalyMassimo Zacchini, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), ItalyMelekber Sulusoglu, Arslanbey Vocational School Kocaeli University, TurkeyMohamed Trigui, Sfax Preparatory Engineering Institute and CBS, TunisiaRajiv Ranjan, T. P. Varma College, IndiaRajnish Sharma, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Solan (HP), IndiaRakesh Ponnala, Zoetis Inc, United StatesRocío Deanna, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, ArgentinaSaid Laarabi, University Mohammed V/Ministry of National Education, MoroccoSlawomir Borek, Adam Mickiewicz University, PolandSuheb Mohammed, University of Virginia, United StatesTomoo misawa, Donan Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, Japan


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Liang ◽  
Vicki L. Shanker

ABSTRACT Background Approaches for teaching neurology documentation include didactic lectures, workshops, and face-to-face meetings. Few studies have assessed their effectiveness. Objective To improve the quality of neurology resident documentation through payroll simulation. Methods A documentation checklist was created based on Medicaid and Medicare evaluation and management (E/M) guidelines. In the preintervention phase, neurology follow-up clinic charts were reviewed over a 16-week period by evaluators blinded to the notes' authors. Current E/M level, ideal E/M level, and financial loss were calculated by the evaluators. Ideal E/M level was defined as the highest billable level based on the documented problems, alongside a supporting history and examination. We implemented an educational intervention that consisted of a 1-hour didactic lecture, followed by e-mail feedback “paystubs” every 2 weeks detailing the number of patients seen, income generated, income loss, and areas for improvement. Follow-up charts were assessed in a similar fashion over a 16-week postintervention period. Results Ten of 11 residents (91%) participated. Of 214 charts that were reviewed preintervention, 114 (53%) had insufficient documentation to support the ideal E/M level, leading to a financial loss of 24% ($5,800). Inadequate documentation was seen in all 3 components: history (47%), examination (27%), and medical decision making (37%). Underdocumentation did not differ across residency years. Postintervention, underdocumentation was reduced to 14% of 273 visits (P &lt; .001), with a reduction in the financial loss to 6% ($1,880). Conclusions Improved documentation and increased potential reimbursement was attained following a didactic lecture and a 16-week period in which individual, specific feedback to neurology residents was provided.


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