scholarly journals Ламинарная обмотка тороидального поля для термоядерной электростанции типа Токамак

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
Д.С. Дежин ◽  
Е.Ю. Клименко
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Toroidal Field ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Routine Service ◽  
Operating Current ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

There are described some alternatives to traditional technical solutions used in the designs of experimental Tokamak thermonuclear installations. The proposals must significantly reduce capital costs of the construction of toroidal field windings for thermonuclear power plants of this type. Cost reduction may be achieved by choosing a coil design that excludes degradation of the properties of a superconducting cable, significant simplifications of the cable design, cooling the winding with thermosyphon, avoiding the occurrence of high voltages due to using a quench back method for the winding protection, A procedure is described for the reliable selection of the operating current of the cable and the maximum permissible values of the electric field in it. It is considered also a facility of access to the thermonuclear unit of the power plant for routine service without dismantling the toroidal field winding and its vacuum shell.

scholarly journals Using CO2 as a Cooling Fluid for Power Plants: A Novel Approach for CO2 Storage and Utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4974
Author(s):  
Tran X. Phuoc ◽  
Mehrdad Massoudi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Cooling Fluid ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Power Plant Cooling

To our knowledge, the potential use of CO2 as a heat-transmitting fluid for cooling applications in power plants has not been explored very extensively. In this paper, we conduct a theoretical analysis to explore the use of CO2 as the heat transmission fluid. We evaluate and compare the thermophysical properties of both dry air and CO2 and perform a simple analysis on a steam-condensing device where steam flows through one of the flow paths and the cooling fluid (CO2 or air) is expanded from a high-pressure container and flows through the other. Sample calculations are carried out for a saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa and 41.5 °C with the mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s. The pressure of the storage container ranges from 1 to 5 MPa, and its temperature is kept at 35 °C. The pressure of the cooling fluid (CO2 or dry air) is set at 0.1 MPa. With air as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the condensing device as a vapor-liquid steam of 53% to 10% vapor for the container pressure of 1 to 5 MPa. With CO2 as the heat-removing fluid, the steam exits the device still containing 44% and 7% vapor for the container pressure of 1 MPa and 2 MPa, respectively. For the container pressure of 3 MPa and higher, the steam exits the device as a single-phase saturated liquid. Thus, due to its excellent Joule–Thomson cooling effect and heat capacity, CO2 is a better fluid for power plant cooling applications. The condensing surface area is also estimated, and the results show that when CO2 is used, the condensing surface is 50% to 60% less than that when dry air is used. This leads to significant reductions in the condenser size and the capital costs. A rough estimate of the amount of CO2 that can be stored and utilized is also carried out for a steam power plant which operates with steam with a temperature of 540 °C (813 K) and a pressure of 10 MPa at the turbine inlet and saturated-vapor steam at 0.008 MPa at the turbine outlet. The results indicate that if CO2 is used as a cooling fluid, CO2 emitted from a 1000 MW power plant during a period of 250 days could be stored and utilized.

scholarly journals Considerations regarding the anti-icing system for the ship propulsion plant with gas turbine

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
George Iulian Balan ◽  
Octavian Narcis Volintiru ◽  
Ionut Cristian Scurtu ◽  
Florin Ioniță ◽  
Mirela Letitia Vasile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Vessels that have navigation routes in areas with ambient temperatures that can drop below + 5 [°C], with a relative humidity of over 65%, will have implemented technical solutions for monitoring and combating ice accumulations in the intake routes of gas turbine power plants. Because gas turbines are not designed and built to allow the admission of foreign objects (in this case - ice), it is necessary to avoid the accumulation of ice through anti-icing systems and not to melt ice through defrost systems. Naval anti-icing systems may have as a source of energy flow compressed air, supersaturated steam, exhaust gases, electricity or a combination of those listed. The monitoring and optimization of the operation of the anti-icing system gives the gas turbine power plant an operation as close as possible to the normal regimes stipulated in the ship's construction or retrofit specification.

scholarly journals Planning of Hybrid Micro-Hydro and Solar Photovoltaic Systems for Rural Areas of Central Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramadoni Syahputra ◽  
Indah Soesanti
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Hydropower Potential ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant

This paper proposes the planning of hybrid micro-hydro and solar photovoltaic system for rural areas of Central Java, Indonesia. The Indonesian government has paid great attention to the development of renewable energy sources, especially solar and hydropower. One area that has a high potential for both types of energy is the province of Central Java, located on the island of Java, Indonesia. In this research, we conduct field research to determine the ideal capacity of solar and micro-hydro hybrid power plants, electricity load analysis, and optimal design of hybrid power plants. Data on the potential of micro-hydro plants are obtained by direct measurement on the Ancol Bligo irrigation channel located in Bligo village, Ngluwar district, Magelang regency, Central Java province, Indonesia. Data on solar power potential were obtained from NASA’s database for solar radiation in the Central Java region. Hydropower potential data include channel length, debit, heads, and power potential in irrigation channels originating from rivers. These data are used to design an optimal hybrid power plant. The method used to obtain the optimal design of a hybrid power plant system is based on the analysis of capital costs, grid sales, cost of energy, and net present cost. Based on the parameters of the analysis, the composition of the optimal generator for the on-grid scheme to the distribution network can be determined. The results showed that hybrid power plants were able to meet the needs of electrical energy in the villages around the power plant and that the excess energy could be sold to national electricity providers.

scholarly journals Selection of a Closed Brayton Cycle Gas Turbine for an Intermediate-Duty Solar-Electric Power Plant

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Vieth ◽  
D. F. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Electric Power Plant ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Selection Of

Subsystem and system analyses were performed to select the preferred working gas, performance characteristics and size of a closed cycle gas turbine for an intermediate-duty solar-electric power plant. Capital costs for all major subsystems were evaluated, but the principal selection criterion was the projected cost of electricity produced by the plant. Detailed analyses of the power conversion loop were conducted for both air and helium systems. Since the plant was intended for use on an intermediate-duty cycle, thermal storage was required. The coupling of the storage and power conversion loops in combination with the daily operating cycle influenced plant performance and energy costs in addition to the selection of the power conversion cycle. This work was done under contract of DOE as part of the Advanced Solar Electric Central Receiver Program.

scholarly journals The use of organic zeotropic mixture with high temperature glide as a working fluid in medium-temperature vapor power plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Borsukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Zeotropic Mixture ◽  
Selection Of

The paper presents the idea of using organic substances as working fluids in vapor power plants, in order to convert the low and medium temperature thermal energy sources into electrical energy. The calculation results of the power plant efficiency for butane-ethane zeotropic mixtures of different mass compositions, for the power plant supplied with hot water having a temperature of 120?C. Based on the results of thermal-flow calculations it was found that the use of zeotropic mixture does not allow to increase the efficiency and output of the power plant (these values appeared as slightly lower ones). However, it was found that, through the selection of a mixture of sufficiently large temperature glide, the heat exchange surface of the condenser can be reduced or a co-generation system can be implemented.

scholarly journals Geopolitical and Economic Aspects of Nuclear Energy

2015 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
S. Z. Zhiznin ◽  
V. M. Timokhov
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
East African ◽  
Capital Costs

Nuclear power in its present form was created during the Cold War and is its heritage. The main objective of nuclear energy at that time, along with energy, was the creation and accumulation of nuclear materials. To this aim a existing nuclear power plants based on uranium-plutonium cycle. Everything else - the processing of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, storage, recycling themselves nuclear power plant after its end of life, the risks of proliferation of nuclear materials and other environmental issues - minor. It was also believed that the nuclear power plant - the most reliable and safe plant. During the last twenty years all over the world the number of new orders for nuclear aggregates has decreased. That happens for a number of reasons, including public resistance, that the construction of new NPP and the excess of energy utilities in many markets, which is mainly connected with high market competition in energy markets and low economic indicators of the current nuclear utilities. The technology that consists of low capital costs, a possibility for quick construction and guarantied exploitation quality is on the winners side, but currently this technology is absent. However, despite abovementioned downsides, as the experience of state corporation "Rosatom"has shown, many developing countries of the South-east Asia, The middle East, African regions express high interest in the development of nuclear energy in their countries. The decision whether to develop nuclear energy or to continue to develop is, in the end, up to the choice of the tasks that a country faces. The article describes these "minor" issues, as well as geopolitical and economic problems of the further development of nuclear energy.

Energy Conversion Using the Supercritical Steam Cycle

2017 ◽  
pp. 458-480
Author(s):  
Thomas Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Boiler Design ◽  
Sliding Pressure ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor

A supercritical steam (or Rankine) cycle is used today for more most of the new coal-fired power plants. More recently, it has been proposed as well for future water-cooled nuclear reactors to enhance their efficiency and to reduce their costs. This chapter provides the technical background explaining this technology. Some criteria for boiler design and operation, like drum or once-through boiler design, fixed or sliding pressure operation and coolant mixing, are discussed in general to explain the particular challenges of supercritical steam cycles. Examples of technical solutions are given for two large-scale applications: a coal-fired power plant and a supercritical water-cooled reactor, both producing around 1000 MW electric power.

An algorithm for selection of a wind-driven power plant for a standalone power facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
P. A. Khlyupin ◽  
G. N. Ispulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: the article reviews the main types of wind turbines and electric power generators designated for wind-driven power plants, as well as new technological solutions. The co-authors have identified the main strengths and weaknesses of wind-driven power plants used as a source of alternative energy. The co-authors have developed an algorithm for selection of a standalone power supply system using a wind-driven power plant.Subject of research: using a comprehensive approach to efficiently design and develop wind-driven power plants with account for climatic and geographic conditions, specifications of wind-driven power plants to be installed.Objective: identification of requirements and specifications needed to develop an algorithm for selection of a standalone power supply system using a wind power plant.Methods: the co-authors have analyzed different types of wind turbines and power generators which are currently in use.Results and discussion: the co-authors present the algorithm for selection of a standalone power supply system using a wind-driven power plant.Conclusion: the algorithm, which is being developed by the co-authors, helps to design an efficient standalone power supply system having a wind-driven power plant.

Toroidal field coil design for the spherical tokamak power plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M Voss ◽  
A Bond ◽  
J.E.G Edwards ◽  
T.C Hender
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Toroidal Field ◽  
Spherical Tokamak ◽  
Coil Design ◽  
Field Coil

scholarly journals Nuclear Power Plant or Solar Power Plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeili Shayan Mostafa ◽  
Ghasemzadeh Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Track Record ◽  
The Cost

Both solar energy and nuclear energy face significant economic challenges. Sustainable energy costs have traditionally been greater than any of those associated with the growth of fossil fuel power generation, although the costs of renewable energy technologies (especially photovoltaic) have dropped. Furthermore, capital costs remain a big challenge in the nuclear generation. In many nations, the cost of building small nuclear power plants is quite large due to time, technology, and environmental and safety challenges for consumers. Such problems might not be as big for state-owned corporations or controlled industries for which utilities have quick access to cheap resources, and this partially explains why the interest for nuclear reactors in Asia is far greater than in the United States or Europe. Learning could help decrease costs for both types of technologies, but the track record for learning-by-doing in the nuclear sector is not good.

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