scholarly journals Sunflower meal concentrations in Massai grass silage

2012 ◽  
pp. 3041-3046
Author(s):  
Máikal S. Borja ◽  
Ronaldo L. Oliveira ◽  
Luciano S. Lima ◽  
Adriana R. Bagaldo ◽  
Gleidson GP. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Matter Basis

ABSTRACTObjetive. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the best sunflower meal concentration in Massai grass silage. Materials and methods. The treatments were composed of 0, 8, 16, and 24% sunflower meal (natural matter basis) during ensiling of Massai grass, with four repetitions. Results. The regression equation showed that the inclusion of sunflower meal between 2.14% and 13.91% obtained a silage dry matter between 25 and 35%, which are the values recommended for the production of high quality silage. The addition of sunflower meal showed a linear increase in crude protein, reaching 18% DM with the highest concentration of sunflower meal. The highest feed value index was obtained with the addition of 24% sunflower meal in the silage. The estimated total digestible nutrient of silage increased linearly with sunflower meal concentration. The silage pH values had a quadratic effect, reaching the lowest value (4.1) with 15% sunflower meal addition. Conclusions. Based on the chemical composition and forage quality, a concentration of 14% sunflower meal should be used for high-quality silage with good nutritional value..

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

scholarly journals Intake, digestibility, ruminal parameters, and microbial protein synthesis in crossbred steers fed diets based on Brachiaria grass silage and sorghum silage

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.M. Chizzotti ◽  
O.G. Pereira ◽  
S.C. Valadares Filho ◽  
M.L. Chizzotti ◽  
M.I. Leão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Microbial Efficiency ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial was carried out with four Holstein x Nellore crossbred steers (225±22kg of BW) fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulaes in a 4 x 4 Latin Square design to evaluate the intake and the total and partial apparent digestibilities of nutrients, ruminal parameters, and microbial synthesis. Diets consisted of 60% silage and 40% concentrate formulated to be isonitrogenous (12.5% of crude protein, dry matter basis). Treatments consisted of different proportions of Brachiaria brizantha grass silage and sorghum silage: 100:0; 67:33; 33:67, and 0:100%, respectively, on dry matter basis. The intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients linearly increased (P<0.01) as levels of sorghum silage increased. The total apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber linearly increased with sorghum silage levels (P<0.02). The highest ruminal NH3-N (13.63mg/dL) levels occurred at 2.94h post-feeding whereas the lowest ruminal pH (5.87) was measured at 5.21h post-feeding. Microbial efficiency was not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments. The use of 67% of sorghum silage and 33% of grass silage increased intake and digestibility of nutrients without affecting ruminal pH, ruminal NH3-N, and microbial efficiency.

scholarly journals Yield and Quality Features of Buckwheat-Soybean Mixtures in Organic Agricultural Conditions#

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Sürmen ◽  
Emre Kara
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Feed Value

This study was carried out during the summer of 2014 to determine alternative quality forage sources that could be grown in the Aydın ecological conditions. In the study, effects of 3 different mixtures and 2 pure species (100% Buckwheat, 25% Buckwheat -75% Soybean, 50% Buckwheat -5 0% Soybean, 75% Buckwheat - 25% Soybean, 100% Soybean) and 2 different harvesting times (50%-100% flowering/buckwheat) on yield and quality characteristics were investigated. According to measurements, the highest average herbage yield was obtained from 75% Buckwheat-25% Soybean application (3100 kg/da) at 2nd harvest time. When the average of hay yield was examined, the results were similar to herbage yield. When ADF and NDF were examined, the highest values were seen at the 2nd harvest. When the crude protein ratios were examined, it was found that they decreased at the 2nd harvesting time and the highest value was determined at 100% soybean application at the 1st harvesting time (21.08%). When Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) were examined, the highest values were determined in 100%Soybean applications at first harvest time and when the mixture applications were examined, the highest values were determined to be 75% Buckwheat - 25% Soybean application. As a result of the study, it was determined that the yields obtained at the 2nd harvest time were higher but the forage quality decreased. When the mixtures were examined, it was determined that the mixture having the highest roughage value was 75% buckwheat + 25% soybean application. In this study, the buckwheat which have short vegetation and good quality and the soybean, which is infront of with high quality, mixtures were examined. It has also been found that these mixtures may be important for obtaining high-quality forage in the short and intermediate periods.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE HARVEST STAGES AND ADDITIVES ON THE SILAGE VALUE OF THE DIFFERENT SUNFLOWER POPULATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
ZEYNEP GÜL ◽  
Mustafa TAN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Additive Control

The research was carried out in the irrigated trial areas of Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture in 2009 and 2010. 7 different local sunflower varieties (Edirne-black-seeded, Edirne-white-seeded, Erzurum-black-seeded, Erzurum-white-seeded, Kırklareli-black-seeded, Kırklareliwhite-seeded and Tekirdağ) from 3 different harvest times (table formation, full flowering and seed filling) were examined for silage. In the study, silage was carried out using 5 different additives (additive-control, 10% barley, 10% straw, 5% molasses, 1% salt). Dry matter ratio, crude protein ratio, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, relative feed value and pH values ​​were determined in silage. The results showed that local varieties, form times and additives have important effects on silage quality of sunflower. Using barley and molasses as additives significantly improves silage quality. Although the delay in form time decreased the crude protein ratio and increased the ADF and NDF ratios, it improved the dry matter ratio and silage pH.

scholarly journals Yield and Quality Features of Buckwheat-Soybean Mixtures in Organic Agricultural Conditions#

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 1716
Author(s):  
Mustafa Sürmen ◽  
Emre Kara
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pure Species ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Feed Value

This study was carried out during the summer of 2014 to determine alternative quality forage sources that could be grown in the Aydın ecological conditions. In the study, effects of 3 different mixtures and 2 pure species (100% Buckwheat, 25% Buckwheat -75% Soybean, 50% Buckwheat -5 0% Soybean, 75% Buckwheat - 25% Soybean, 100% Soybean) and 2 different harvesting times (50%-100% flowering/buckwheat) on yield and quality characteristics were investigated. According to measurements, the highest average herbage yield was obtained from 75% Buckwheat-25% Soybean application (3100 kg/da) at 2nd harvest time. When the average of hay yield was examined, the results were similar to herbage yield. When ADF and NDF were examined, the highest values were seen at the 2nd harvest. When the crude protein ratios were examined, it was found that they decreased at the 2nd harvesting time and the highest value was determined at 100% soybean application at the 1st harvesting time (21.08%). When Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) were examined, the highest values were determined in 100%Soybean applications at first harvest time and when the mixture applications were examined, the highest values were determined to be 75% Buckwheat - 25% Soybean application. As a result of the study, it was determined that the yields obtained at the 2nd harvest time were higher but the forage quality decreased. When the mixtures were examined, it was determined that the mixture having the highest roughage value was 75% buckwheat + 25% soybean application. In this study, the buckwheat which have short vegetation and good quality and the soybean, which is infront of with high quality, mixtures were examined. It has also been found that these mixtures may be important for obtaining high-quality forage in the short and intermediate periods.

Supplementation of grazing dairy cows with a brewers grains/treated straw mixture

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 46-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Leaver ◽  
R.C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Similar Cost ◽  
Friesian Cows

Supplementary feeding of grazing dairy cows is often uneconomic, and whilst supplementation with silage (buffer feeding) can be worthwhile, this often leads to a depletion of winter forage stores. In this study, a mixture of brewers grains and treated straw was used as a supplement. Offered as a 1:1 mixture in the dry matter (DM), it is a purchased substitute for grass silage, having a similar cost, and similar metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) contents. The high seasonality adjustments to milk price in mid-late season make supplementation potentially worthwhile.Experiments were carried out from April to September in 1988 and 1989, which had moderate and very low rainfall respectively. Each year 20 British Friesian cows which calved December to March (1988 experiment) and February-April (1989) were allocated at random to either treatment B or C. In B, the cows were offered a 1:1 mixture (DM basis) of brewers grains and NaOH treated chopped barley straw for 60 minutes after morning milking. In C, the cows received no supplement. Both groups were fed 1.0 kg/day of concentrates in the milking parlour. Due to the severe drought in 1989, concentrate feeding was increased to 5.0 kg/day for all cows during the last 4 weeks of the experiment. Also, urea-treated whole crop wheat was fed at a level of 2.5 kg DM/day during the last 7 days.

EFFECTS OF LYSINE INFUSION PER ABOMASUM OF STEERS FED CONTINUOUSLY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms

Four dairy steers were allotted to four lysine infusion levels in a 4 × 4 latin square design and fed an 11.5% crude protein (90% dry matter (DM)) diet continuously (10-min intervals every 24 hr). Lysine hydrochloride equivalent to 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 g lysine per day was infused per abomasum. When 9 g lysine were infused per day, the percent of absorbed nitrogen (N) retained was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced; urinary N excretion as a percentage of N intake and plasma-free lysine were increased significantly compared with the other three infusion treatments. The infusion of 9 g lysine per day apparently exceeded the body tissue requirements for this amino acid and the excess N was excreted in the urine. A possibility of lysine being limiting (0.28% lysine of a 100% DM diet) was apparently offset by the synthesis of lysine by rumen microorganisms, which increased the dietary lysine two- to threefold. Increased levels of infused lysine did not result in a linear increase of lysine in the abomasum. With 3 g per day lysine infusion rumen ammonia and N retentions were high. However, a smaller amount of N reached the abomasum with steers on this treatment.

Effects of genotype and dietary forage to concentrate ratio during the finishing period on carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs from hill sheep systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. CARSON ◽  
B. W. MOSS ◽  
L. E. R. DAWSON ◽  
D. J. KILPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Classification Score ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio ◽  
Matter Basis

The study investigated the effects of lamb genotype produced from hill flocks on feed efficiency, carcass characteristics and meat quality in animals finished on either a high forage:concentrate ratio diet (HFC) or a low forage:concentrate ratio diet (LFC). Purebred Scottish Blackface (BXB) lambs were compared with Blue-Faced Leicester×Scottish Blackface (BLXB) and Texel×Scottish Blackface (TXB) lambs. Purebred Cheviot (CXC), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXC) and Texel×Cheviot (TXC) lambs were also investigated. Lambs on the LFC diet were offered grass silage and concentrates mixed in the proportion of 0·80 silage and 0·20 concentrates on a dry matter basis. The LFC diet consisted of 0·20 grass silage and 0·80 concentrates on a dry matter basis. Representative lambs were slaughtered at the start of the experiment and on reaching 38 and 46 kg live weight. Averaged over the two slaughter weights, within the Blackface cross lambs, BXB had a lower liveweight gain (P < 0·01) than either BLXB or TXB (138, 207 and 203 (S.E. 11·1) g/day, respectively). Within the Cheviot cross lambs, CXC had a lower liveweight gain (P < 0·05) than SXC (188 v. 220 (S.E. 11·1) g/day), while SXC and TXC (204 g/day) had similar liveweight gains. Lambs on the LFC diet had a higher dressing proportion (P < 0·001) compared with lambs finished on the HFC diet (0·466 v. 0·434 (S.E. 0·0018) kg carcass per kg live weight). Averaged over the two slaughter weights BXB lambs had a lower (P < 0·05) dressing proportion than the other genotypes. Carcass conformation classification (assessed on a five-point scale) was higher (P < 0·001) in lambs finished on the LFC diet (3·0 v. 2·4 (S.E. 0·04)). Conformation classification was higher in lambs produced from Cheviot compared with Blackface ewes (P < 0·05). Within the Blackface cross lambs, BXB and BLXB lambs had a lower conformation classification (P < 0·001) than TXB lambs (2·4, 2·4 and 2·9 (S.E. 0·08) respectively). Within the Cheviot ewes, TXC lambs had a higher (P < 0·001) classification than either CXC or SXC (3·1, 2·7 and 2·7 (S.E. 0·08) respectively). Lambs finished on the LFC diet had a higher fat classification score compared with lambs on the HFC diet (P < 0·001) (3·4 v. 2·8 (S.E. 0·04)). Fat classification was similar across all genotypes. Lambs finished on the LFC diet had a lower ash content in the carcass than lambs finished on a HFC diet (P < 0·01) (44 v. 47 (S.E. 0·8) g/kg). Lamb genotype and dietary forage:concentrate ratio had no significant effect on cooking loss, sarcomere length, Warner–Bratzler shear force and L* values. Ultimate pH (pHU) was not influenced by dietary forage:concentrate ratio, but was significantly (P < 0·01) higher in BXB lambs compared with BLXB, TXB, CXC and TXC lambs. Lambs offered the LFC diet during the finishing period had significantly higher values for a* (P < 0·05), b* (P < 0·001), C* (P < 0·001) and H0 (P < 0·05) than lambs offered a HFC diet. Of these parameters only b* was significantly affected by lamb genotype, with BXB lambs having a lower value (P < 0·05) than the other genotypes.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ENSILAGE ON THE NUTRITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF POULTRY WASTE - CARBOHYDRATE MIXTURE AS LIVESTOCK FEED

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
J. A. IBEAWUCHI ◽  
J. O. ECHUMBA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Sorghum Flour

In a laboratory study, the results of ensiling caged layer poultry waste with carbohydrate source to enhance its usefulness as feed ingredient for livestock were reported. Poultry waste (20%) mixed with cassava or sorghum flour was ensiled in test-tube silos and sampled at intervals during a 14-day storage period. In both mixtures, the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and pH values were significantly. in Nigeria, poultry waste was affected (P<0.05) with time after ensiling. The DM values were higher (P<0.05) on day 10 than on day 0,5 or 14. The poultry waste-sorghum mixture increased in CP level (P<0.05) from 8.0% on day O to 9.1% on day 14 while in the  cassava mixture CP increased from 7.0% on day  7.6% on day 10. There was a drop in pH from 6.4 to 4.6 in both mixtures at the end of the storage period. The results showed that ensiling cassava or sorghum flour with poultry waste enriched the nitrogen content of the mixture thereby enhancing its usefulness  as livestock feed.

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