The Influence of Early Parents' Death on Manifestations of Depressive Symptoms among Young Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuka Mike Ifeagwazi ◽  
Ndili Obieze
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Enugu State

This study investigated the influence of early parents' death on manifestations of depressive symptoms among young adults. One hundred students, consisting of 50 orphans (20 male and 30 female) and 50 non-orphans (20 male and 30 female) drawn from 10 secondary schools in Nsukka area of Enugu State, participated in the study. Each student was individually administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is a self-report assessment device consisting of 21 items designed to tap the affective, cognitive, motivational, and somatic symptomatology of depression. A 2 × 2 analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data to test the two hypotheses of the study. Results showed that the orphans reported significantly higher depressive symptoms than the non-orphans ( p < .001). There was no significant difference in depressive symptoms reported by male and female subjects. It was concluded from the study that the early loss of both parents through death could predispose an individual to develop some emotional difficulties such as depression later in adult life.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BODY SELF-RELATION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Ranjini Karthikeyan ◽  
Amiya Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Body Self ◽  
The Individual

Body self-relation is a multidimensional construct defined by persons" perceptions of and attitudes about their body. Body image does not simply reflect the biological enrichment of the individual or the feedback received from the significant others. The way you perceive about your body is your cognitive body image. This can lead to excessive concern with body shape and weight. Behaviors in which you relate as a result of your body image encompass your behavioral body image. A study based on the gender differences in body relation relating to young adults rating the comparison in perception of both male and female data. Hundred participants of both male and female took part in answering the by Multidimensional body selfrelations questionnaire (MBSRQ-AS). Results demonstrated by Mann Whitney U test revealed that there is significant difference between male and female young adults in their relation to body self, p<0.05, (2- tailed) in appearance orientation. There is no statistical sig.>0.05 differences in the other dimensions. Therefore, this study rejects the null hypothesis in (dimension) appearance orientation and accepts the null hypothesis (dimensions) in appearance evaluation, body area satisfaction, overweight preoccupation and self-classified weight. Keywords: body self-relation; gender differences

1065 A Bout of Sleep Apnea or a Posttrauma Nightmare Occurrence?

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A405-A406
Author(s):  
W A Youngren ◽  
K Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction The enigmatic nature of Posttrauma Nightmares (PTNs) has left research without an agreed upon operational definition. This is partially due to PTNs often containing well remembered content that is similar to the triggering trauma, but also manifesting as severe nighttime awakenings without a concise or remembered dream narrative. Given that recent research has linked episodes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) to PTNs, this study aimed to examine if OSA could explain why some distressed awakenings occur without memory of nightmare content. Methods Participants included 36 trauma survivors who reported experiencing PTNs, recruited from a clinical referral or at a Veterans Affairs Hospital. Presence of OSA was captured from self-reports of previous polysomnography-based sleep study results. PTNs were measured via a self-report measure that assessed past month nightmare frequency and if the content was remembered upon awakening. Analysis included descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Results Out of the group with a reported diagnosis of OSA (N = 8), 75% (n = 6) reported they did not remember the content of their nightmares upon awakening, whereas out of the group without a reported OSA diagnosis (N = 28), only 4% of participants (n = 1) reported not remembering the content of their nightmares. There was a significant difference between OSA diagnosis and remembering nightmare content (X2 = 57.83, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion Individuals with diagnosed OSA commonly experienced nightmares that were often not remembered upon awakening, while the group without OSA most often remembered the content of their nightmares. Due to this relationship, it is possible that some PTNs experienced by the OSA group may instead be misinterpreted respiratory events. Understanding the relationship between OSA and PTNs is crucial for developing the most effective treatment course. Support None.

scholarly journals Childhood Depressive Symptoms Predict Psychiatric Problems in Young Adults

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva T Aronen ◽  
Mika Soininen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of childhood depressive symptoms for psychiatric symptoms, adaptive functioning, and self-performance in young adults. Method: The study sample consisted of 111 young adults born during 1975–1976 in the Helsinki region. The young adults were assessed in childhood (10 to 11 years of age) using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and at the age of 20 to 21 years using Achenbach's Young Adult Self Report (YASR), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Wallston Self-Performance Survey. Results: Self-reported depressive symptoms in childhood predicted psychiatric symptoms (especially aggression), poor adaptive functioning, and low self-esteem in young adulthood. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms in children should be addressed to prevent later psychiatric problems. The CDI may be a measure of nonspecific psychopathology rather than of pure depression—thus, it may be a good screening tool for child populations.

scholarly journals Examination of sexual functions and depressive symptoms among infertile and fertile women

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selda Ozturk ◽  
Hatice Kahyaoglu Sut ◽  
Leyla Kucuk
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Female Sexual Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fertile Women

Objective: To examine the sexual functions and depressive symptoms of infertile and fertile women. Methods: This study was conducted between October 2015 and April 2016 using a descriptive, cross-sectional and comparative design. The sample of this study consisted of 96 infertile and 96 fertile women. The data were collected using an information form, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Index of Female Sexual Function. The data were analyzed The Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results: The rate of sexual dysfunction (87.5% vs. 69.8%) and the Index of Female Sexual Function total score (31.8 ± 7.8 vs 35.7 ± 6.3) were significantly higher in infertile women than fertile women (p=0.003, p<0.001, respectively). The sexual satisfaction and discomfort during sexual intercourse subscales of the Index of Female Sexual Function were significantly lower among infertile women than fertile women (p<0.001 for all); however, no significant difference was observed in the sexual intercourse/libido score of the Index of Female Sexual Function between infertile and fertile women (p=0.590). The correlation coefficients between the Beck Depression Inventory total score and the total and subscale scores of the IFSF did not significantly differ between infertile and fertile women (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: The sexual dysfunction rate among infertile women was higher than that among fertile women. Sexual functions decreased when depressive symptoms increased for both infertile and fertile women. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.615 How to cite this:Ozturk S, Sut HK, Kucuk L. Examination of sexual functions and depressive symptoms among infertile and fertile women. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.615 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Canine Tooth as a Tool in Gender Determination in Nigerian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O Otuaga ◽  
Lilian Ebite Chris-Ozoko ◽  
Oghenetega Lynda Sakpoba ◽  
John Chukwuma Oyem
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Canine Tooth ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nigerian Population ◽  
Reversed Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Dental Evidence

Dental evidence has been demonstrated as a major forensic tool for the identification of individuals and sex determination. The objective of the research was to determine sex in Delta Ibo ethnic group of Nigeria using the mandibular and maxillary canine teeth. Materials and methods. The study comprised 201 (100 males and 101 females) subjects of Delta Ibo ethnicity at the age of 17 – 25 years. The mesiodistal crown width and intercanine distance of both the maxillary and mandibular canines were measured intraorally using a pair of dividers and a ruler. Unpaired T-test at a probability value of p<0.05 was used to ascertain the mean significant differences between the male and female canine indices.   Results. Study results showed a statistically significant difference between male and female mandibular and maxillary canine mesiodistal width. This implied a sexual and reversed sexual dimorphism in the studied population.        Conclusions. The study confirmed that the canines of Delta Ibos exhibit sexual dimorphism like other populations and the maxillary canine indices give the most accurate prediction in sex determination.

scholarly journals Mudik during the Covid-19 pandemic, anxiety, and depression among students in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Metta Rahmadiana ◽  
Supra Wimbarti ◽  
Ira Paramastri ◽  
Atik Triratnawati
Keyword(s):  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose: This study explores the occurrence and different levels of anxiety and depression among male and female students who perform or do not perform mudik (homecoming). Investigate the primary source of COVID-19 related information among students. Methods: Online questionnaires consisting of the self-report level of anxiety and depression were delivered to study participants after completing the online informed consent. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the IBM SPSS version 20.0.Results: From a total of 2018 study participants, n=936 were students. Depression (M=8.68; SD= 5.45) was higher among students who did not perform mudik. Meanwhile, the prevalence rate of depression (M=7.18; SD=4.99) was also higher among students who performed mudik. A significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.017; p <0.05)] regarding the level of anxiety was reported higher among female students (M=7.80; SD=4.6) than male students (M=7.03; SD=4.7) and no significant difference [sig (2-tailed) = 0.173; p> 0.05] was reported for the level of depression between male and female students. Instagram was reported as the primary source of COVID-19 related information. Conclusion: This current study supports the notion regarding the occurrence of common mental disorders among students as an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of whether homecoming was performed or not. Different levels of anxiety and depression were reported between the male and female student population.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pre-Quarantine Physical Activity on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7771
Author(s):  
Abdulazeem S. Alotaibi ◽  
Boukhemis Boukelia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Difference

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the changes to normal societal function and in particular quarantine has increased mental distress in many nations. A survey of 22,112 COVID-19-negative quarantined participants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (age: 18–40 years, 42.6%; 40–60 years, 53.3%; over 60 years, 4.1%; mass, 78.9 ± 14.8 kg; stature, 167 ± 8.7 cm) were assessed for depressive symptoms using the online Beck Depression Inventory self-report questionnaire. The relationship between pre-quarantine physical activity and mental health and wellbeing during lockdown has been investigated. A significant difference in body mass index (BMI) between active and inactive participants (p = 0.03) was observed; with females also recording a 3% higher BMI than males. All participants showed a decrease in mental health compared to pre-quarantine. However, pre-quarantine inactivity was found to result in a greater negative impact on mental health and well-being than those active pre-quarantine (p < 0.01). The sedentary population had a 4-fold greater incidence of mild-depression than the active population. This suggests that activity level plays an important role in shielding people from anxiety and stress, whilst it builds mental strength in individuals that can be called upon in trying and difficult situations. Nevertheless, pre-quarantine activity levels did not lead to any significant change in levels of extreme depression in the sample population.

scholarly journals Age-related Differences in Confrontation Naming Ability according to Visual Stimulus Valence

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 616-629
Author(s):  
Shin Hee Kim ◽  
Jee Eun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of emotions on the confrontation naming of healthy elders and young adults.Methods: The study had a total of 60 subjects (30 elders and 30 young adults). In the confrontation naming task, the researcher asked the subjects to say the name of the picture presented on a screen as quickly and accurately as possible.Results: First, the results of the study showed significantly lower accuracy in the elders compared to the young adults and a significant difference in accuracy according to emotional valence. There was a significant difference between positive and neutral emotional valance and between negative and neutral emotional valance. Additionally, the interaction between the group and emotional valence was statistically significant. The post-hoc test showed that the naming accuracy of the elders was lower than that of the young in the negative emotional valance. Secondly, elders had a longer response time than the young adults. Also, there was a significant difference in response time according to emotional valence. There was a significant difference in response time in three emotional valences (positive, negative, neutral), and the response time increased in neutral < positive < negative. Finally, the interaction between the group and emotional valence was statistically significant, which attributed to the longer response time of the elders compared to the young adults in the positive and negative emotional valance.Conclusion: The study results suggest that emotional valence may interfere with word production, and that such interference may be greater for the elderly than for the young.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Efficacy among Iranian EFL Teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Simin Hashemi Marghzar ◽  
Amir Marzban
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Teacher Efficacy ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
Meaning Production ◽  
The Relationship

Owing to the importance of teacher’s impact on the students’ motivation, achievement, and academic success, this study is an attempt to explore the relationship between EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers’ spiritual intelligence and their level of efficacy. To this end, two questionnaires, the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SIRI-24) (King, 2008), and the ELT Teacher Efficacy Instrument (ELTEI) (Akbari& Tavassoli, 2014), were distributed among 148 male and female EFL teachers working at different contexts including university, school, and private language institute in Mashad, Quchan, Shirvan, and Qaemshahr, Iran. Pearson product-moment correlation and an independent T-test were used for analysis of the data. The findings of the study revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between teacher spiritual intelligence and teacher efficacy. Moreover, there is a significant difference between male and female teachers regarding their personal meaning production.

scholarly journals Influence of Work-Family-Conflict and Gender on Parenting Styles among Working Parents in Makurdi Metropolis

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ayangeawam Mase ◽  
Tertindi Lordsent Tyokyaa
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Work Family

Parenting styles provide the basis for many developmental outcomes during childhood and beyond. Proper parenting is required for the children to properly adjust in their adult life, as poor parenting has been considered a risk factor for problem behaviour in childhood and later adulthood. This study therefore, examines the influence of work-family conflict on parenting styles among working parents in Makurdi metropolis. A cross-sectional survey was adopted in carrying out the study. A total of 236 working parents involving 108(45.8%) male and 128(54.2%) female parents within the age range of 23-54 years, mean age of 31.84, (SD=8.96) were sampled from a population of working parents in Makurdi metropolis. The Parental Care Scale (Baunmnd, 1991) and Work-Family Conflict Scale (Netemeyer, et al., 1996) were used for the purpose of data collection. Simple linear regression analysis and MANOVA were used in testing the hypotheses. Results revealed a significant influence of work-family conflict on parenting styles among the working parents. A significant difference was also found between male and female working parents on parenting styles. It was concluded that work-family conflict is a significant determinant of parenting styles and that differences in parenting styles also exist between male and female parents. Implications for working parents were discussed and recommendations were also made.

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