Collective Control: Strategies for Survival in the Workplace

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey V. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Collective Control ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Influence Process

The topic of this article is the mechanisms by which groups of workers either formally or informally participate in shaping the nature of their work experience. It is proposed that control over the work process is strongly influenced by the character of workplace social groups. This influence process, collective control, determines the possibilities for collective coping with the chronic demands and pressures of various production systems. Collective control is an active strategy, encompassing aspects of social support and social solidarity. It has its greatest health-related effect in occupational situations where the capacity for individual goal attainment is restricted. Empirical data and case study material are presented to illustrate the mechanisms and health-related effects of collectivity.

scholarly journals A Digital Twin Architecture to Optimize Productivity within Controlled Environment Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8875
Author(s):  
Jesus David Chaux ◽  
David Sanchez-Londono ◽  
Giacomo Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Controlled Environment Agriculture

To ensure food security, agricultural production systems should innovate in the direction of increasing production while reducing utilized resources. Due to the higher level of automation with respect to traditional agricultural systems, Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) applications generally achieve better yields and quality crops at the expenses of higher energy consumption. In this context, Digital Twin (DT) may constitute a fundamental tool to reach the optimization of the productivity, intended as the ratio between production and resource consumption. For this reason, a DT Architecture for CEA systems is introduced within this work and applied to a case study for its validation. The proposed architecture is potentially able to optimize productivity since it utilizes simulation software that enables the optimization of: (i) Climate control strategies related to the control of the crop microclimate; (ii) treatments related to crop management. Due to the importance of food security in the worldwide landscape, the authors hope that this work may impulse the investigation of strategies for improving the productivity of CEA systems.

Pollution based real time control strategies for combined sewer systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Weinreich ◽  
Wolfgang Schilling ◽  
Ane Birkely ◽  
Tallak Moland
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Tunnel System

This paper presents results from an application of a newly developed simulation tool for pollution based real time control (PBRTC) of urban drainage systems. The Oslo interceptor tunnel is used as a case study. The paper focuses on the reduction of total phosphorus Ptot and ammonia-nitrogen NH4-N overflow loads into the receiving waters by means of optimized operation of the tunnel system. With PBRTC the total reduction of the Ptot load is 48% and of the NH4-N load 51%. Compared to the volume based RTC scenario the reductions are 11% and 15%, respectively. These further reductions could be achieved with a relatively simple extension of the operation strategy.

scholarly journals Livestock movement informs the risk of disease spread in traditional production systems in East Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Ekwem ◽  
Thomas A. Morrison ◽  
Richard Reeve ◽  
Jessica Enright ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Risk Of Disease

AbstractIn Africa, livestock are important to local and national economies, but their productivity is constrained by infectious diseases. Comprehensive information on livestock movements and contacts is required to devise appropriate disease control strategies; yet, understanding contact risk in systems where herds mix extensively, and where different pathogens can be transmitted at different spatial and temporal scales, remains a major challenge. We deployed Global Positioning System collars on cattle in 52 herds in a traditional agropastoral system in western Serengeti, Tanzania, to understand fine-scale movements and between-herd contacts, and to identify locations of greatest interaction between herds. We examined contact across spatiotemporal scales relevant to different disease transmission scenarios. Daily cattle movements increased with herd size and rainfall. Generally, contact between herds was greatest away from households, during periods with low rainfall and in locations close to dipping points. We demonstrate how movements and contacts affect the risk of disease spread. For example, transmission risk is relatively sensitive to the survival time of different pathogens in the environment, and less sensitive to transmission distance, at least over the range of the spatiotemporal definitions of contacts that we explored. We identify times and locations of greatest disease transmission potential and that could be targeted through tailored control strategies.

scholarly journals MODEL-BASED DESIGN OF AM COMPONENTS TO ENABLE DECENTRALIZED DIGITAL MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2127-2136
Author(s):  
Olivia Borgue ◽  
John Stavridis ◽  
Tomas Vannucci ◽  
Panagiotis Stavropoulos ◽  
Harry Bikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Am Processes ◽  
Final Consumer

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a versatile technology that could add flexibility in manufacturing processes, whether implemented alone or along other technologies. This technology enables on-demand production and decentralized production networks, as production facilities can be located around the world to manufacture products closer to the final consumer (decentralized manufacturing). However, the wide adoption of additive manufacturing technologies is hindered by the lack of experience on its implementation, the lack of repeatability among different manufacturers and a lack of integrated production systems. The later, hinders the traceability and quality assurance of printed components and limits the understanding and data generation of the AM processes and parameters. In this article, a design strategy is proposed to integrate the different phases of the development process into a model-based design platform for decentralized manufacturing. This platform is aimed at facilitating data traceability and product repeatability among different AM machines. The strategy is illustrated with a case study where a car steering knuckle is manufactured in three different facilities in Sweden and Italy.

scholarly journals Who could be One Health Activist at the community level?: A case for India

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandul Yasobant ◽  
Walter Bruchhausen ◽  
Deepak Saxena ◽  
Farjana Zakir Memon ◽  
Timo Falkenberg
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
One Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Community Level ◽  
System Level

Abstract Background Community health workers (CHWs) are the mainstay of the public health system, serving for decades in low-resource countries. Their multi-dimensional work in various health care services, including the prevention of communicable diseases and health promotion of non-communicable diseases, makes CHWs, the frontline workers in their respective communities in India. As India is heading towards the development of One Health (OH), this study attempted to provide an insight into potential OH activists (OHA) at the community level. Thus, this case study in one of India’s western cities, Ahmedabad, targeted identifying OHA by exploring the feasibility and the motivation of CHWs in a local setting. Methods This case study explores two major CHWs, i.e., female (Accredited Social Health Activists/ASHA) health workers (FHWs) and male (multipurpose) health workers (MHWs), on their experience and motivation for becoming an OHA. The data were collected between September 2018 and August 2019 through a mixed design, i.e., quantitative data (cross-sectional structured questionnaire) followed by qualitative data (focus group discussion with a semi-structured interview guide). Results The motivation of the CHWs for liaisoning as OHA was found to be low; however, the FHWs have a higher mean motivation score [40 (36–43)] as compared to MHWs [37 (35–40)] out of a maximum score of 92. Although most CHWs have received zoonoses training or contributed to zoonoses prevention campaigns, their awareness level was found to be different among male and female health workers. Comparing the female and male health workers to act as OHA, higher motivational score, multidisciplinary collaborative work experience, and way for incentive generation documented among the female health workers. Conclusion ASHAs were willing to accept the additional new liaison role of OHAs if measures like financial incentives and improved recognition are provided. Although this study documented various systemic factors at the individual, community, and health system level, which might, directly and indirectly, impact the acceptance level to act as OHA, they need to be accounted for in the policy regime.

RURAL WOMEN AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A CASE STUDY IN HERAKLION CRETE PREFECTURE, GREECE

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 269-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
AIKATERINI LASSITHIOTAKI
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
Enterprise Model ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Domestic Roles ◽  
Entrepreneurial Beliefs

This article investigates the entrepreneurial beliefs/attitudes, ambitions, expectations, goals and visions of rural women who choose to cooperate and found Women's Rural cooperatives in the Prefecture of Heraklion on the island of Crete. The results of a qualitative study involving a sample of eight chairwomen of rural women's established Traditional Food Production cooperatives indicated that the traditional domestic roles (housewife, mother), the low level of education, the lack of professional skills, enterprise experience and mostly the unwillingness of rural women to undertake enterprise risk, have turned them toward an enterprise model that lacks modern business methods in the use of quality control production systems, in the production of Protected Geographical Identification Goods and/or Certified Local Traditional Food and/or Organic Products, in the use of new organizing and managing technologies, in advertising and promoting products and in administrative renewal.

IMPACT OF WORK EXPERIENCE ON JOB RETENTION: A CASE STUDY OF OMANI SCHOOL TEACHERS

2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Al Ghafri ◽  
Allah Dad ◽  
Khalaf Al Abri
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Job Retention ◽  
School Teachers

Gender Bias in Education Expenditure among Religious and Social Groups: A Case Study for Below Class 10 Level in West Bengal

2021 ◽  
pp. 097674792110464
Author(s):  
Chayanika Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
The Social

This article attempts to capture gender bias in education expenditure among the religious (Hindu, Muslim and others) and the social groups (SC, ST and General) in West Bengal. Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition technique is used to obtain gender bias for a specific demographic group. Further, an attempt has been made to identify the religious or social groups with the acute problem of gender bias. In this work, 71st round (January–June 2014) education expenditure data (individual level) provided by NSSO (National Sample Survey Office) is used. JEL: I24, R1, C55

Counselling Support for People with Intellectual Disabilities: The Use of Narrative Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Wark
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Narrative Therapy ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Grief And Loss ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities

This article uses a descriptive case study design to examine the potential of narrative therapy as a direct intervention for adults with moderate-to-severe intellectual disabilities, autism and/or severe communication limitations. Archival clinical data on four individuals who received a form of social constructionist narrative therapy are examined for goal attainment. The data were analysed qualitatively with specific input from individuals, their families and carers. Findings indicate improvements in quality of life through reductions in situational and environmental anxieties, and in coping with grief and loss. The results suggest that narrative therapy techniques can be beneficial in assisting individuals with severe intellectual disability to achieve meaningful and persistent improvements in their life.

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