A Method for Translating Technical to Nontechnical Prose

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parker H. Johnson ◽  
Judith Garrard ◽  
William Hausman

To translate the technical language of a survey instrument into ordinary prose for lay readers, we developed a five-step method: 1) the technical language was standardized; 2) a nontechnical translation was produced; 3) lay readers were tested to discover what parts of the translation were unsuccessful; 4) the reading level of the translation was determined; and 5) a statistical correlation was performed to determine whether or not the translation accurately reflected the technical language. The validation measures in steps 3, 4, and 5 verified that our translation was faithful and readable.

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Fletcher ◽  
Tara Hawkins ◽  
Jenna Thornton

The psychoeducational report has many purposes and many readers. Given this, it is imperative that psychoeducational reports are well written, as well as acceptable to and understood by the readers. This study aimed to determine from the perspective of both teacher (report reader) and psychologist (report writer) the factors that make an effective psychoeducational report. The current study examined the effects of report style and language on satisfaction with and understanding and perceived utility of psychoeducational reports as rated by teachers and psychologists with varying degrees of experience. We expected that reports which contained a theme-based organisation and a lower grade reading level would receive significantly higher ratings of satisfaction and utility, and be understood by teachers and psychologists at significantly higher levels than reports with neither or only one of these two characteristics. Results indicated that while teachers in the present study were not more satisfied with the theme-based non-technical report and did not rate it as more useful, they did consider non-technical language easier to understand. Psychologists, in contrast, were not impacted by either variation in report style. The impact of differences between writer and reader on perceived understandability of reports is discussed.


1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 024-027 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Vetterlein ◽  
Gary J Calton

SummaryThe preparation of a monoclonal antibody (MAB) against high molecular weight (HMW) urokinase light chain (20,000 Mr) is described. This MAB was immobilized and the resulting immunosorbent was used to isolate urokinase starting with an impure commercial preparation, fresh urine, spent tissue culture media, or E. coli broth without preliminary dialysis or concentration steps. Monospecific antibodies appear to provide a rapid single step method of purifying urokinase, in high yield, from a variety of biological fluids.


2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Hoai Cong Huynh

The numerical model is developed consisting of a 1D flow model and the morphological model to simulate the erosion due to the water overtopping. The step method is applied to solve the water surface on the slope and the finite difference method of the modified Lax Scheme is applied for bed change equation. The Meyer-Peter and Muller formulae is used to determine the bed load transport rate. The model is calibrated and verified based on the data in experiment. It is found that the computed results and experiment data are good agreement.


2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.


2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
G. R. Kuchava ◽  
E. V. Eliseev ◽  
B. V. Silaev ◽  
D. A. Doroshenko ◽  
Yu. N. Fedulaev

The aim of the study was to assess the course and outcome of cerebral infarction, depending on the age factor and duration of stay in the neuroblock. Materials and methods: a dynamic observation of 494 patients, men and women, aged 38–84 years with acute ischemic stroke of hemispheric localization, which were divided into the three groups depending on age, was performed. Group 1 – younger than 60 years old, group 2–60–70 years old, group 3 – older than 60 years. All patients underwent standard therapy, according to the recommendations for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The patients underwent comprehensive clinical and instrumental monitoring, which included assessment of somatic and neurological status according to the NIH‑NINDS scales at 1st, 3rd, 10th days and at discharge or death; assessment of the level of social adaptation according to the Bartel scale on 1st, 3rd, 10th days and at discharge, clinical and biochemical blood tests, computed tomography of the brain. Assessment of the quality of therapy was carried out according to specially developed maps using methods of statistical correlation analysis. Results: the most pronounced positive dynamics of neurological status was in the 1st group of patients. The regression of neurological deficit in the 2nd group was worse. The minimal dynamics of neurological deficit was in the 3rd group of patients with cerebral stroke. Most often, the death of patients with cerebral stroke occurred from the development of multiple organ disorders. Conclusions: patients over 70 years of age have the greatest risk of death, due to: a decrease in the reactivity of the body, the presence of initially severe concomitant somatic pathology in patients with admission to hospital; accession of secondary somatic and purulent‑septic complications.


Author(s):  
Max Ullrich ◽  
David S. Strong

How undergraduate engineering students define their success and plan for their future differs notably amongst students. With a push for greater diversity and inclusion in engineering schools, it is valuable to also better understand the differences in these areas among different students to allow institutions to better serve the needs of these diverse groups.  The purpose of this research study is to explore students’ definition of success both in the present and projecting forward 5 to 10 years, as well as to understand to what level students reflect on, and plan for, the future. The proposed survey instrument for the pilot stage of this research includes 56 closed-ended questions and 3 open-ended questions. Evidence for the validity of the research instrument is established through a mixed-method pilot study. This paper will discuss the survey instrument, the pilot study, and outline plans for the full study.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Sehail Younis

This preliminary study attempts to link among the critical success factors on overall project success in public sector organizations in Pakistan.  In this study it’s reflected that major critical success factors (soundness of Business & workforce, planning & control, quality performance and past performance) can enhance the success of the project in Pakistan.  The purpose of this preliminary study was to verify the reliability of the survey instrument which has been used in European countries. It was found that the planning & control was the highest Cronbach Alpha value, while the ranged for each constructs in the present study from 0.68 to 0.88.  Therefore, based on the Cronbach alpha value score, the proposed survey instrument has fulfilled the basic requirement of a valid instrument.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-140
Author(s):  
Jamie Heintz Benson ◽  
John R Slate ◽  
George W Moore ◽  
Cynthia Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Frederick C Lunenburg

In this investigation, the academic performance of students in special education who received between 1 to 30 days, between 31-60, and more than 60 days in a Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placement and had STAAR Reading Level I: Unsatisfactory, STAAR Reading Level II: Satisfactory, STAAR Reading Level II: Phase-In Satisfactory, and STAAR Reading Level III: Advanced standard during the 2012-2013 through 2015-2016 school years were determined. In each of these four school years, the percentage of students in special education who received Disciplinary Alternative Education Program placement and had Unsatisfactory Standard performance on the STAAR Reading exam consistently increased for all grades except for Grade 4. The percentage of students who had Phase-In Satisfactory Standard performance on the STAAR Reading exam consistently decreased for all grades except for Grade 4. The percentages of students who had Satisfactory and Advanced Standard performance remained consistent across the four school years, never varying more than 7%. Recommendations for research and implications are discussed along with suggestions for policy and practice.


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