What Makes an Effective Psychoeducational Report? Perceptions of Teachers and Psychologists

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Fletcher ◽  
Tara Hawkins ◽  
Jenna Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Reading Level ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Teacher Report ◽  
Technical Language ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Technical Report ◽  
Grade Reading Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of Teachers

The psychoeducational report has many purposes and many readers. Given this, it is imperative that psychoeducational reports are well written, as well as acceptable to and understood by the readers. This study aimed to determine from the perspective of both teacher (report reader) and psychologist (report writer) the factors that make an effective psychoeducational report. The current study examined the effects of report style and language on satisfaction with and understanding and perceived utility of psychoeducational reports as rated by teachers and psychologists with varying degrees of experience. We expected that reports which contained a theme-based organisation and a lower grade reading level would receive significantly higher ratings of satisfaction and utility, and be understood by teachers and psychologists at significantly higher levels than reports with neither or only one of these two characteristics. Results indicated that while teachers in the present study were not more satisfied with the theme-based non-technical report and did not rate it as more useful, they did consider non-technical language easier to understand. Psychologists, in contrast, were not impacted by either variation in report style. The impact of differences between writer and reader on perceived understandability of reports is discussed.

scholarly journals Readability Level of Spanish-Language Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Audiology and Otolaryngology

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Coco ◽  
Sonia Colina ◽  
Samuel R. Atcherson ◽  
Nicole Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Grade Reading Level ◽  
Readability Level

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the readability level of the Spanish versions of several audiology- and otolaryngology-related patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and include a readability analysis of 2 translation approaches when available—the published version and a “functionalist” version—using a team-based collaborative approach including community members. Method Readability levels were calculated using the Fry Graph adapted for Spanish, as well as the Fernandez-Huerta and the Spaulding formulae for several commonly used audiology- and otolaryngology-related PROMs. Results Readability calculations agreed with previous studies analyzing audiology-related PROMs in English and demonstrated many Spanish-language PROMs were beyond the 5th grade reading level suggested for health-related materials written for the average population. In addition, the functionalist versions of the PROMs yielded lower grade-level (improved) readability levels than the published versions. Conclusion Our results suggest many of the Spanish-language PROMs evaluated here are beyond the recommended readability levels and may be influenced by the approach to translation. Moreover, improved readability may be possible using a functionalist approach to translation. Future analysis of the suitability of outcome measures and the quality of their translations should move beyond readability and include an evaluation of the individual's comprehension of the written text.

scholarly journals Health care and social media: What patients really understand

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Hoedebecke ◽  
Lindsey Beaman ◽  
Joy Mugambi ◽  
Sanam Shah ◽  
Marwa Mohasseb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Low Health Literacy ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Grade Reading Level

Background: Low health literacy is associated with decreased patient compliance and worse outcomes - with clinicians increasingly relying on printed materials to lower such risks. Yet, many of these documents exceed recommended comprehension levels. Furthermore, patients look increasingly to social media (SoMe) to answer healthcare questions. The character limits built into Twitter encourage users to publish small quantities of text, which are more accessible to patients with low health literacy. The present authors hypothesize that SoMe posts are written at lower grade levels than traditional medical sources, improving patient health literacy. Methods: The data sample consisted of the first 100 original tweets from three trending medical hashtags, leading to a total of 300 tweets. The Flesch-Kincaid Readability Formula (FKRF) was used to derive grade level of the tweets. Data was analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The readability scores for the data sample had a mean grade level of 9.45. A notable 47.6% of tweets were above ninth grade reading level. An independent-sample t-test comparing FKRF mean scores of different hashtags found differences between the means of the following: #hearthealth versus #diabetes (t = 3.15, p = 0.002); #hearthealth versus #migraine (t = 0.09, p = 0.9); and #diabetes versus #migraine (t = 3.4, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Tweets from this data sample were written at a mean grade level of 9.45, signifying a level between the ninth and tenth grades. This is higher than desired, yet still better than traditional sources, which have been previously analyzed. Ultimately, those responsible for health care SoMe posts must continue to improve efforts to reach the recommended reading level (between the sixth and eighth grade), so as to ensure optimal comprehension of patients.

Exploring sandbagging behaviors, effort, and perceived utility of the ImPACT Baseline Assessment in college athletes.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Schatz ◽  
R. J. Elbin ◽  
Melissa N. Anderson ◽  
Jennifer Savage ◽  
Tracey Covassin
Keyword(s):  
College Athletes ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Bladder Cancer Health Literacy: Assessing Readability of Online Patient Education Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Powell ◽  
Theodore I. Cisu ◽  
Adam P. Klausner
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Grade Reading Level

BACKGROUND: Understanding of health-related materials, termed health literacy, affects decision makings and outcomes in the treatment of bladder cancer. The National Institutes of Health recommend writing education materials at a sixth-seventh grade reading level [6]. The goal of this study is to assess readability of bladder cancer materials available online. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to characterize available information about bladder cancer online and evaluate readability. METHODS: Materials on bladder cancer were collected from the American Urological Association’s Urology Care Foundation (AUA-UCF) and compared to top 50 websites by search engine results. Resources were analyzed using four different validated readability assessment scales. The mean and standard deviation of the materials was calculated, and a two-tailed t test for used to assess for significance between the two sets of patient education materials. RESULTS: The average readability of AUA materials was 8.5 (8th–9th grade reading level). For the top 50 websites, average readability was 11.7 (11–12th grade reading level). A two-tailed t test between the AUA and top 50 websites demonstrated statistical significance between the readability of the two sets of resources (P = 0.0001), with the top search engine results being several grade levels higher than the recommended 6–7th grade reading level. CONCLUSIONS: Most health information provided by the AUA on bladder cancer is written at a reading ability that aligns with most US adults, with top websites for search engine results exceeding the average reading level by several grade levels. By focusing on health literacy, urologists may contribute lowering barriers to health literacy, improving health care expenditure and perioperative complications.

Readability of Online Patient Information Relating to Cleft Palate Surgery

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110131
Author(s):  
Christopher V. Lavin ◽  
Evan J. Fahy ◽  
Darren B. Abbas ◽  
Michelle Griffin ◽  
Nestor M. Diaz Deleon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Cleft Palate Repair ◽  
Grade Reading Level ◽  
Google Search

Objective: It is important for health care education materials to be easily understood by caretakers of children requiring craniofacial surgery. This study aimed to analyze the readability of Google search results as they pertain to “Cleft Palate Surgery” and “Palatoplasty.” Additionally, the study included a search from several locations globally to identify possible geographic differences. Design: Google searches of the terms “Cleft Palate Surgery” and “Palatoplasty” were performed. Additionally, searches of only “Cleft Palate Surgery” were run from several internet protocol addresses globally. Main Outcome Measures: Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Readability Ease, Gunning Fog Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, and Coleman-Liau Index. Results: Search results for “Cleft Palate Surgery” were easier to read and comprehend compared to search results for “Palatoplasty.” Mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level scores were 7.0 and 10.11, respectively ( P = .0018). Mean Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease scores were 61.29 and 40.71, respectively ( P = .0003). Mean Gunning Fog Index scores were 8.370 and 10.34, respectively ( P = .0458). Mean SMOG Index scores were 6.84 and 8.47, respectively ( P = .0260). Mean Coleman-Liau Index scores were 12.95 and 15.33, respectively ( P = .0281). No significant differences were found in any of the readability measures based on global location. Conclusions: Although some improvement can be made, craniofacial surgeons can be confident in the online information pertaining to cleft palate repair, regardless of where the search is performed from. The average readability of the top search results for “Cleft Palate Surgery” is around the seventh-grade reading level (US educational system) and compares favorably to other health care readability analyses.

¿Comprenderán Mis Amigos y La Familia? Analyzing Spanish Translations of Admission Materials for Latina/o Students Applying to 4-Year Institutions in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
First Year ◽  
Linguistic Capital ◽  
Undergraduate Admissions ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Grade Reading Level ◽  
Language Content

This study examines first-year undergraduate admissions materials from 325 bachelor-degree granting U.S. institutions, closely analyzing the English-language readability and Spanish-language readability and translation of these materials. Via Yosso’s linguistic capital, the results reveal 4.9% of first-year undergraduate admissions materials had been translated into Spanish, 4% of institutional admissions websites embed translation widgets, and the average readability of English-language content is above the 13th-grade reading level. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals User-centered design of discharge warnings tool for colorectal surgery patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aanand D Naik ◽  
Molly J Horstman ◽  
Linda T Li ◽  
Michael K Paasche-Orlow ◽  
Bryan Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Heuristic Evaluation ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Discharge Care ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Grade Reading Level ◽  
User Centered

Abstract Objectives: Readmission following colorectal surgery, typically due to surgery-related complications, is common. Patient-centered discharge warnings may guide recognition of early complication signs after colorectal surgery. Materials and Methods: User-centered design of a discharge warnings tool consisted of iterative health literacy review and a heuristic evaluation with human factors and clinical experts as well as patient end users to establish content validity and usability. Results: Literacy evaluation of the prototype suggested >12th-grade reading level. Subsequent revisions reduced reading level to 8th grade or below. Contents were formatted during heuristic evaluation into 3 action-oriented zones (green, yellow, and red) with relevant warning lexicons. Usability testing demonstrated comprehension of this 3-level lexicon and recognition of appropriate patient actions to take for each level. Discussion: We developed a discharge warnings tool for colorectal surgery using staged user-centered design. The lexicon of surgical discharge warnings could structure communication among patients, caregivers, and clinicians to improve post-discharge care.

A Method for Translating Technical to Nontechnical Prose

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parker H. Johnson ◽  
Judith Garrard ◽  
William Hausman
Keyword(s):  
Survey Instrument ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Reading Level ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Technical Language

To translate the technical language of a survey instrument into ordinary prose for lay readers, we developed a five-step method: 1) the technical language was standardized; 2) a nontechnical translation was produced; 3) lay readers were tested to discover what parts of the translation were unsuccessful; 4) the reading level of the translation was determined; and 5) a statistical correlation was performed to determine whether or not the translation accurately reflected the technical language. The validation measures in steps 3, 4, and 5 verified that our translation was faithful and readable.

CASE STUDY ON CIRCUMSCRIBED GLIOMAS, THEIR CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Esther Alffi Papang ◽  
K. Rama
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Impact

The histogenesis and biological behavior of primary tumors of the central nervous system(CNS) are very diverse. The majority of present gliomas as benign, slow growing lesions classied as by the WHO classicati grade I or II (Low grade gliomas) on of CNS tumors. However, a signicant fraction of gliomas develop over a short period of time and progress rapidly and are therefore classied as WHO grade III or IV(High grade gliomas). Astrocytomas are primary central nervous system tumours that can develop in adults or in children. They arise from the Astrocytes. They can be divided into diffuse that generally have a higher grade and poorer prognosis and those that are localised that tend to be of a lower grade and have a better prognosis. In this study, we outline the basic histological spectrum and features, epidemiological aspects and grade of circumscribed gliomas (localised) or other Astrocytic tumours according to WHO classication . These are the Pilocytic Astrocytoma, Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma, Subependymal giant cell Astrocytoma, Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and Anaplastic astrocytoma . The knowledge of these tumours are important as they are one of the commonest cause of mortality and morbidity in both the young and old, accounting for about 60% of the glial tumours. Therefore neuropathological diagnosis and tumour characteristics will therefore profoundly inuence the impact of treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Digital Competence in Higher Education: Students’ Perception and Personal Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12184
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
María Cruz Sánchez Gómez ◽  
Ana María Pinto Llorente ◽  
Liping Zhao
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Digital Competencies ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

University students are expected to have the appropriate digital competence to face the demands of the changing educational model and to meet the challenges of the future work. This paper describes university students’ perceptions of digital competence and analyzes the impact of personal factors on digital competence in a sample of 5164 students from all majors in the first and fourth year of their studies at Gansu Agricultural University (China). A quantitative methodology was followed, employing a non-experimental method and the survey technique to collect data. The results obtained show that students’ perceptions of digital competencies in terms of information and data literacy, communication and collaboration, and safety were positive. Furthermore, there were significant differences in students’ self-perceptions of digital competence related to gender, grade level, area of residence, and prior relevant training in the DigComp framework-based instrument. The development of key competency areas for digital competence, such as the creation of digital content, should be promoted, along with helping students to gain knowledge when dealing with everyday technological issues. The need for training related to the use of ICT and digital competencies was also highlighted, as well as supporting the promotion of female students in selected areas of digital competence and assisting lower grade students and students from rural areas in digital competence development.

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