scholarly journals Determinants of trust in government in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-351
Author(s):  
Luis Rene Caceres
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Social Expenditures ◽  
Latin American Countries

The objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of trust in government in the Latin American countries, using a cross section of average labor market and social data of the 2007-2012 period. The methodology consists of the estimation of equations based on the application of Phillips and Hansen’s cointegration least squares, using as independent variables labor market indicators, as well as those associated with public expenditures, institutional quality and others. The emphasis of this paper is to study the association between trust in government and economic and social variables. Results show that while inequality is an important determinant of trust in government, the rates of female self employment and quality employment have positive and negative impacts on trust in government. Male self and quality employment have no impacts. Citizens’ perception that government is committed to combat poverty leads to increased trust in government. This is a topic that has not received attention in the literature.The main limitation of this study is the reduced size of the sample of 18 observations. It is concluded that increasing social expenditures and reducing inequality would be conducive to higher levels of trust in the government in the Latin American countries.

scholarly journals Smart Regulation in times of COVID 19: An introspective preliminary analysis for its application in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-164
Author(s):  
Jennifer Vanessa Zaldumbide Vaca ◽  
Angie Nathaly Santacruz Mediavilla ◽  
Pamela Fernanda Heredia Pazmiño
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Smart Regulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
First World ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Fundamental Entity

Better regulation is a public policy that governments implement to improve the quality of life of their citizens. These policies bring significant benefits to all market players, among the most palpable are innovation, administrative simplification, a clear commitment by the government, and competitiveness. A fundamental entity for the development of this type of regulation is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), whose main objective is to create policies that improve the quality of life of citizens around the world. Among the members of this organization are first world countries such as the United States and Spain, as well as third world Latin American countries such as Mexico and Colombia, whose government administration serves as a model for the Ecuadorian people. It is because, without considering that their economies are not as large, developed, and stable, they have managed with the commitment, perseverance, and responsibility to be supported by this international institution. Nowadays, the problem of over and deregulation that has remained in Ecuador. Since the beginning of its history, it serves as an axis of study to propose the implementation of regulatory improvement within its political system. In order do this, it must be considering the principles of governance, proper preparation for its application, and the professionalism of all market players.

Research Productivity and International Collaboration: A Study of Ecuadorian Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Castillo ◽  
Michael A. Powell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Latin American Countries

Ecuador’s research output relative to other Latin American countries has been low historically; however, over the last 10 years, the government has put various policies in place to help remedy this situation. This is an analysis of Ecuadorian research productivity from 2006 to 2015. The scientific productivity of Ecuador has increased 5.16 times over the past years, exceeding Latin American growth. Over 80% of Ecuadorian publications include international collaboration mainly with the United States and some European and Latin American countries.

Venezuelan early election call raises a range of risks

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Latin American Countries

Significance On January 23, Venezuela’s National Constituent Assembly (ANC) called for presidential elections to be brought forward to before April 30. The move has exacerbated an already fraught political situation and undermined dialogue between the government and opposition parties. Impacts US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson will visit Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Peru and Jamaica from February 1; Venezuela is a key issue. Oil sanctions would have a catastrophic effect on ordinary Venezuelans; Latin American countries are unlikely to come on board. US President Donald Trump’s State of the Union speech today will be scrutinised for what he says (or does not say) about Venezuela.

International Monetary Fund

1961 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-712
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
United States Dollar ◽  
Capital Movements ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

On June 7, 1961, it was announced that the International Monetary Fund had entered into a stand-by arrangement authorizing the government of Ecuador to draw up to $10 million in currencies held by the Fund during the following twelve months. Then, on July 19 the Fund announced that it had concurred in the establishment of a new par value for Ecuador's currency, accompanied by a simplification of the country's exchange system. The par value as of that date was changed from 15 to 18 sucres per United States dollar, and Ecuador discontinued most of its multiple rate practices. Under the new system at least 90 percent of all trade and trade-connected transactions, including the export of such major products as bananas, coffee and cacao, was to be conducted within one percent either side of parity, while a small free market with a fluctuating rate, mainly for nonessential invisible transactions and unregistered capital transactions, was to continue to operate, chiefly as a means of controlling capital movements. During the period under review the Fund also entered into stand-by agreements wkh other Latin American countries. On July 14, 1961, the Fund announced a one-year stand-by arrangement with the government of El Salvador authorizing drawings in an amount equivalent to $11.25 million. The Fund's assistance was designed to help to support the country's reserve position and ensure the continued convertibility of its currency while measures were being adopted to improve El Salvador's internal situation through appropriate fiscal and monetary policies.

scholarly journals Causes and Consequences of Idle Youth in Guatemala

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Luis Rene Cáceres
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Latin American Countries

This paper analyzes the causes and consequences of the percentage of the youth population that is not working, in school or in traning, Neets, in Guatemala. The study rests on the estimation of regression equations that explain the percentage of Neet population in terms of variables associated with the labor market; other set of equations were estimated to assess the role that Neets have in the Guatemalan economy. The data employed was taken from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. The results indicate that the percentage of female and male Neets decrease as the credit to the private sector increase; said percentage increases with the increase of the deficit in the trade balance and with the increase in youth unemployment. Another result is that the Neet population exert negative impacts on the employment to population ratio and on the rate of economic growth. These results are augmented by the analisis of the relationships existing between the percentages of Neets and economic growth, the number of homicides and the number of persons that are incarcerated using a cross section of 2010 data from 13 Latin American countries. The results presented in the paper should motivate policy makers in Guatemala and other countries to design and implement policies geared towards preventing that youth become Neets.

scholarly journals Sectorial specialisation in East Asia and Latin America compared

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELA MIOZZO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Latin American ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT East Asian countries have been successful at specialising in machinery and capital goods. Latin American countries, on the other hand, have retreated from these sectors, reinforcing their specialisation in resource-intensive goods. Institutional arrangements in place in both regions explain these divergences. In particular, the differences in the strategy and structure of leading firms, the nature of industrial promotion by the government, the development and support of small and medium-sized firms and the operation of foreign-owned firms may explain the respective success and failure in sectoral specialisation in machinery. Failure to develop these sectors may hinder the process of economic development.

scholarly journals The Brazilian Economy in the 1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Antonio Jorge Fernandes ◽  
Margarete Arbugeri ◽  
Nilton Formiga
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Lost Decade ◽  
Positive Evolution ◽  
Latin American Countries

Known as a lost decade, the 1980s marked several events in Brazil and other Latin American countries. Such events had a profound impact not only on the economy but also on Brazilian democracy. The Brazilian economy in the 1980s went through one of the most serious crises in its history, which resulted in the stagnation of gross domestic product and unprecedented inflation rates. Despite this critical economic situation, social indicators showed positive evolution. It was shown that, although Brazilian families adopted as a strategy to face this crisis the overuse of family work force in the labor market, the evolution of income and poverty in this period was unfavorable.

scholarly journals INVOLVEMENT OF THE POPULATION IN SOLVING LOCAL ISSUES: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Nikita Vadimovich Boev ◽  
Alexander Yakovlevich Trotskovsky
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The Government ◽  
Latin American Countries

The article defines initiative budgeting — the Russian version of the participatory budgeting method widely known abroad, which appeared in the late 1980s in Porto Alegre (Brazil). The emergence of participatory budgeting was a response to the need for citizens and government representatives to work together in solving urban problems. The successful experience of Porto Alegre first began to be replicated in Brazil, and then in other Latin American countries. As a result, participatory budgeting began to spread around the world. In Russia, the most common practice of initiative budgeting was the program for supporting local initiatives, which was launched in the Stavropol territory, demonstrating the possibility of actually involving citizens in solving local issues and improving the quality of the dialogue between the government and the population, increasing citizens «satisfaction with local government procedures and trust in them. The paper presents the experience of participation of the Altai territory in the practice of initiative budgeting, which is considered by the authors in the context of modern concepts of regional research and formation of strategies for territorial development.

Mexico's weak GDP growth will outlast Pena Nieto

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Economic Outlook

Subject GDP growth shows no sign of improving in the short-term. Significance In its most recent update to its World Economic Outlook, the IMF lowered its forecast for Mexico's 2016 GDP growth to 2.4% from 2.6% foreseen in January. This figure compares well with other Latin American countries -- notably Brazil and Venezuela -- yet it marks the continuation of a trend of meagre expansion that has characterised President Enrique Pena Nieto's time in office despite his efforts to introduce economic reforms. Impacts Further reform to encourage greater flexibility in the labour market will be key to increasing small business productivity. Low growth and a lack of prospects for the young will feed into Mexico's rising crime rates. The lack of growth could become a severe problem for the government both directly and indirectly in the 2018 election.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document