Smart Way to Nutritional Security in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
YASIN JESHIMA KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

In the changing climatic conditions and global scenario, in a continued green revolution; we have already accomplished food security and is legal through food security bill. Whereas, Systematic Management of Agricultural Resources and Technology (SMART) is the only way to nutritional security. India started breathing for agriculture with 30 Crore people (300 million) in the 1950's when we faced a huge food shortage and had to receive food under PL 480 agreement with the United States. Farmers brought us up from a net importer of food grains in 1950s, to an exporter; a huge jump. Whereas now again there is a shortage for pulses and oilseeds though we are having enough of cereals. What went wrong? We do have sufficient genetic diversity, we do have high yielding varieties, we have farmer supporting systems, but we were not SMART enough. Indian agriculture has registered impressive growth over last few decades with the same momentum of continued green revolution. Recent past has registered highest production levels in horticultural and fishery, animal husbandry products. The food grain production has increased from 51 million tonnes (MT) in 1950-51 to 265.57 MT during 2013-14 highest ever since independence. Even during 1950's we were the largest producers and exporters of many agricultural produce. At present, we have lost the first places in production of so many crops to our neighbours. It need not to be a monopoly but we should know our potential and at least to maintain the production level rather than giveup. So wise is the farmer, rich will be our nation. Hence, come on farmers raise up! We are your dependants! Self sufficiency has to be counted from the root level. If not at the level of an individual farmer, it should be from villages. A village should produce its needs starting from solar energy to food grain, milk, vegetables and feeds reducing the burden on transport and transportation loss. There is lack of 'we-feeling' or 'togetherness' in farm villages which cannot be created but can be inculcated in their minds for a better livelihood.

‘Green revolution’ dwarf gene sd1 of rice has gigantic impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 390-409
Author(s):  
Vikram Singh Gaur ◽  
Giresh Channappa ◽  
Mridul Chakraborti ◽  
Tilak Raj Sharma ◽  
Tapan Kumar Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Dwarf Gene ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal that has fed the world over a longer period. Before green revolution, cultivated rice is believed to have consisted of thousands of landraces each adapted to its specific climatic conditions by surviving against different abiotic and biotic selection pressure. However, owing to the low yield, photo-period sensitivity, late maturity and sensitivity to lodging of these landraces grown world-wide, serious concerns of impending global food crisis was felt during the 1960s because of (i) unprecedented increase of the population and (ii) concomitant decline in the cultivable land. Fortunately, high-yielding varieties developed through the introgression of the semi-dwarf1 gene (popularly known as sd1) during the 1960s led to significant increments in the food grain production that averted the apprehensions of nearing famine. This historical achievement having deep impact in the global agriculture is popularly referred as ‘Green Revolution.’ In this paper, we reviewed, its genetics as well as molecular regulations, evolutionary relationship with orthologous genes from other cereals as well as pseudo-cereals and attempted to provide an up-to-date information about its introgression to different rice cultivars of the world.

scholarly journals Zero Budget Natural Farming in India: Aiming Back to the Basics

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-52
Author(s):  
Saikat Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Inadequate Information ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Natural Farming

Crisis of Indian agriculture is very pertinent at this moment as green revolution is gradually losing its hope. Excessive, pointless exploitation of broods of green revolution has left bad footprints on country’s food security and environmental safety. With the motto to ensure food security by reviving Indian agriculture in environmentally safe way as well as to release farmers from debt cycle and suicides, zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) has come in the picture, which discards uses of all the chemical farming inputs and relies on natural way of farming i.e. rejuvenating soil and crop health through its own practices (Jivamrita, Bijamrita, mulching, soil aeration, intercropping, crop diversification, bunds, bio-pesticides etc.). ZBNF movement right now is the most popular agrarian movement which begun in 2002 in Karnataka and later successfully spread in many states (specially, of South India) of the nation through numbers of trainings, demonstrations and various promotional activities. Successful outcomes from farmers’ fields of south Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka etc. are encouraging and grabbing attention of farmers, public and private organisations towards ZBNF in recent times. Yet, various controversies regarding its transparency,      inadequate information, efficacy, practices, idealisms, even the term ‘zero budget’ etc. have agglutinated around ZBNF over the years since it debuted. Critics in fact have cited several references of drastic yield reductions with ZBNF practices in many places. Adequate scientific evaluation or monitoring of ZBNF’s successes or failures through multi-locational trials is now therefore the needful before allowing or restraining its run in Indian agriculture.

scholarly journals Climate Smart Crops for Food Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Bin Mushtaq ◽  
Iqra Farooq ◽  
Zulqurnain Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Past

After ensuring the food security for over 50 years, the green revolution is eventually reaching its biological limits which are very much reflected by the ongoing stagnancy in yield increased over the past few decades. Meeting the increasing food demands due to increasing population is the greatest challenge for today’s plant scientists. Changing climatic conditions are posing additional threats to crop growth, productivity and yield. After successfully deploying gene editing to modify simple traits, scientists are now embarked on more ambitious adventures in genomics to combat challenges of food security in the wake of increasing population and climate change adversaries. The chapter outlines use of new technologies in tailoring crops beyond simple traits aiming to harvest the desired diversity lost during domestication and manipulating complex traits, which evolved over evolutionary timescale with special emphasis on the development of climate smart crops.

Trading virtual water between Bangladesh and India: a politico-economic dilemma

Water Policy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saila Parveen ◽  
I. M. Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Cultivable Land ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Economic Considerations

The extent of virtual water trade and its significance for the food security of Bangladesh have been examined in the light of political and socio-economic considerations that govern the food grain trade between Bangladesh and India. It has been shown that while there are no physical constraints preventing such a trade, prevailing political relations, market conditions, agricultural and food policies, the state of the economies and climatic conditions may play important roles in determining the extent of trade. In the context of rapid population growth and potential future shortage of cultivable land and irrigation water in the dry season, the paper suggests that food security may be redefined as “food self-reliance” instead of “food self-sufficiency”.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis for Yield and Its Component Characters in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shobanadevi ◽  
R. Elangaimannan ◽  
K. Vadivel
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Seed Yield ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is an important pulse crop occupying a unique position in Indian agriculture. Blackgram provides a major share of the protein requirement of the vegetarian population of the country. The crop is resistant to adverse climatic conditions and improves the soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. Phenotypically stable genotypes are of great importance because the environmental conditions vary from season to season and year to year. Stable performance of blackgram genotypes across contrasting environments is essential for the successful selection of stable and high yielding varieties. Methods: A total of seven genotypes of blackgram were evaluated one season (Rabi - 2019) in three environments to study the G x E interaction for three traits.Result: Based on the stability analysis of Eberhart and Russell model, two genotypes viz., MDU 1 and NRIB 002 were found to be stable across the environments for seed yield. These genotypes had high seed yield with a unity regression coefficient and deviation from regression equal to zero.

scholarly journals Can we have an Organised Sustainable Agriculture System that can Ensure Food Security in Over Populated India? - An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Agriculture practices vary from place to place. Even concepts and methodologies need to be changed, taking in to consideration a region`s ecosystem peculiarities and socio-economic aspects. From time to time decisions are taken by the concerned focusing on the problem on hand, ignoring or not worrying about repercussions of any decisions taken to overcome the problem on hand. At a later stage when setbacks of significant nature crop up critics pounce on the decisions taken earlier, forgetting decisions and execution mechanisms do change with time and our focus should be to take steps that can improve the situation, instead of wasting our energies in finding reasons for spilled milk. Green Revolution was hailed in India for bailing us out of a tricky situation in 1960s and 1970s.In the process the introduction of chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides led to deterioration of soil fertility and overall environmental degradation. While there is a definite necessity to improve our soil fertility and proper usage of depleted water resources, it is essential to take up any steps that can help India as a single entity and not a disjointed forty and odd independent segments. Stringent measures are needed to ensure proper Food Grain production and distribution, eliminating various bottlenecks. This aspect is detailed explicitly in the present article. Food Security, in its real sense, can be achieved only when affordable nutritious food is available to one and all. If mal nutrition continues to exist India cannot achieve sustainable Food Security. India needs to address this basic aspect in a focused way. At the same time it has to be vigilant in meeting World Trade Organisation (WTO) requisites to overcome unpleasant criticism by WTO fellow members. A detailed overview of this aspect along with steps needed to overcome bottle necks using viable area specific low cost technology is covered in this article.

Rice Cultures of Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Debal Deb
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Food Cultures ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

An estimated 15,000 folk landraces of rice are reported to have been cultivated in undivided Bengal in the 1940s. With the advent of the Green Revolution, a handful of high-yielding varieties (HYVs) replaced, and continue to replace, thousands of traditional farmer varieties (also called “landraces”). In the 1970s, the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute documented a total of 12,479 names, including synonyms. In West Bengal, the recorded number of landraces cultivated before the 1970s is 5,556 (Deb 2005, 2019a). Most of these old landraces of Bengal, from both sides of the international border, are now available in only a few gene banks, no longer cultivated in the region. The loss of the thousands of rice landraces from farm fields entails the erosion of a vast body of folk knowledge pertaining to the distinctive properties of different varieties, derangement of local food cultures, and food insecurity for poor and marginal farmers, who no longer have the stock of landraces fine-tuned to local soil and climatic conditions, nor are able to buy the costly inputs. Just as the traditional rice fabric of the Philippines has disappeared with the extinction of the special rice variety that yielded the fiber, many of the culinary delicacies and the cultural significance of many rituals have vanished with the disappearance of special rice varieties throughout Bengal. Moreover, the loss of traditional knowledge associated with folk rice varieties, together with the abolition of the tradition of seed exchange within communities, has disintegrated the communitarian ethos among Bengali farmers, who are now dependent on external agencies for the supply of seeds, machinery, and knowledge.

Green revolution: preparing for the 21st century

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurdev S Khush
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Food Grain ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

In the 1960s there were large-scale concerns about the world's ability to feed itself. However, widespread adoption of "green revolution" technology led to major increases in food-grain production. Between 1966 and 1990, the population of the densely populated low-income countries grew by 80%, but food production more than doubled. The technological advance that led to the dramatic achievements in world food production over the last 30 years was the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice. These varieties are responsive to fertilizer inputs, are lodging resistant, and their yield potential is 2-3 times that of varieties available prior to the green revolution. In addition, these varieties have multiple resistance to diseases and insects and thus have yield stability. The development of irrigation facilities, the availability of inorganic fertilizers, and benign government policies have all facilitated the adoption of green-revolution technology. In the 1990s, the rate of growth in food-grain production has been lower than the rate of growth in population. If this trend is not reversed, serious food shortages will occur in the next century. To meet the challenge of feeding 8 billion people by 2020, we have to prepare now and develop the technology for raising farm productivity. We have to develop cereal cultivars with higher yield potential and greater yield stability. We must also develop strategies for integrated nutrient management, integrated pest management, and efficient utilization of water and soil resources.Key words: food security, environmental sustainability, high-yielding varieties, yield potential, yield stability.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПИЩЕВОГО БЕЛКОВО-ЖИРОВОГО БАЛАНСА И СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Labor Resources

В 2018 году дефицит белка и жиров животного происхождения в питании населения России составил 11,8 и 5,5, соответственно. Продолжает оставаться высокой импортозависимость по белку животного происхождения на уровне 10,3, по животным жирам 8,8. Интенсификация развития животноводства соответствует стратегической цели социального развития и повышения жизненного уровня населения нашей страны на ближайшую и отдаленную перспективы. В соответствии с Доктриной продовольственной безопасности взят курс на наиболее полное обеспечение и улучшение структуры питания людей за счет роста потребления ценной в питательном отношении молочномясной продукции собственного производства. Россия располагает всеми необходимыми условиями и имеет реальные предпосылки полностью решить проблему обеспечения населения животными жирами и пищевым белком животного происхождения, но с каждым годом усложняется ситуация с трудовыми ресурсами на селе.In 2018, the deficit of protein and animal fats at the diet of Russian population was 11.8 and 5.5, respectively. High import dependence on animal protein remains at the level of 10.3, and on animal fats 8.8. Intensification of animal husbandry corresponds to the strategy of social development and improvement of living standards of countryside population in near and longterm period. In accordance with the Food Security Doctrine it was taken the course on the most complete provision and improving the structure of peoples diet due to increasing in the consumption of valuable dairy and meat products of own production. Our country has all the necessary conditions and has real prerequisites for fully solving the problem of providing the population with animal fats and protein, but every year the situation with the labor resources in rural areas becomes more complicated.

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