scholarly journals Effects of Circadian Rhythm on Migraine Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Yulia Salamatova DO ◽  
◽  
Andreja Packard MD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles of physical, mental, and behavioral changes regulated and maintained by the internal primary circadian clock, however modifiable by a number of external cues or “zeitgebers”, the most powerful one being light. Core set of clock genes regulate the whole-body metabolism and transcription of over 40% of mammalian RNA, including that for drug transporters, binding and metabolizing proteins responsible for regulation of pharmacokinetics of vast array of medications. Growing amount of evidence also shows circadian rhythmicity of a number of patho-physiological processes, such as are migraine, chronic pain, and epilepsy, suggesting amenability to chronotherapy. Chronotherapy involves behavioral and pharmacological strategies to restore or correct ill-functioning circadian rhythm as well as manipulation of standardized treatments throughout the day to maximize therapeutic and minimize side effects, termed chronopharmacology. Chronotherapy for chronic migraines and headache variants using synchronization techniques as well as chronopharmacology of abortive and preventive migraine medications is being actively researched. In this review, we summarize current state of chronotherapy for headache variants and discuss future prospects in circadian optimization of migraine headaches treatment.

scholarly journals Estrogen: An Emerging Regulator of Insulin Action and Mitochondrial Function

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisha A. Gupte ◽  
Henry J. Pownall ◽  
Dale J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Current State ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

Clinical trials and animal studies have revealed that loss of circulating estrogen induces rapid changes in whole body metabolism, fat distribution, and insulin action. The metabolic effects of estrogen are mediated primarily by its receptor, estrogen receptor-α; however, the detailed understanding of its mechanisms is incomplete. Recent investigations suggest that estrogen receptor-αelicits the metabolic effects of estrogen by genomic, nongenomic, and mitochondrial mechanisms that regulate insulin signaling, substrate oxidation, and energetics. This paper reviews clinical and experimental studies on the mechanisms of estrogen and the current state of knowledge regarding physiological and pathobiological influences of estrogen on metabolism.

Adipokines as key players in β cell function and failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2317-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Banoy ◽  
James C. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

Abstract The growing prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic diseases, mainly Type 2 diabetes (T2D), has increased the interest in adipose tissue (AT) and its role as a principal metabolic orchestrator. Two decades of research have now shown that ATs act as an endocrine organ, secreting soluble factors termed adipocytokines or adipokines. These adipokines play crucial roles in whole-body metabolism with different mechanisms of action largely dependent on the tissue or cell type they are acting on. The pancreatic β cell, a key regulator of glucose metabolism due to its ability to produce and secrete insulin, has been identified as a target for several adipokines. This review will focus on how adipokines affect pancreatic β cell function and their impact on pancreatic β cell survival in disease contexts such as diabetes. Initially, the “classic” adipokines will be discussed, followed by novel secreted adipocyte-specific factors that show therapeutic promise in regulating the adipose–pancreatic β cell axis.

scholarly journals Remote sensing of sun-induced chlorophyll-a fluorescence in inland and coastal waters: Current state and future prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 112482
Author(s):  
Remika S. Gupana ◽  
Daniel Odermatt ◽  
Ilaria Cesana ◽  
Claudia Giardino ◽  
Ladislav Nedbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals The role of adiponectin in periodontitis: Current state and future prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 111358
Author(s):  
Zhaodan Wang ◽  
Zehao Chen ◽  
Fuchun Fang ◽  
Wei Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Future Prospects ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Circadian Clock Genes and Myocardial Infarction Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ivana Škrlec ◽  
Jasminka Talapko ◽  
Martina Juzbašić ◽  
Robert Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Significant Difference

The growing body of evidence shows a significant difference in the circadian rhythm of cardiovascular disease based on biological sex. The incidence of cardiovascular disease varies between women and men. Additionally, biological sex is vital for the timely application of therapy—chronotherapy, which benefits both sexes. This study aimed to examine the potential difference of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the circadian rhythm genes ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY2 and PER2 in women and men with myocardial infarction. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 200 patients with myocardial infarction. Altogether, ten single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY2 and PER2 genes were analyzed. The Chi-square test yielded statistically significant differences in CLOCK gene rs11932595 polymorphism in a recessive genotype model between women and men with a p-value of 0.03 and an odds ratio 2.66, and a corresponding 95% confidence interval of 1.07 to 6.66. Other analyzed polymorphisms of the circadian rhythm genes ARNTL, CRY2, and PER2 did not significantly differ between the sexes. According to the study’s current results, the CLOCK gene’s genetic variability might affect myocardial infarction concerning biological sex.

scholarly journals Alteration of circadian machinery in monocytes underlies chronic kidney disease-associated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Yoshida ◽  
Naoya Matsunaga ◽  
Takaharu Nakao ◽  
Kengo Hamamura ◽  
Hideaki Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Clock Protein

AbstractDysfunction of the circadian clock has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. The CLOCK protein is a core molecular component of the circadian oscillator, so that mice with a mutated Clock gene (Clk/Clk) exhibit abnormal rhythms in numerous physiological processes. However, here we report that chronic kidney disease (CKD)-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis are attenuated in Clk/Clk mice even though they have high blood pressure and increased serum angiotensin II levels. A search for the underlying cause of the attenuation of heart disorder in Clk/Clk mice with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) led to identification of the monocytic expression of G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68) as a risk factor of CKD-induced inflammation and fibrosis of heart. 5/6Nx induces the expression of GPR68 in circulating monocytes via altered CLOCK activation by increasing serum levels of retinol and its binding protein (RBP4). The high-GPR68-expressing monocytes have increased potential for producing inflammatory cytokines, and their cardiac infiltration under CKD conditions exacerbates inflammation and fibrosis of heart. Serum retinol and RBP4 levels in CKD patients are also sufficient to induce the expression of GPR68 in human monocytes. Our present study reveals an uncovered role of monocytic clock genes in CKD-induced heart failure.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism–related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haihui Zhuang ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Timo Törmäkangas ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Ojanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

AbstractAerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and compared the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT) at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months of age, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months of age. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on the ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The effects of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction were studied via regression analysis. Our results showed that high aerobic capacity is associated with an accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in muscle and serum at rest, which is likely due to more efficient leucine catabolism in muscle. With aging, several amino acids were downregulated in muscle, indicating more efficient amino acid metabolism, whereas in WAT less efficient amino acid metabolism and decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation were observed. Our results further revealed that high aerobic capacity and aging interactively affect lipid metabolism in muscle and WAT, possibly combating unfavorable aging-related changes in whole body metabolism. Our results highlight the significant role of WAT metabolism for healthy aging.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document