scholarly journals The Use of Sulfur Waste to Protect Against Corrosion of Metal Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Mariusz KSIĄŻEK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Metal Implants ◽  
Biocompatible Material ◽  
Quartz Dust

Metal parts of endoprosthesis have a detrimental effect on the bones that come into contact with them and on the entire body of the patient. Coating them with biocompatible layers (hydroxyapatite and bioglass) has not yet brought about permanent results. In this study, the author showed the possibility of using a binder containing sulfur waste for this purpose. The sulfur binder is used industrially in electrical engineering and construction applications. The chemical properties of elemental sulfur indicate that it is a biocompatible material. Previous studies on rats have shown that sulfur binder is a biocompatible material. A steel surgical nail covered with sulfur waste, placed in a sheep's femur, showed excellent stabilization by adhering bone tissue to the composite layer. From the results, it is convinced that the composite made of sulfur waste creates new possibilities in the field of production of biocomposites for surgical applications. The prepared biocomposite composition was sulfur waste-69.5%, mineral quartz dust-30%, and technical soot-0.5%. There is no information on similar studies in the world literature. So far, sulfur waste has been used in the electrical and construction industries. The literature shows that no researcher has used sulfur waste in biocomposites. So, the current study is a pioneering experimental study in this area.

scholarly journals Managment of sulphur fertilizer in forage sorghum crop cultivated in eutrophic Cambisol with alkaline pH

2019 ◽  
pp. 1258-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Henrique Ferreira Matos Castañon ◽  
Boanerges Freire de Aquino ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim Silva ◽  
Izabel Maria Almeida Lima ◽  
Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sulphur Fertilizer ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of soil fertilization with sulfur-based fertilizers, sulfate and elemental sulfur forms on biomass production, nutrient characteristics of sorghum and soil chemical properties. The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (four sulfur sources: single superphosphate, agricultural gypsum, elemental sulfur powder and elemental sulfur granulated with bentonite, and four sulfur doses: 0, 40, 80, 120 mgdm-3) using four replications in a completely randomized design, being cultivated in pots under greenhouse conditions. The sorghum was cultivated for a period of 51 days after emergence of the seedlings. The shoot dry mass, shoot macronutrients content, root and soil and pH of the soil were evaluated. There were interactions between sources and sulfur doses in the variables such as shoot dry mass, sulfur in the root, sulfur and calcium in the soil. Elemental sulfur (granulate) showed lower concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur and N:S ratio in the shoot. The concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium did not show significant differences, both for the shoot and the root. The pH of the soil was reduced depending on the sources and doses of elemental sulfur. The sources and doses of sulfur did not influence the levels of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the soil. The elemental sulfur in the form of powder is the best source of sulfur for forage sorghum cultivated in soil with alkaline pH.

Evaluation of Bioconcentration of Organophosphate Pesticides Monocrotophos and Quinalphos in Freshwater Fish Channa striatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Jacob Chandy ◽  
Ann Jacob ◽  
Somi Cherian
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticides ◽  
Channa Striatus ◽  
Bioconcentration Factors ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Fish Gill ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
National Water

Fish bioconcentration factors (BCF) are used for the prediction of the environmental effects of new chemicals and some studies have suggested that they can be predicted from the Physico-chemical properties of the chemical. The rigorous use of pesticides resulted in the dispersal and persistence of pollutants throughout the ecosystem. Pesticides contamination in the aquatic ecosystem has become one of the most staggering issues due to their detrimental effect on public health and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the bioconcentration factor of pesticides monocrotophos and quinalphos in three tissues (skin, muscles, gills) of the fish Channa striatus for 21 days, of the three analyzed tissues of monocrotophos exposed fish, gill accumulated highest concentration of (0.033 mg kg-1) while muscles (0.012 mg kg-1) at the lowest, whereas the concentration of quinalphos was maximum (0.98mg kg-1) in liver and minimum (0.074 mg kg-1) in muscle. Results showed that the effect of pesticide differs from tissue to tissue. However, the levels exceeded maximum detection limits as recommended by U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver, Colo.  Hence it is suggested that the fish containing pesticide residues beyond permissible limit should be avoided for food purposes.

Bone growth to metal implants is regulated by their surface chemical properties

Biomaterials ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hazan ◽  
R. Brener ◽  
U. Oron
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Chemical ◽  
Metal Implants

AMELIORATION OF A CALCAREOUS SOLONETZIC SOIL BY IRRIGATION, DEEP RIPPING, AND ACIDIFICATION WITH ELEMENTAL SULFUR

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. BOLE
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Irrigation Season ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Thiobacillus Thioparus ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Soil Sulfur

The effect of leaching, deep ripping, and acidification by bacterial oxidation of elemental sulfur on the amelioration of a calcareous Solonetzic soil over four seasons was investigated by measuring changes in soil chemical properties, infiltration, and crop yields. Weekly applications of 12–25 mm of irrigation water for 9 wk in 1981 and 11 wk in 1982 leached over half of the soluble salts from the surface 60 cm of a Solonetzic soil. Sodium was more readily leached than Ca + Mg so that the SAR was reduced from more than 20 to less than 10 throughout the surface 60 cm. Further amelioration resulted from normal irrigation practices consisting of three 4-h applications of 50–60 mm of water in 1983 and 1984. Ripping with a subsoiler to a depth of 50–60 cm did not significantly affect the reclamation but the surface infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity remained higher 3.5 yr after tillage compared with the control. Oxidation of elemental S (3.3 t ha−1) applied in 1981 resulted in a decrease in pH of the surface 15 cm of soil from 7.2 to 5.3 after two irrigation seasons. Naturally occurring lime was dissolved by the S treatment, increasing the soluble Ca + Mg and total salts and decreasing the SAR. These effects were no longer evident after the 1984 irrigation season. Yields of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Johnston’) were not affected by the tillage or S treatments. Key words: Solonetzic soil, sulfur, deep ripping, tillage, Thiobacillus thioparus, irrigation

Effect of Elemental Sulfur on Corrosion in Sour Gas Systems

CORROSION ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Liquid States ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The corrosive interaction of wet elemental sulfur with construction materials is reviewed, emphasizing effects of alloy composition (carbon steels, ferritic steels, austenitic steels, ferritic-austenitic [duplex] steels, Ni- and Co-base alloys, and titanium and its alloys), medium composition (salts, partial pressures of H2S and CO2, and acetic acid), and environmental conditions (temperature 20 to 250°C, stress). A summary of relevant physical and chemical properties of elemental sulfur is given to provide the fundamental basis for the understanding of sulfur corrosion. The different corrosion mechanisms found in the literature are critically discussed. Considering all data available, a mechanism is proposed explaining the electrochemical role of sulfur in the (physically) dissolved, solid, and liquid states. Methods for corrosion protection are outlined for carbon steels and corrosion-resistant alloys (CRA).

Reaction of Elemental Sulfur and Mercaptobenzothiazole

1956 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1369-1372
Author(s):  
G. A. Blokh ◽  
E. A. Golubkova ◽  
G. P. Miklukhin
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Intermediate Compound ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Fact ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Vulcanization Process

Abstract One of the most important problems in the field of the physics and chemistry of rubber is that of vulcanization. Until now no single theory has been established, which elucidates the complex physico-chemical changes which occur during this process. Still more obscure has been the mechanism of the action of vulcanization accelerators, which, as is well known, not only reduce the time and the temperature of vulcanization, but also influence the physico-mechanical and chemical properties of the rubber. Most investigators have assumed that in the acceleration process a reaction with sulfur converts it to an active form which is capable of bringing about vulcanization at a lower temperature and at a greater rate, than with ordinary elemental sulfur in the absence of an accelerator. This point of view is based on the experimental fact that the vulcanization of rubber by sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, for example, which form sulfur in the nascent condition, proceeds rapidly even at room temperature. Investigators have also assumed that in the vulcanization process activation of sulfur in the presence of accelerators may occur by different mechanisms. It is possible that the accelerator, reacting with elemental sulfur, forms unstable intermediate compounds, which decompose with liberation of sulfur in an active form. The latter reacts with rubber, and the regenerated accelerator reacts again with elemental sulfur, etc. However, a different process is possible for the activation of elemental sulfur. By this second mechanism the unstable combination of accelerator and sulfur reacts directly with rubber without the formation of active sulfur. Both these mechanisms necessarily assume the formation of intermediate unstable combinations of the accelerator with sulfur. However, direct, experimentally-based demonstrations of such an interaction are lacking in the literature. There exist only theoretical hypotheses concerning the nature of the possible intermediate combination of the accelerator with sulfur. According to Ostromislensky's concepts, further developed by Bedford, such an intermediate compound has the character of a polysulfide. According to Bruni and Romani, this intermediate compound is a disulfide. As is well known, the disulfide theory was placed in doubt by Zaide and Petrov on the basis of data from the vulcanization of rubber in the presence of benzothiazolyl disulfide.

Mechanism of the Exchange Reaction of Elemental Sulfur with Mercaptobenzothiazole

1956 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
G. A. Blokh ◽  
E. A. Golubkova ◽  
G. P. Miklukhin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Exchange Reaction ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
Rapid Exchange ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Preceding Study

Abstract As was shown in our preceding study, a rapid exchange of sulfur atoms takes place between elemental sulfur and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole at temperatures corresponding to the conditions of vulcanization of rubber. This indicates the existence of a reaction between the atoms, and also the formation during this reaction of some kind of intermediate compounds. On the basis of the experimental data, it was established that only one of the sulfur atoms of mercaptobenzothiazole enters into the exchange reaction. It was natural to assume, in view of the technical properties of derivatives of mercaptobenzothiazole and its own chemical properties, that the sulfur of the sulfhydryl group takes part in the reaction. In fact, as is shown in another study, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (I) has a stronger accelerating effect during vulcanization than 2-aminobenzothiazole (II) or 2-oxybenzothiazole (III). Furthermore, it is known that the sulfur in the sulfhydryl group of mercaptobenzothiazole and its derivatives is considerably more mobile than the sulfur in the ring, and is easily converted into other substituents.

scholarly journals Pus solvents as new drugs with unique physical and chemical properti

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Urakov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Local Interaction ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The literature review shows that standards for the treatment of purulent diseases to date include antiseptic and disinfectants, but do not include agents that dilute and/or dissolve thick pus. It is shown that the pharmacodynamics of antiseptic and disinfectants consists in the local disinfecting effect of these agents. With local interaction with the surface of living and non-living tissues, these agents are able to sterilize it. It was found that for disinfection of the selected surfaces, these agents are used in solutions that contain these agents in concentrations that provide a denaturing effect. It is shown that denaturing action of antiseptic and disinfectants is a special case of dependence of local action of solutions of all medicines and chemical compounds on their concentration. The fact is that increasing the concentration of chemical compounds in solutions sooner or later turns that solutions into a liquid medium that is not compatible with life. Therefore, this liquid kills all cells of the micro-and macroworld. That is why the use of solutions with denaturing action provides a detrimental effect on the cells of all microorganisms and cells of the macroorganism. With local interaction with the tissues of the macroorganism, the drugs cause the following pharmacological effects: local sterilizing, irritating (local inflammatory) and cauterizing (necrotic) action. Thus solutions with denaturing concentration of one means increase the hardness, other means do not change the hardness, and the third means decrease the hardness of biological tissues, including purulent masses. From this it is concluded that today in the treatment of purulent diseases are used means, detrimental effect on all forms of life, and not means, unidirectionally acting on purulent masses. At the same time, it is shown that some of the modern antiseptic and disinfectants can change the properties of purulent masses in the right direction and optimize their removal by diluting and dissolving the thick pus. It is established that the leaders in the solvent action on thick and sticky pus are sodium bicarbonate solutions in combination with hydrogen peroxide. It is shown that solutions that effectively dissolve thick pus have special physical and chemical properties: all of them have moderate alkaline, temperature, boiling and osmotic activity. Preparations that most effectively dissolve thick pus and most quickly and completely remove it out of the purulent cavities, additionally contain carbon dioxide gas or oxygen gas under excessive pressure. In chronological order are recipes invented hygiene products with special physical and chemical properties, providing them with the ability to quickly and effectively liquefy, dissolve and remove the thick pus out of the purulent cavities. It is shown that a new group of hygiene products was discovered in Russia and was called Solvents of pus. The most effective and safe solvents of pus are warm (heated to a temperature of 42 C) solutions containing 24% sodium bicarbonate and 0.53% hydrogen peroxide.

scholarly journals Effect of EDTA chelate, cow manure, elemental sulfur application and Thiobacillus inoculant on Cd, Zn and Fe phytoremediation efficiency in a Cd-polluted soil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Baghaie
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Mustard Plant

Background and Purpose: Phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metals is one of the important points in environmental studies. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of cow manure, elemental sulfur and EDTA on Cd uptake by Indian mustard in a Cd-polluted soil in the presence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Materials and Methods: Treatments consisted of applying cow manure (0, 5 and 10 g/kg soil), soil application of elemental sulfur (2 g/kg soil), and Cd-polluted soil (0 and 20 mg Cd/kg soil) with 1.5 mmol EDTA/kg soil in the presence of Thiobacillus spp. After 90 days, Indian mustard plant was harvested and plant Zn, Fe and Cd concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition, the soil microbial respiration was measured. Results: The use of 2 g/kg soil of elemental sulfur significantly increased the plant Cd concentration in the presence and absence of Thiobacillus by 14.2 and 11.7%, respectively. Adding cow manure to the soil at the rates of 5 and 10 g/kg soil significantly increased the plant Cd concentration by 15.7 and 18.1%, respectively. Also, the application of EDTA chelate at the rate 0f 1.5 mmol/kg soil significantly increased the Cd concentration of the plants grown in the Cd-polluted soil (20 mg Cd/kg soil) by 13.6%. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that using elemental sulfur in the Cdpolluted soil can increase the Cd concentration of the plant which was cultivated in the soil amended with cow manure in the presence of Thiobacillus bacteria. However, the role of soil physic-chemical properties on phytoremediation efficiency cannot be ignored.  

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