scholarly journals Comparative study on Biochar salt absorption capacity in different saline concentrated solutions

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2150-2155
Author(s):  
Vanessa Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Salt Affected Soils ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Salt-affected soils are caused by excess accumulation of salts. As soil salinity increases, salt effects can result in the degradation of soils. Previous studies have determined that biochar has the potential to reduce salt stress in soils. In this study, the electroconductive properties of biochar to adsorb salts were investigated in different saline-concentrated solutions. Pelletized, fragmented and powdered biochar were placed in solutions with concentrations of 0, 50, 500, 1000, and 2000 parts per million sodium chloride, respectively. Control treatments consisted of deionized water mixed with salt and no biochar addition. A week after setting the experiment, the electroconductivity measurements were significantly higher relative to the first day. Significant differences were observed among treatments for pelletized, fragmented, and powdered biochar treatments. Increases in electroconductivity values are attributed to ambient temperature changes and differences in particle size. However, pelletized biochar declined in electroconductive values, which is attributed to ions being retained inside the pores of bigger particles. Our study concludes that biochar can adsorb salts at lower sodium chloride concentrations; therefore, it may help mitigate soil salt stress.

The Psychophysical Relationship Between Color and Sodium Chloride Concentrations in Model Systems

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 977-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. GIFFORD ◽  
F. M. CLYDESDALE
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Color Parameter ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
B Values ◽  
Chicken Broth ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

A 10-member taste panel evaluated the effect of color on salt perception using magnitude estimation. Samples, colored to simulate commercial chicken broth were formulated by addition of increasing amounts (0.00 – 4.10%) of 0.05% FD&C Red 40 to a constant volume of 0.10% FD&C Yellow 5 in double-distilled deionized water. In each of four experiments, five color intensities were evaluated at five NaCl concentrations over a range of 0.14 – 1.06% (w/v). The Gardner XL - 23 colorimeter was used to obtain L, a and b values from which the objective color parameter log cot−1 (a/b) was calculated. Log cot−1 (a/b) correlated well with log color intensity and was therefore, suitable as a predictor. In all experiments, panelists were able to detect differences among the NaCl concentrations (P<0.001) regardless of color. The perception of saltiness increased with increasing salt concentration as a linear power function with slopes greater than one. Although color tended to confuse the perception of saltiness, this effect was not significant.

scholarly journals Variation in Seedling Characteristics of Five Populations of Acacia tortilis From the United Arab Emirates in Response to Increasing Sodium Chloride Concentrations

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Fatma. M. Al-Ansari ◽  
Rashied. S. Modawi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
The City ◽  
Seedling Characteristics ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Seeds of Acacia tortilis collected from 5 sites around the city of Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates were germinated in 4 concentrations of sodium chloride (0, 20, 90 and 150 mM of NaCl). Percent of germination, rate of germination, seedling moisture content, root and shoot lengths and seedling lengths were all significantly affected by salt stress. Seeds collected from the different sites were significantly different in their response to salinity conditions. Variations in the response of seedlings from different sites to the different salt treatments suggest an underlying genetic variability within the A. tortilis   populations, possibly resulting from variations in the prevailing local conditions. Urbanization in the area and the changing water table may have divided A. tortilis into distinct subpopulations that are significantly different in seedling characteristics and their response to saline conditions. 

Responses of the Azolla filiculoides Stras.–Anabaena azollae Lam. association to elevated sodium chloride concentrations: Amino acids as indicators for salt stress and tipping point

2013 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique M.L. van Kempen ◽  
Alfons J.P. Smolders ◽  
Gerard M. Bögemann ◽  
Leon L.M. Lamers ◽  
Eric J.W. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Azolla Filiculoides ◽  
Anabaena Azollae ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Mechanical Response of Porous Copper Manufactured by Lost Carbonate Sintering Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 1863-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.F. Tao ◽  
Li Ping Zhang ◽  
Y.Y. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the mechanical response of porous copper manufactured by LCS under three-point bending and Charpy impact conditions. The effects of the compaction pressure and K2CO3 particle size used in producing the porous copper samples and the relative density of the samples were studied. The apparent modulus, flexural strength and energy absorption capacity in three-point bending tests increased exponentially with increasing relative density. The impact strength was not markedly sensitive to relative density and had values within 7 – 9 kJ/m2 for the relative densities in the range 0.17 – 0.31. The amount of energy absorbed by a porous copper sample in the impact test was much higher than that absorbed in the three-point bending test, impling that loading strain rate had a significant effect on the deformation mechanisms. Increasing compaction pressure and increasing K2CO3 particle size resulted in significant increases in the flexural strength and the bending energy absorption capacity, both owing to the reduced sintering defects.

Ultrasonic Characterization of Unyeasted Bread Dough of Different Sodium Chloride Concentrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Koksel ◽  
Anatoliy Strybulevych ◽  
John H. Page ◽  
Martin G. Scanlon
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Bread Dough ◽  
Ultrasonic Characterization ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

scholarly journals The effect of organic osmoprotectors on Aeromonas trota and A. hydrophila grown under high sodium chloride concentrations

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula L. Delamare ◽  
Thais Dalcin ◽  
Gabriela Müller ◽  
Sergio Olavo Pinto da Costa ◽  
Sergio Echeverrigaray
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

scholarly journals Influence of salt stress on plants of poplar clone "INRA 353-38" and willow clone "Zhytomyrska-1" in in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Yu. Khoma ◽  
L. Khudolieieva ◽  
N. Kutsokon
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Abiotic Factor

Soil salinization is an important abiotic factor negatively affecting plant growth, development and productivity. Fast-growing poplar and willow trees are important plants for bioenergy production demonstrating varying degrees of adaptation to different habitats. The study of salt resistance in different clones of poplars and willows will reveal genotypes that can be planted in saline soils for producing biomass for the bioenergy industry. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of salt stress on poplar plants of clone 'INRA 353-38' (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) and willow clone 'Zhytomyrska – 1' (Salix sp.) under in vitro culture. For this purpose the plants were cultivated on MS nutrient medium with the addition of sodium chloride in concentrations 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM. The control plants were grown on the sodium chloridefree medium. The plant status (with a 4-score scale), the intensity of their growth (by shoot length) and rooting capacity (by the number of roots) were assessed on the 10th and the 30th day of cultivation. The results obtained indicate a high level of sensitivity to sodium chloride of both studied clones under in vitro cultivation. But the willow 'Zhytomyrska – 1' had a higher sensitivity to salt stress comparing to hybrid polar 'ІNRA 353-38' since growth parameters of willow were significantly decreased even under the concentration of sodium chloride 50 mM, and in the case of short term influence (10 days) of the highest concentration of sodium chloride (100 mM) all willow plants terminated their growth and quickly died. The growth parameters of hybrid poplar were declined within a month, mainly under the highest concentration of sodium chloride, but even under such conditions some part of the shoots were able to survive.

scholarly journals Soil salinization under different climate change scenarios: A global scale analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Shokri ◽  
Amirhossein Hassani ◽  
Adisa Azapagic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Salt Affected Soils

<p>Population growth and climate change is projected to increase the pressure on land and water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This pressure is expected to affect all driving mechanisms of soil salinization comprising alteration in soil hydrological balance, sea salt intrusion, wet/dry deposition of wind-born saline aerosols — leading to an increase in soil salinity. Soil salinity influences soil stability, bio-diversity, ecosystem functioning and soil water evaporation (1). It can be a long-term threat to agricultural activities and food security. To devise sustainable action plan investments and policy interventions, it is crucial to know when and where salt-affected soils occur. However, current estimates on spatio-temporal variability of salt-affected soils are majorly localized and future projections in response to climate change are rare. Using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, we related the available measured soil salinity values (represented by electrical conductivity of the saturated paste soil extract, EC<sub>e</sub>) to some environmental information (or predictors including outputs of Global Circulation Models, soil, crop, topographic, climatic, vegetative, and landscape properties of the sampling locations) to develop a set of data-driven predictive tools to enable the spatio-temporal predictions of soil salinity. The outputs of these tools helped us to estimate the extent and severity of the soil salinity under current and future climatic patterns at different geographical levels and identify the salinization hotspots by the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century in response to climate change. Our analysis suggests that a soil area of 11.73 Mkm<sup>2</sup> located in non-frigid zones has been salt-affected in at least three-fourths of the 1980 - 2018 period (2). At the country level, Brazil, Peru, Sudan, Colombia, and Namibia were estimated to have the highest rates of annual increase in the total area of soils with an EC<sub>e</sub> ≥ 4 dS m<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, the results indicate that by the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century, drylands of South America, southern and Western Australia, Mexico, southwest United States, and South Africa will be the salinization hotspots (compared to the 1961 - 1990 period). The results of this study could inform decision-making and contribute to attaining the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals for land and water resources management.</p><p>1. Shokri-Kuehni, S.M.S., Raaijmakers, B., Kurz, T., Or, D., Helmig, R., Shokri, N. (2020). Water Table Depth and Soil Salinization: From Pore-Scale Processes to Field-Scale Responses. Water Resour. Res., 56, e2019WR026707. https://doi.org/ 10.1029/2019WR026707</p><p>2. Hassani, A., Azapagic, A., Shokri, N. (2020). Predicting Long-term Dynamics of Soil Salinity and Sodicity on a Global Scale, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 117, 52, 33017–33027. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013771117</p>

scholarly journals Predicting mangrove forest dynamics across a soil salinity gradient using an individual-based vegetation model linked with plant hydraulics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Yoshikai ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
Rempei Suwa ◽  
Sahadev Sharma ◽  
Rene Rollon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Plant Hydraulics

Abstract. In mangrove forests, soil salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors determining mangrove forest distribution and productivity as it limits plant water uptake and carbon gain. However, salinity control on mangrove productivity through plant hydraulics has not been investigated by existing mangrove models. Thus, we present a new individual-based model linked with plant hydraulics to incorporate physiological characterization of mangrove growth under salt stress. Plant hydraulics was associated with mangroves nutrient uptake and biomass allocation apart from water flux and carbon gain. The developed model was performed for two-coexisting species of Rhizophora stylosa and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza in a subtropical mangrove forest in Japan. The model predicted that the productivity of both species was affected by soil salinity through downregulation of stomatal conductance, while B. gymnorrhiza trees grow faster and suppress the growth of R. stylosa trees by shading that resulted in a B. gymnorrhiza-dominated forest under low soil salinity conditions (< 28 ‰). Alternatively, the increase in soil salinity significantly reduced the productivity of B. gymnorrhiza compared to R. stylosa, leading to an increase in biomass of R. stylosa despite the enhanced salt stress (> 30 ‰). These predicted patterns in forest structures across soil salinity gradient remarkably agreed with field data, highlighting the control of salinity on productivity and tree competition as factors that shape the mangrove forest structures. The model reproducibility of forest structures was also supported by the predicted self-thinning processes, which likewise agreed with field data. In addition, the mangroves morphological adjustment to increasing soil salinity – by decreasing transpiration and increasing hydraulic conductance – was reasonably predicted. Aside from the soil salinity, seasonal dynamics in atmospheric variables (solar radiation and temperature) was highlighted as factors influencing mangrove productivity in a subtropical region. The physiological principle-based improved model has the potential to be extended to other mangrove forests in various environmental settings, thus contributing to a better understanding of mangrove dynamics under future global climate change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document