scholarly journals Investigating Associations Between Screen Time and Symptomatology in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness: Longitudinal Observational Study

10.2196/23144 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. e23144
Author(s):  
Philip Henson ◽  
Elena Rodriguez-Villa ◽  
John Torous
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Wide Range

Background Increasing screen time exposure from digital devices like smartphones has shown a variety of mixed associations with cognition, behavior, and well-being in adults and children but little is known about its associations with symptomatology in individuals with serious mental illness. Objective To determine the range of associations between screen time and symptoms of individuals with mental illness, we utilized a method called specification curve analysis. Methods In this observational study, we recruited smartphone-owning adults (≥18 years old) with schizophrenia and healthy controls. We installed 2 research-source smartphone apps, mindLAMP and Beiwe, to collect survey results, cognitive test results, and screen time metrics over a period of 3 months. Surveys were scheduled for twice a week, but participants were instructed to take the surveys naturally as much or as little as they wanted. Screen time was collected continuously in the background. A total of 140 participants was recruited from the outpatient clinic population as well as through general public advertising. Age-matched, smartphone-owning healthy controls were also part of the recruitment pool. A specification curve analysis was a priori designed to explore the relationship between every combination of independent variable and dependent variable in order to demonstrate to what degree screen time relates to symptoms in individuals with serious mental illness. Results The sample consisted of 88 participants (54 with schizophrenia and 34 healthy controls) who completed both the initial and follow-up visits, completed at least one self-reported survey, and had a minimum passive data cutoff of 5 consecutive days. While we found an association between smartphone screen time metrics and cognition (adjusted R2=0.107, P<.001), specification curve analysis revealed a wide range of heterogenous associations with screen time from very negative to very positive. The effects differed based on diagnostic group, age bracket, type of regression model used, and the specific independent and dependent variables selected for analysis. Conclusions The associations between screen time and mental health in patients with schizophrenia are heterogenous when examined with methods that reduce analytical bias. The heterogeneity in associations suggests that complex and personalized potential effects must be understood in the greater context of an individual. This analysis of longitudinally collected screen time data shows potential for future research that could benefit from high resolution metrics on smartphone use.

scholarly journals Investigating Associations Between Screen Time and Symptomatology in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness: Longitudinal Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Henson ◽  
Elena Rodriguez-Villa ◽  
John Torous
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Wide Range

BACKGROUND Increasing screen time exposure from digital devices like smartphones has shown a variety of mixed associations with cognition, behavior, and well-being in adults and children but little is known about its associations with symptomatology in individuals with serious mental illness. OBJECTIVE To determine the range of associations between screen time and symptoms of individuals with mental illness, we utilized a method called specification curve analysis. METHODS In this observational study, we recruited smartphone-owning adults (≥18 years old) with schizophrenia and healthy controls. We installed 2 research-source smartphone apps, mindLAMP and Beiwe, to collect survey results, cognitive test results, and screen time metrics over a period of 3 months. Surveys were scheduled for twice a week, but participants were instructed to take the surveys naturally as much or as little as they wanted. Screen time was collected continuously in the background. A total of 140 participants was recruited from the outpatient clinic population as well as through general public advertising. Age-matched, smartphone-owning healthy controls were also part of the recruitment pool. A specification curve analysis was a priori designed to explore the relationship between every combination of independent variable and dependent variable in order to demonstrate to what degree screen time relates to symptoms in individuals with serious mental illness. RESULTS The sample consisted of 88 participants (54 with schizophrenia and 34 healthy controls) who completed both the initial and follow-up visits, completed at least one self-reported survey, and had a minimum passive data cutoff of 5 consecutive days. While we found an association between smartphone screen time metrics and cognition (adjusted R<sup>2</sup>=0.107, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), specification curve analysis revealed a wide range of heterogenous associations with screen time from very negative to very positive. The effects differed based on diagnostic group, age bracket, type of regression model used, and the specific independent and dependent variables selected for analysis. CONCLUSIONS The associations between screen time and mental health in patients with schizophrenia are heterogenous when examined with methods that reduce analytical bias. The heterogeneity in associations suggests that complex and personalized potential effects must be understood in the greater context of an individual. This analysis of longitudinally collected screen time data shows potential for future research that could benefit from high resolution metrics on smartphone use.

scholarly journals Virtual Body Ownership Illusions for Mental Health: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Marta Matamala-Gomez ◽  
Antonella Maselli ◽  
Clelia Malighetti ◽  
Olivia Realdon ◽  
Fabrizia Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Virtual Body

Over the last 20 years, virtual reality (VR) has been widely used to promote mental health in populations presenting different clinical conditions. Mental health does not refer only to the absence of psychiatric disorders but to the absence of a wide range of clinical conditions that influence people’s general and social well-being such as chronic pain, neurological disorders that lead to motor o perceptual impairments, psychological disorders that alter behaviour and social cognition, or physical conditions like eating disorders or present in amputees. It is known that an accurate perception of oneself and of the surrounding environment are both key elements to enjoy mental health and well-being, and that both can be distorted in patients suffering from the clinical conditions mentioned above. In the past few years, multiple studies have shown the effectiveness of VR to modulate such perceptual distortions of oneself and of the surrounding environment through virtual body ownership illusions. This narrative review aims to review clinical studies that have explored the manipulation of embodied virtual bodies in VR for improving mental health, and to discuss the current state of the art and the challenges for future research in the context of clinical care.

Clinical Applications and Investigation of the Acceptance of Mental Illness

2016 ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
Lauren Mizock ◽  
Zlatka Russinova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Peer Specialists ◽  
Diverse Groups

This chapter reviews the 14 key principles of the process of acceptance of mental illness among culturally diverse groups that emerged from the findings in this book. Each principle is accompanied by clinical recommendations for facilitating the process of acceptance of mental illness. Examples are provided as to how clinicians, peer specialists, and researchers might respond to issues of acceptance of mental illness to facilitate hope and recovery. A number of acceptance-related techniques and theories in clinical care are also discussed. To further understanding and promote the process of acceptance of mental illness among persons in recovery, areas of potential development for future research are reviewed. An “Acceptance of Mental Illness Checklist” with scoring information is provided to assess the dimensions of acceptance and barriers and facilitators among people with serious mental illness and to aid further clinical and research examination of this construct.

scholarly journals Contact with recovered peers: buffering disempowering service experiences and promoting personal recovery in serious mental illness

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronte McLeod ◽  
Denny Meyer ◽  
Greg Murray ◽  
Fiona Foley ◽  
Nev Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Personal Recovery ◽  
Treatment Experience ◽  
Stigma Of Mental Illness

Background Mental health patients can experience involuntary treatment as disempowering and stigmatising, and contact with recovered peers is cited as important for countering stigma and fostering agency and autonomy integral to recovery. Aims To advance understanding of the interaction between involuntary treatment and contact with recovered peers, and explore hypothesised relationships to mechanisms of self-evaluation relevant to recovery. Method Eighty-nine adults diagnosed with serious mental illness completed items to assess involuntary treatment experience and the extent of prior contact with recovered peers, the Internalised Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, the Self-efficacy for Personal Recovery Scale, the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery and relevant demographic and clinical scales. Results Contact with recovered peers was found to moderate the effects of involuntary treatment on internalised stigma. Sequential conditional process models (i.e. moderated mediation) then demonstrated that conditional internalised stigma (i.e. moderated by contact with recovered peers) mediated the indirect effect of involuntary treatment on recovery-specific self-efficacy, which in turn influenced recovery. Compared with those with low contact with recovered peers, recovery scores were 3.54 points higher for those with high contact. Conclusions Although study methods limit causative conclusions, findings are consistent with proposals that contact with recovered peers may be helpful for this patient group, and suggest this may be particularly relevant for those with involuntary treatment experience. Directions for future research, to further clarify measurement and conceptual tensions relating to the study of (dis)empowering experiences in mental health services, are discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Spiritual Well-Being in Sport and Exercise Psychology

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401983746
Author(s):  
Dev Roychowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exercise Psychology ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Sport And Exercise

Research indicates that spirituality plays a cardinal role in enhancing sporting performance, personal growth, and well-being. Numerous researchers have attempted to examine the nexus of religion, spirituality, and psychological constructs to understand their role in sport and exercise performance and contexts. Despite the findings that spiritual well-being plays a crucial role in athletic excellence and as a buffer against a wide range of stressors and negative behaviors, it has received scant attention in the sport and exercise psychology literature. This present commentary examines the role of spirituality in sport psychology literature and proposes that spiritual well-being be incorporated into sport and exercise psychology training and consultancy to improve and enhance service delivery. This article also identifies a number of key areas for future research and practice.

Perceived Discrimination, Internalized Stigma and Psychological Well-Being of People with Mental Illness

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pérez-Garín ◽  
Fernando Molero ◽  
Arjan E.R. Bos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Internalized Stigma ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Affect Balance ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Individual Discrimination

AbstractThe present study examines the relationships between perceived discrimination, internalized stigma, and well-being in a sample of people with mental illness. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 213 outpatients from the Spanish public network of social care. Perceived discrimination was positively and significantly correlated with internalized stigma (p < .01 for all measures of perceived discrimination). Blatant individual discrimination, subtle individual discrimination, and internalized stigma were negatively correlated with life satisfaction, affect balance, and psychological well-being (p < .01 for all cases, except for blatant individual discrimination and affect balance, for which is p < .05). Regression and mediation analyses indicate that subtle individual discrimination is the kind of discrimination most negatively associated to the well-being measures (life satisfaction: B = –.18, p < .10; affect balance: B = –.19, p < .10; psychological well-being: B = –.21, p < .05), and that this association is mediated by internalized stigma. Future research should confirm these findings in a longitudinal or experimental model. In light of our findings, we suggest the development and implementation of intervention programs that target subtle discrimination, and point at the importance of implementing programs to reduce internalized stigma.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Environment and Type 2 Diabetes Comorbidity in Serious Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272092498
Author(s):  
Ramya Walsan ◽  
Xiaoqi Feng ◽  
Darren J. Mayne ◽  
Nagesh Pai ◽  
Andrew Bonney
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between neighborhood characteristics and type 2 diabetes (T2D) comorbidity in serious mental illness (SMI). We investigated associations of neighborhood-level crime, accessibility to health care services, availability of green spaces, neighborhood obesity, and fast food availability with SMI-T2D comorbidity. Method: A series of multilevel logistic regression models accounting for neighborhood-level clustering were used to examine the associations between 5 neighborhood variables and SMI-T2D comorbidity, sequentially adjusting for individual-level variables and neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage. Results: Individuals with SMI residing in areas with higher crime rates per 1000 population had 2.5 times increased odds of reporting T2D comorbidity compared to the individuals with SMI residing in lower crime rate areas after controlling for individual and areal level factors (95% CI 0.91-6.74). There was no evidence of association between SMI-T2D comorbidity and other neighborhood variables investigated. Conclusion: Public health strategies to reduce SMI-T2D comorbidity might benefit by targeting on individuals with SMI living in high-crime neighborhoods. Future research incorporating longitudinal designs and/or mediation analysis are warranted to fully elucidate the mechanisms of association between neighborhoods and SMI-T2D comorbidity.

Helping women intrapreneurial leaders flourish: appreciating emotional labor

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Biju ◽  
Atul Arun Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Women Leaders ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Interventions ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose Faced with dynamic and challenging environments, organizations today expect all their leaders, including their women leaders, to be highly intrapreneurial. However, intrapreneurship is traditionally perceived to be a masculine activity. In order to appear intrapreneurial, women leaders consciously behave like men and suppress their feminine characteristics. This results in “emotional labor” that causes undue stress, emotional exhaustion, and burnout. Organizations can help intrapreneurial women leaders succeed by a combination of gender-related sensitization, focused training, setting up sharing and communication platforms, encouraging self-support groups and providing formal and informal mentorship to their women employees. Design/methodology/approach We carried out qualitative research which involved 31 in depth semi-structured in-person interviews (including 11 repeat interviews) with 20 women leaders from seven large organizations from the Indian IT industry. The interviewees had 15 years of average work experience, were in the 35-50 years age group, and held senior management functional or project management responsibilities. The interviews were typically 60 minutes each. The researcher took detailed notes, and subsequently, manually carried out multiple levels and multiple rounds of coding (initially open-coding followed by focused coding) to identify and abstract the themes and categories. Findings Our study identified that women leaders who are expected to behave as intrapreneurs, face “emotional labor” which results in stress, emotional exhaustion and burnout. To help women leaders succeed, a well-defined set of organizational interventions including gender sensitization, training, sharing & communication platforms, self-support groups, and formal and informal mentoring are useful. Research limitations/implications To increase the generalizability of our study beyond the Indian cultural context and beyond the IT industry, future researchers may carry out both qualitative and larger sample quantitative studies in other countries, and draw upon data from multiple industries. The issues arising out of emotional labor of women intrapreneurial leaders are likely to be present in a wide range of industries and cultural contexts. However, there may be nuanced contextual differences that need further exploration. Future research can build on our findings and explore moderators, contingencies, and boundary conditions that affect the suitability of organizational interventions that we have suggested. Practical implications Emotional well-being of women intrapreneurial leaders would help them take innovative organizational initiatives, and make the organization strategically agile. To help women leaders be intrapreneurial, organizations need many interventions and need to provide the required supporting infrastructure. Social implications Ways to resolve gender-related issues in workplaces are suggested. Originality/value Our study is valuable as it simultaneously considers two strategic organizational objectives of intrapreneurship and gender diversity of leadership teams. The paper provides useful prescriptions for organizations to help women intrapreneurial leaders succeed. This will help organizations that are facing dynamic external environments become innovative and strategically agile.

Objectives and measures of performance of Islamic microfinance banks in Indonesia: the stakeholders' perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufik Akbar ◽  
A.K. Siti-Nabiha
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Islamic Microfinance ◽  
Measures Of Performance

PurposeThis study investigates both internal and external stakeholders' views on the objectives and measures of performance of Indonesian Islamic microfinance banks (IMFBs).Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with a wide range of internal and external stakeholders of IMFBs in Indonesia. The primary stakeholders interviewed comprised the board of directors of IMFBs located in several provinces in Indonesia, including rural and urban areas. The external stakeholders were the regulators/supervisors, represented by the Indonesian Financial Services Authority and Sharīʿah advisors of the National Sharīʿah Board as well as Muslim scholars. The data were analysed using CAQDAS, a computer-assisted tool for qualitative analysis.FindingsThe objectives of the IMFBs are seen to represent more than profits or economic well-being. Their objectives also comprise spirituality and daʿwah (Islamic propagation). Daʿwah is conducted through the provision of funding and services that are aligned with Sharīʿah (Islamic law), the dissemination of information about Islamic financing, which is based on Islamic values and principles, and the payment of zakat (Islamic alms) and charitable contributions. The measures of performance are considered to be more holistic than those of conventional banks. Profit and growth are deemed important as the means to achieve social well-being objectives.Research limitations/implicationsBetter insights into the objectives and measures of IMFBs could be achieved from interviews with other stakeholder categories, such as customers and the community. This could be the focus of future research.Originality/valueThis study added a new discussion to the limited empirical literature on IMFBs by investigating the views of stakeholders on the objectives and performance of IMFBs in Indonesia.

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