scholarly journals Optimization of Precontrol Methods and Analysis of a Dynamic Model for Brucellosis: Model Development and Validation (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihao Huang ◽  
Mingtao Li
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Dynamic Threshold ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Number Of Patients

BACKGROUND Brucella is a gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium without a capsule. The infection scope of Brucella is wide. The major source of infection is mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs. Currently, human beings do not transmit Brucella to each other. When humans eat Brucella-contaminated food or contact animals or animal secretions and excretions infected with Brucella, they may develop brucellosis. Although brucellosis does not originate in humans, its diagnosis and cure are very difficult; thus, it has a huge impact on humans. Even with the rapid development of medical science, brucellosis is still a major problem for Chinese people. Currently, the number of patients with brucellosis in China is 100,000 per year. In addition, due to the ongoing improvement in the living standards of Chinese people, the demand for meat products has gradually increased, and increased meat transactions have greatly promoted the spread of brucellosis. Therefore, many researchers are concerned with investigating the transmission of Brucella as well as the diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis. Mathematical models have become an important tool for the study of infectious diseases. Mathematical models can reflect the spread of infectious diseases and be used to study the effect of different inhibition methods on infectious diseases. The effect of control measures to obtain effective suppression can provide theoretical support for the suppression of infectious diseases. Therefore, it is the objective of this study to build a suitable mathematical model for brucellosis infection. OBJECTIVE We aimed to study the optimized precontrol methods of brucellosis using a dynamic threshold–based microcomputer model and to provide critical theoretical support for the prevention and control of brucellosis. METHODS By studying the transmission characteristics of Brucella and building a Brucella transmission model, the precontrol methods were designed and presented to the key populations (Brucella-susceptible populations). We investigated the utilization of protective tools by the key populations before and after precontrol methods. RESULTS An improvement in the amount of glove-wearing was evident and significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), increasing from 51.01% before the precontrol methods to 66.22% after the precontrol methods, an increase of 15.21%. However, the amount of hat-wearing did not improve significantly (<i>P</i>=.95). Hat-wearing among the key populations increased from 57.3% before the precontrol methods to 58.6% after the precontrol methods, an increase of 1.3%. CONCLUSIONS By demonstrating the optimized precontrol methods for a brucellosis model built on a dynamic threshold–based microcomputer model, this study provides theoretical support for the suppression of Brucella and the improved usage of protective measures by key populations.

scholarly journals Optimization of Precontrol Methods and Analysis of a Dynamic Model for Brucellosis: Model Development and Validation

10.2196/18664 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e18664
Author(s):  
Yihao Huang ◽  
Mingtao Li
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Dynamic Threshold ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Number Of Patients

Background Brucella is a gram-negative, nonmotile bacterium without a capsule. The infection scope of Brucella is wide. The major source of infection is mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and dogs. Currently, human beings do not transmit Brucella to each other. When humans eat Brucella-contaminated food or contact animals or animal secretions and excretions infected with Brucella, they may develop brucellosis. Although brucellosis does not originate in humans, its diagnosis and cure are very difficult; thus, it has a huge impact on humans. Even with the rapid development of medical science, brucellosis is still a major problem for Chinese people. Currently, the number of patients with brucellosis in China is 100,000 per year. In addition, due to the ongoing improvement in the living standards of Chinese people, the demand for meat products has gradually increased, and increased meat transactions have greatly promoted the spread of brucellosis. Therefore, many researchers are concerned with investigating the transmission of Brucella as well as the diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis. Mathematical models have become an important tool for the study of infectious diseases. Mathematical models can reflect the spread of infectious diseases and be used to study the effect of different inhibition methods on infectious diseases. The effect of control measures to obtain effective suppression can provide theoretical support for the suppression of infectious diseases. Therefore, it is the objective of this study to build a suitable mathematical model for brucellosis infection. Objective We aimed to study the optimized precontrol methods of brucellosis using a dynamic threshold–based microcomputer model and to provide critical theoretical support for the prevention and control of brucellosis. Methods By studying the transmission characteristics of Brucella and building a Brucella transmission model, the precontrol methods were designed and presented to the key populations (Brucella-susceptible populations). We investigated the utilization of protective tools by the key populations before and after precontrol methods. Results An improvement in the amount of glove-wearing was evident and significant (P<.001), increasing from 51.01% before the precontrol methods to 66.22% after the precontrol methods, an increase of 15.21%. However, the amount of hat-wearing did not improve significantly (P=.95). Hat-wearing among the key populations increased from 57.3% before the precontrol methods to 58.6% after the precontrol methods, an increase of 1.3%. Conclusions By demonstrating the optimized precontrol methods for a brucellosis model built on a dynamic threshold–based microcomputer model, this study provides theoretical support for the suppression of Brucella and the improved usage of protective measures by key populations.

Design and Analysis of Optimal Pre-Control of Brucellosis Model by Dynamic Threshold-Based Microcomputer Model (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihao Huang ◽  
Mingtao Li
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Dynamic Threshold ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Susceptible Populations

BACKGROUND Mathematical models have become a very important tool for the study of infectious diseases. Mathematical models can reflect the spread of infectious diseases, and can also be used to study the effect of different inhibition methods on the suppression of infectious diseases. The effect of control measures to obtain effective suppression programs can provide theoretical support for the suppression of infectious diseases. Therefore, it is the major objective of this study to build a suitable mathematical model for Brucellosis infection. OBJECTIVE To study the optimized pre-control method of Brucellosis model by the dynamic threshold-based microcomputer model, and to provide critical theoretical support for the prevention and control of Brucellosis. METHODS By studying the transmission characteristics of Brucella and building a Brucella transmission model, a pre-control method for key populations (Brucella susceptible populations) is designed according to these characteristics, thereby exploring the utilization of protective tools by key groups before and after pre-control. RESULTS The improvement in “whether wearing gloves” is the most obvious, which increases from 51.01% before the pre-control to 66.22% after the pre-control, with an increase of 15.21%. The difference is statistically significant (P<0.001). However, for “whether wearing hats”, the conditions of key populations are not improved significantly, which increases from 57.3% before the pre-control to 58.6% after the pre-control, with an increase of 1.3%. The difference is not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The research results of Brucellosis have provided theoretical support for the suppression of Brucella and the protective measures for key populations.

scholarly journals Targeting Genome Stability in Melanoma—A New Approach to an Old Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3485
Author(s):  
Marta Osrodek ◽  
Michal Wozniak
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Mapk Inhibitors

Despite recent groundbreaking advances in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, it remains one of the most treatment-resistant malignancies. Due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy, the therapeutic focus has shifted away from aiming at melanoma genome stability in favor of molecularly targeted therapies. Inhibitors of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) pathway significantly slow disease progression. However, long-term clinical benefit is rare due to rapid development of drug resistance. In contrast, immune checkpoint inhibitors provide exceptionally durable responses, but only in a limited number of patients. It has been increasingly recognized that melanoma cells rely on efficient DNA repair for survival upon drug treatment, and that genome instability increases the efficacy of both MAPK inhibitors and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the field of melanoma research which indicate that targeting genome stability of melanoma cells may serve as a powerful strategy to maximize the efficacy of currently available therapeutics.

scholarly journals Application of 3D bioprinting in the prevention and the therapy for human diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Gyeong Yi ◽  
Hyeonji Kim ◽  
Junyoung Kwon ◽  
Yeong-Jin Choi ◽  
Jinah Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Infectious Disease Research

AbstractRapid development of vaccines and therapeutics is necessary to tackle the emergence of new pathogens and infectious diseases. To speed up the drug discovery process, the conventional development pipeline can be retooled by introducing advanced in vitro models as alternatives to conventional infectious disease models and by employing advanced technology for the production of medicine and cell/drug delivery systems. In this regard, layer-by-layer construction with a 3D bioprinting system or other technologies provides a beneficial method for developing highly biomimetic and reliable in vitro models for infectious disease research. In addition, the high flexibility and versatility of 3D bioprinting offer advantages in the effective production of vaccines, therapeutics, and relevant delivery systems. Herein, we discuss the potential of 3D bioprinting technologies for the control of infectious diseases. We also suggest that 3D bioprinting in infectious disease research and drug development could be a significant platform technology for the rapid and automated production of tissue/organ models and medicines in the near future.

scholarly journals Advanced strategies for development of vaccines against human bacterial pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinay Sharma ◽  
Pooja Sanduja ◽  
Aparna Anand ◽  
Pooja Mahajan ◽  
Carlos A. Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Vaccine Design ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rational Vaccine Design ◽  
New Vaccines

AbstractInfectious diseases are one of the main grounds of death and disabilities in human beings globally. Lack of effective treatment and immunization for many deadly infectious diseases and emerging drug resistance in pathogens underlines the need to either develop new vaccines or sufficiently improve the effectiveness of currently available drugs and vaccines. In this review, we discuss the application of advanced tools like bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics and associated techniques for a rational vaccine design.

scholarly journals AUTOMATED MODELING AND FORECASTING SYSTEM OF ENTERPRISE ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. Khariv ◽  
A. Lagun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
The Future ◽  
Modelling And Forecasting

Introduction. Mathematical methods and models are an effective tool for studying complex economic systems at different levels of enterprise management. Economic mathematical modelling is actively developing not only as a scien-tific field but also as a means of substantiating management decisions in business, in the analysis and forecasting of socio-economic processes and phenomena. In the arsenal of economic and mathematical modelling now are using- modern computing methods and computer technology. Libraries of economic and mathematical models are an integral part of the architecture of decision support systems in specific areas of the economy. The rapid development of computer technology stimulates the emergence and formation of new theoretical volumes and applied areas of modelling.Purpose. Like any large and complex field of knowledge, mathematical modelling is evolving in different direc-tions, acquiring new flexible research methods. Therefore, based on new hardware, technology and software platforms it is necessary to create new information systems using economic and mathematical models in particular for forecasting of enterprise activities.Results. The article analyses the methods of modelling and forecasting the enterprise, considers the principles of software design. Using systems analysis, the design problem was analytically divided into parts. Also were investigated the connections and relationships between these parts, in particular, were implemented the problem tree and the goal tree. Implemented business process modelling performs based on created structural-logical diagrams, namely the IDEF0 dia-gram, which helps to visually display data and information that affect software development, a server part, input data and users. Using the results of research, the authors developed an automated information system for modelling and forecasting the activities of the enterprise, which uses models of Holt, Brown, exponential smoothing and Box-Jenkins for modelling. Part of the developed system is a designed software product that implements the objectives of the research. The obtained program results allow creating a clear forecast of the future activities of the enterprise.Conclusions. Based on the built graphs of modelling and forecasting of the Cisco Systems company financial activity with using of the developed automated system, we established that the Brown model is the best for providing educational sampling and a forecast of activity. The development of the automated system in the future involves the expansion of functionality, improvement and increasing of quality, as well as the creation of powerful analytics for more detailed forecasting.

scholarly journals Peranan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Dan Kompetensi Guru Agama Hindu Di Sekolah Dasar

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Yeni Nurmawati ◽  
I Wayan Madra
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Motivation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Efficient Learning ◽  
Curriculum Education

The era of globalization has an impact on the emergence of intense competition in various sectors such as; in the field of science and technology, economics and others. Competition in maintaining or competing for various sectors requires the existence of competent human beings in order to continue to exist in the midst of socio-cultural changes and the rapid development of science and technology. Speaking of the quality of education, the education component is certainly a central point which will affect the quality of education produced. One component of education in question is the existence of teachers or educators.<br />Principals play an important role in increasing teacher motivation and competence in schools. The failure of school principals to create effective and efficient learning conditions will have an impact on the future of students, often educators are also used as "scapegoats", whereas other aspects such as problems in budget constraints, low attention to teachers, supervision of the curriculum, education regulations contribute low quality of education.

scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges faced by private enterprises under the low-carbon economy and countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Lixing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Private Enterprises ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
New Development ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Carbon Economy

In the background of the rapid development of market economy, a large number of carbon dioxide emissions, leads to the obvious imbalance of carbon in nature. In recent years, the global temperature is getting warmer, the sea level is rising year by year, and the grain production is also significantly reduced, which will bring a great threat to the normal survival and development of human beings. In order to protect the environment on which human beings live, low carbon economy is put forward. Under the environment of low carbon economy, private enterprises are not only facing new development opportunities. At the same time, private enterprises are also facing new development challenges. If they want to develop further, they must actively deal with them. The author analyzes the opportunities and challenges faced by private enterprises under the environment of low carbon economy, and puts forward specific countermeasures, hoping to be helpful to the long-term development of private enterprises.

scholarly journals Smart Grid Nontechnical Loss Detection Based on Power Gateway Consortium Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Xudong He ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jiqiang Liu ◽  
Enze Yuan ◽  
Kailun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Decentralized Management ◽  
Supply Capacity

The rapid development of the smart grid brings convenience to human beings. It enables users to know the real-time power supply capacity, the power quality, and the electricity price fluctuation of the grid. However, there are still some threats in the smart grid, which increase all kinds of expenses in the grid and cause great trouble to energy distribution. Among them, the man-made nontechnical loss (NTL) problem is particularly prominent. Recently, there are also some NTL detection programs. However, most of the schemes need huge amounts of supporting data and high labor costs. As a result, the NTL problem has not been well solved. In order to better avoid these risks, problems such as tampering of smart meter energy data, bypassing the smart meter directly connected to the grid, and imbalance between revenue and expenditure of the smart grid are tackled, and the threat scene of NTL is constructed. A hierarchical grid gateway blockchain is proposed and designed, and a new decentralized management MDMS system is constructed. The intelligent contract combined with the elliptic curve encryption technology is used to detect the storage and the acquisition of power data, and the detection of NTL problems is realized. At the same time, it has a certain ability to resist attacks such as replay, monitoring, and tampering. We tested the time consumption and throughput of this method on Hyperledger Fabric. At the same time, eight indexes of other methods proposed in the literature are compared. This method has a good effect.

scholarly journals Mathematical Models for Assessing Vaccination Scenarios in Several Provinces in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nuraini ◽  
K. Khairudin ◽  
P. Hadisoemarto ◽  
H. Susanto ◽  
A. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
West Java ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Age Structured

AbstractTo mitigate more casualties from the COVID-19 outbreak, this study assessed optimal vaccination scenarios, considering some existing healthcare conditions and some assumptions, by developing SIQRD (Susceptible-Infected-Quarantine-Recovery-Death) models for Jakarta, West Java, and Banten, in Indonesia. The models included an age-structured dynamic transmission model that naturally could give different treatments among age groups of population. The simulation results show that the timing and period’s length of the vaccination should be well planned and prioritizing particular age groups will give significant impact on the total number of casualties.

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