Virtual community inclusion of individuals with serious mental illness: Mapping digital technology usage and community participation patterns in the virtual era (Preprint)
BACKGROUND Despite the growing interest in developing and using mHealth (mobile health) and digital technologies in mental health, little is known about the scope and nature of virtual community inclusion. OBJECTIVE The overarching goal of this study was to understand and conceptualize virtual community inclusion of individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). Specific objectives were: (1) Mapping the prevalence, trends, and experiences related to mHealth and digital technology use among individuals with SMI; (2) Comparing patterns of technology use by individuals with and without SMI; and (3) Examining whether use of mHealth and digital technologies predicts recovery among individuals with SMI. METHODS An online survey of technology use and virtual participation was developed and distributed among adults with and without SMI via social media, national email discussion lists, non-profit organizations, and advocacy groups. RESULTS A total of 381 adults aged 18 years or older participated in the survey, 199 (52%) identified as having a SMI. Participants with SMI reported significantly greater access to technology and significantly fewer days of face-to-face participation in community activities compared with participants without SMI. Among participants with SMI, greater technology use was positively associated with positive emotions and significantly predicted recovery. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to explore, map, and conceptualize virtual community inclusion among adults with SMI. Our findings indicate a gap in the literature and research on community inclusion and participation and emphasize the need for virtual community inclusion, particularly during the time of COVID-19 and its future implications.