The Effect of Persuasive Design on the Adoption of Exposure Notification Apps: A Case Study of COVID Alert (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiemute Oyibo ◽  
Plinio Pelegrini Morita
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Version ◽  
The Government ◽  
App Design

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, which began in the first quarter of 2020, necessitated the imposition of public health restrictions and the shutting down of the global economy. To slow down the spread of the coronavirus, governments worldwide rolled out nationwide contact tracing apps (CTAs) to notify people that may have been exposed to COVID-19. The emergence of new variants of COVID-19, which can cause breakthrough infections, necessitate the continued use of CTAs. However, the uptake of these apps has been low and slow worldwide. Some experts have argued that the low adoption rate of CTAs can be attributed to their minimalist design and lack of motivational features, trust- and privacy-related issues aside. However, there is little to no research to show that the incorporation of persuasive principles in the design of CTAs has the potential of increasing their effectiveness and adoption. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to uncover how the persuasive design of CTAs influences their effectiveness by focusing on three key user interfaces: no-exposure status, exposure status, and diagnosis report. METHODS We conducted an empirical study on Amazon Mechanical Turk to investigate the effect of persuasive design in CTAs using the Government of Canada’s exposure notification app (“COVID Alert”) as a case study. Our study is based on 204 participants (comprising adopters and non-adopters) resident in Canada and two app designs: persuasive and control. RESULTS Regarding the willingness to download the COVID Alert app, our three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows there is an interaction between adoption status and app design. Among adopters, there is no significant difference between the persuasive and the control design. However, among non-adopters, there is an effect of app design (p < 0·001), with participants being more likely to download the app using the persuasive design (M = 5·37) than the control design (M = 4·57). Similarly, regarding the intention to report COVID-19 diagnosis, there is an interaction between adoption status and app design. Among non-adopters, there is no significant difference between the persuasive design and the control design. However, among adopters, there is an effect of app design (p < 0·01), with participants being more likely to report their diagnosis using the persuasive design (M = 6·00) than the control design (M = 5·03). CONCLUSIONS The results show that non-adopters are more likely to download the persuasive version of a CTA (equipped with self-monitoring) than the control version. Moreover, adopters are more likely to report their COVID-19 diagnosis using the persuasive version of a CTA (equipped with social-learning) than the control version. Overall, the percentage of non-adopters willing to download the COVID-Alert app from the app stores increased by over 10% due to the incorporation of persuasive features in its interface design. In a nutshell, the study shows that CTAs are more likely to be effective and adopted if equipped with persuasive features.

scholarly journals Changes of Walking Activity During the First Cycle Phases of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Seoul, Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672110265
Author(s):  
Youngjun Park ◽  
Haekwon Chung ◽  
Sohyun Park
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Government

Aim: This study explores the changes in regular walking activities during the phases of the pandemic. Background: With the spread of COVID-19 transmission, people are refraining from going out, reducing their physical activity. In South Korea, COVID-19 broke out in the 4th week of 2020 and experienced the first cycle phases of the pandemic, such as outbreak, widespread, and decline. In response to the pandemic, the government encouraged voluntary participation in social distancing campaigns, and people reduced their outside activities. Methods: This article examines the decrease and increase of the Prevalence of Regular Walking (≥30 min of moderate walking a day, on ≥5 days a week) by the COVID-19 phases. This study is based on weekly walking data for 15 weeks in 2020, via the smartphone healthcare app, which is managed by 25 public health offices of the Seoul government. Results: According to the findings, the level of prevalence of regular walking (PRW) has a significant difference before and after the outbreak, and every interval of the four-stage COVID-19 phases, that is, pre-pandemic, initiation, acceleration, and deceleration. The level of PRW sharply decreased during initiation and acceleration intervals. In the deceleration interval of COVID-19, the PRW kept increasing, but it has not yet reached the same level as the previous year when the COVID-19 did not exist. Conclusions: As a preliminary study, this study explains empirically how COVID-19 changed PRW in Seoul. It would be helpful to enhance our understanding of the changes in physical inactivity in the pandemic period.

scholarly journals Environmental Education as a Tool for Sustainable Development: Case study of Lekki-Lagos

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
M. N. Chukwu ◽  
S. J. Kadafur
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Pedestrian Bridges ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
The Government

The study examines the strength of environmental education in Lekki-Lagos and its impact on community and grass-root development by considering a targeted sample population comprising some respondents that are living or working in Lekki community in Lagos. A qualitative survey was conducted using participatory observation, interviews, and a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated through peer review and pilot testing. Data collected were summarized and computed using descriptive statistics while a paired t-test and Turkey’s HSD test were used for further analysis. Results showed that 92% of the respondents affirmed that environmental education impacted positively on the community attracting the government, non-governmental and private organizations to help in developing the area through construction of roads, pedestrian bridges, drainages and sea embankments thus reducing flooding, man hour loss due to traffic jam and rate of pollution. There was also a decrease in loss of lives and properties. Investors were attracted to Lekki, reducing poverty and social imbalance thus increasing community development. There is a significant difference between the state of Lekki now and before the intervention of public-private practice in developing the area (P< 0.05). It is recommended that the government and other stakeholders should collaborate on a higher scale to enhance developing the unreached communities.

scholarly journals Corona Contact Tracing Apps: Empirical Study on Self-Focused and Other-Focused Health Concerns as Predictors of App-Uptake (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenne große Deters ◽  
Tabea Meier ◽  
Anne Milek ◽  
Andrea B. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Government ◽  
App Design ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND Corona contact tracing apps are a novel and promising measure to reduce the spread of COVID-19. They can help to balance the need to maintain normal life and economic activities as much as possible while still avoiding exponentially growing case numbers. However, a majority of citizens needs to be willing to install such an app for it to be effective. Hence, knowledge about drivers for app-uptake is crucial. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to add to our understanding of underlying psychological factors motivating app-uptake. More specifically, we investigated the role of concern for one’s own health and concern to unknowingly infect others. METHODS A two-wave survey with N = 346 German-speaking participants from Switzerland and Germany was conducted. We measured the uptake of two decentralized contact tracing apps officially launched by governments (“Corona-Warn-App”, Germany; “SwissCovid”, Switzerland) as well as concerns regarding COVID-19 and control variables. RESULTS While controlling for demographic variables as well as general attitudes towards the government and the pandemic, logistic regression analysis showed a significant effect of self-focused concerns (Odds Ratio = 1.64, P <.01). Meanwhile, concern to unknowingly infect others did not contribute significantly to the prediction of app-uptake over and above concern for one’s own health (Odds Ratio = 1.01, P = .92). Longitudinal analyses replicated this pattern and showed no support for the possibility that app-uptake provokes changes in levels of concern. Testing for a curvilinear relationship, no evidence was found that “too much” concern leads to defensive reactions and reduces app-uptake. CONCLUSIONS As one of the first studies to assess the installation of already launched corona tracing apps, our study extends our knowledge of the motivational landscape of app-uptake. Based on that, practical implications for communication strategies and app design are discussed. CLINICALTRIAL

Towards a Customer Centric E-Government Application

2013 ◽  
pp. 381-398
Author(s):  
Santhanamery Thominathan ◽  
Ramayah Thurasamy
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Filing System ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Ict Revolution

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has played an important role in today’s global economy. Many countries have gained successful growth due to the implementation of ICT. In Malaysia, increased utilization of ICT has contributed significantly to the total factor productivity. One of the main contributing factors is the e-commerce and Internet based services. Therefore, this case study aims to examine the contribution of the newly introduced E-government application namely E-filing system. E-filing system is a newly developed online tax submission services offered by the government to the tax payers in the country where they are able to easily, quickly and safely file their tax returns. The primary discussion in this case study concerns on the Malaysian’s ICT revolution, followed by the introduction of E-Filing system, the challenges and barriers faced by the government, concluding with the future trends in the implementation of this system.

scholarly journals Digital economy: Basic aspects and the case of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-96
Author(s):  
Žarko Đorić
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Traditional Economy

The global economy, strong competition, changing the nature of the workforce and consumer sophistication have influenced the need to transform the traditional economy into a digital economy, as a new phenomenon that permeates almost all economic and social processes in one society. The aim of the research is to point out the nature and characteristics of the digital economy, as well as its achieved level of development in the Republic of Serbia. The digital economy, showing its global nature, "leaked" to us, and the very process of digitization by the government was set as one of the three pillars of Serbia's development (in addition to economic growth and education). Using case-study method we found that Serbia is still very far from a massive digital lifestyle. Engaging in an ambitious regulatory reform process in the field of telecommunications: all digital services, applications and content depend on the availability of fast and secure infrastructure.

scholarly journals Analysis and prediction of Covid-19 spreading through Bayesian modelling with a case study of Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepmala ◽  
Nishant Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Vineet Kumar ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Bayesian Modelling ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Bayesian Paradigm ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China, and spread worldwide. In India, COVID-19 cases increased rapidly throughout India. Various measures like awareness program, social distancing, and contact tracing have been implemented to control the COVID-19 outbreak. In the absence of any vaccine, the prediction of the confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases is required to enhance the health care system's capacity and control the transmission. In this study, the cumulative and the daily confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases in Uttar Pradesh, India, were analyzed. We used the Logistic and Gompertz non-linear regression model using a Bayesian paradigm. We build the prior distribution of the model using information obtained from some other states of India, which are already reached at the advanced stage of COVID-19. Results from the analysis indicated that the predicted maximum number of confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases will be around 1157335, 5843, and 1145829. The daily number of confirmed, deceased, and recovered cases will be maximum at 104th day, 73rd day, and 124th day from 16 June 2020. Moreover, the COVID-19 will be over probably by early-June, 2021. The analysis did not consider any changes in government control measures. We hope this study can provide some relevant information to the government and health officials.

Towards a Customer Centric E-Government Application

2012 ◽  
pp. 385-402
Author(s):  
Santhanamery Thominathan ◽  
Ramayah Thurasamy
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Filing System ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Ict Revolution

Information Communication Technology (ICT) has played an important role in today’s global economy. Many countries have gained successful growth due to the implementation of ICT. In Malaysia, increased utilization of ICT has contributed significantly to the total factor productivity. One of the main contributing factors is the e-commerce and Internet based services. Therefore, this case study aims to examine the contribution of the newly introduced E-government application, namely E-filing system. E-filing system is a newly developed online tax submission services offered by the government to the tax payers in the country where they are able to easily, quickly and safely file their tax returns. The primary discussion in this case study concerns Malaysia’s ICT revolution, followed by the introduction of E-Filing system, the challenges and barriers faced by the government, and the chapter concludes with future trends in the implementation of this system.

Towards a Customer Centric E-Government Application

2011 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Santhanamery Thominathan ◽  
Ramayah Thurasamy
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Filing System ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Ict Revolution

Information Communication Technology (ICT) have played an important role in today’s global economy. Many countries have gained successful growth due to the implementation of ICT. In Malaysia, increased utilization of ICT has contributed significantly to the total factor productivity. One of the main contributing factors is the e-commerce and Internet based services. Therefore this case study aims to examine the contribution of the newly introduced E-government application namely E-filing system. E-filing system is a newly developed online tax submission services offered by the government to the tax payers in the country where they are able to easily, quickly and safely file their tax returns. The primary discussion in this case study concerns on the Malaysian’s ICT revolution, followed by the introduction of E-Filing system, the challenges and barriers faced by the government and concluded with the future trends in the implementation of this system.

The Global Economy and the Erosion of Civil Rights: The Case of the Philippines

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-88
Author(s):  
Christopher Skene
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Stage Game ◽  
The Government ◽  
Domestic Interests

Today, democracy is widely accepted, almost religiously so, as the best possible form of governance. Yet, despite these widely held beliefs, it is becoming apparent that in an increasing number of instances democratic governments in developing countries have overridden some of the very rights that they are obliged to protect in manners not unlike their authoritarian predecessors. There is now growing awareness of the fact that democratically elected governments in developing countries are often guilty of violating the rights of their people. What is not as well understood is how external pressures can lead to some of these abuses. Using the Philippines as a case study, this paper illustrates how external pressures indeed can lead to situations in which a government condones the violations of certain rights. This occurs when the government is in the middle of a two stage game in which external interests and domestic interests are at odds with each other and the government is in a position in which it must favour the external interests over the domestic.

Designing Better Exposure Notification Apps: The Role of Persuasive Design (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiemute Oyibo ◽  
Plinio Pelegrini Morita
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Motivational Design ◽  
The Government

UNSTRUCTURED Digital contact tracing apps have been deployed worldwide to limit the spread of COVID-19 during this pandemic and to facilitate the lifting of public health restrictions. However, the apps are yet to be widely adopted and require a critical mass of users to be successful. Privacy concerns aside, the minimalist and non-motivational design of the contact tracing apps have been identified as key factors that contribute to low uptake. Using the Government of Canada’s exposure notification app, COVID Alert, as a case study, we demonstrated how incorporating persuasive features in contract tracing apps may improve uptake, usage, reporting diagnosis, and compliance with social distancing guidelines.

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