Using Insights from Behavioural Science and Design Thinking to Develop mHealth Interventions: a Systematic Scoping Review (Preprint)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Voorheis ◽  
Albert Zhao ◽  
Kerry Kuluski ◽  
Quynh Pham ◽  
Ted Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Design Science ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Behavioural Science

BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) interventions are increasingly being designed to facilitate health-related behaviour change. Integrating insights from behavioural science and design science can help support the development of more effective mHealth interventions. Behavioural Design (BD) and Design Thinking (DT) have emerged as best practice approaches in their respective fields. Until now, little work has been done to examine how BD and DT can be integrated throughout the mHealth design process. OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence on how insights from BD and DT can be integrated to guide the design of mHealth interventions. The following questions were addressed: (1) what are the main characteristics of studies that integrate BD and DT during the mHealth design process? (2) what approaches do mHealth design teams use to integrate BD and DT during the mHealth design process? (3) what are key implementation considerations, design challenges, and future directions for integrating BD and DT during mHealth design? METHODS We identified relevant studies from MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL and JMIR using search terms related to mHealth, behavioural design, and design thinking. Included articles had to clearly describe their mHealth design process and how behaviour change theories, models, frameworks, or techniques were incorporated. Two independent reviewers screened articles for inclusion and completed the data extraction. A descriptive analysis was conducted. RESULTS A total of 75 articles met the inclusion criteria. All studies were published between 2012 and 2021. Studies integrated BD and DT in notable ways, which we refer to as “Behavioural Design Thinking”. Five steps were followed in the “Behavioural Design Thinking” approach: (1) empathise with users and their behaviour change needs, (2) define user and behaviour change requirements, (3) ideate user-centred features and behaviour change content, (4) prototype a user-centred solution that supports behaviour change, (5) test the solution against users’ needs and for its behaviour change potential. Key challenges experienced during mHealth design included meaningfully engaging patient and public partners in the design process, translating evidence-based behaviour change techniques into actual mHealth features, and planning for how to integrate the mHealth intervention into existing clinical systems. Guidance is needed on how to conduct the design process itself, how to meaningfully engage key stakeholders, and how to operationalize behaviour change techniques in a user-friendly and context-specific way. CONCLUSIONS Best practices from BD and DT can be integrated throughout the mHealth design process to ensure that mHealth interventions are purposefully developed to effectively engage users. Although this scoping review clarified how insights from BD and DT could be integrated during mHealth design, future research is needed to identify the most effective design approaches. CLINICALTRIAL n/a

scholarly journals Play interventions for paediatric patients in hospital: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e051957
Author(s):  
Line Klingen Gjærde ◽  
Jane Hybschmann ◽  
Daniel Dybdal ◽  
Martha Krogh Topperzer ◽  
Morten Arnborg Schrøder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Study Selection

ObjectivePlay is a non-invasive, safe and inexpensive intervention that can help paediatric patients and their families manage difficult aspects of being ill or hospitalised. Although play has existed in hospitals for decades, research on hospital play interventions is scarce. This review aimed to categorise and synthesise the last 20 years of research on hospital play interventions.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ERIC and PsycINFO (1 January 2000– 9 September 2020).Study selection and data extractionWe systematically searched for original peer-reviewed articles, written in English, on hospital play interventions in paediatric patients (0–18 years) in non-psychiatric settings. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, reviewed full text of relevant articles and extracted data. We thematically synthesised the data from the included studies, and a descriptive analysis, based on a developed framework, is presented.ResultsOf the 297 included articles, 78% came from high-income countries and 56% were published within the last 5 years. Play interventions were carried out across all ages by various healthcare professionals. Play interventions served different roles within four clinical contexts: A) procedures and diagnostic tests, B) patient education, C) treatment and recovery and D) adaptation. Across these contexts, play interventions were generally facilitated and purpose-oriented and had positive reported effects on pain, stress, and anxiety.ConclusionsPlay in hospitals is an emerging interdisciplinary research area with a significant potential benefit for child and family health. Future research should further describe principles for play in hospitals. High-quality studies investigating short-term and long-term effects are needed to guide when and how to best integrate play in hospitals.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Digital Tools for Weight Loss Maintenance: The NoHoW Project

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
R. James Stubbs ◽  
Cristiana Duarte ◽  
António L. Palmeira ◽  
Falko F. Sniehotta ◽  
Graham Horgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioural Science ◽  
Digital Architecture

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Effective interventions and commercial programmes for weight loss (WL) are widely available, but most people regain weight. Few effective WL maintenance (WLM) solutions exist. The most promising evidence-based behaviour change techniques for WLM are self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning and control, building self-efficacy, and techniques that promote autonomous motivation (e.g., provide choice). Stress management and emotion regulation techniques show potential for prevention of relapse and weight regain. Digital technologies (including networked-wireless tracking technologies, online tools and smartphone apps, multimedia resources, and internet-based support) offer attractive tools for teaching and supporting long-term behaviour change techniques. However, many digital offerings for weight management tend not to include evidence-based content and the evidence base is still limited. <b><i>The Project:</i></b> First, the project examined why, when, and how many European citizens make WL and WLM attempts and how successful they are. Second, the project employed the most up-to-date behavioural science research to develop a digital toolkit for WLM based on 2 key conditions, i.e., self-management (self-regulation and motivation) of behaviour and self-management of emotional responses for WLM. Then, the NoHoW trial tested the efficacy of this digital toolkit in adults who achieved clinically significant (≥5%) WL in the previous 12 months (initial BMI ≥25). The primary outcome was change in weight (kg) at 12 months from baseline. Secondary outcomes included biological, psychological, and behavioural moderators and mediators of long-term energy balance (EB) behaviours, and user experience, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness. <b><i>Impact:</i></b> The project will directly feed results from studies on European consumer behaviour, design and evaluation of digital toolkits self-management of EB behaviours into development of new products and services for WLM and digital health. The project has developed a framework and digital architecture for interventions in the context of EB tracking and will generate results that will help inform the next generation of personalised interventions for effective self-management of weight and health.

Virtual Reality in Medical Students’ Education: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Jiang ◽  
Sunitha Vimalesvaran ◽  
Jeremy King Wang ◽  
Kee Boon Lim ◽  
Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychomotor Skills ◽  
Group Setting

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) is a digital education modality that produces a virtual manifestation of the real world and it has been increasingly used in medical education. As VR encompasses different modalities, tools and applications, there is a need to explore how VR has been employed in medical education. OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to map existing research on the use of VR in undergraduate medical education and to identify areas of future research METHODS We performed a search of 4 bibliographic databases in December 2020, with data extracted using a standardized data extraction form. The data was narratively synthesized and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. RESULTS Of 114 included studies, 69 studies (61%) reported the use of commercially available surgical VR simulators. Other VR modalities included 3D models (15 [14%]) and virtual worlds (20 [18%]), mainly used for anatomy education. Most of the VR modalities included were semi-immersive (68 [60%]) and of high interactivity (79 [70%]). There is limited evidence on the use of more novel VR modalities such as mobile VR and virtual dissection tables (8 [7%]), as well as the use of VR for training of non-surgical and non-psychomotor skills (20 [18%]) or in group setting (16 [14%]). Only 3 studies reported the use conceptual frameworks or theories in the design of VR. CONCLUSIONS Despite extensive research available on VR in medical education, there continues to be important gaps in the evidence. Future studies should explore the use of VR for the development of non-psychomotor skills and in areas other than surgery and anatomy.

scholarly journals Complex Lifestyle and Psychological Intervention in Knee Osteoarthritis: Scoping Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12757
Author(s):  
Bryan Yijia Tan ◽  
Tivona Thach ◽  
Yasmin Lynda Munro ◽  
Soren Thorgaard Skou ◽  
Julian Thumboo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Knee Oa

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes pain, disability and poor quality of life in the elderly. The primary aim was to identify and map out the current evidence for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on complex lifestyle and psychosocial interventions for knee OA. The secondary aim was to outline different components of complex lifestyle and psychosocial interventions. Our scoping review searched five databases from 2000 to 2021 where complex lifestyle or psychosocial interventions for patients with knee OA were compared to other interventions. Screening and data extraction were performed by two review authors independently and discrepancies resolved through consensus and in parallel with a third reviewer. A total of 38 articles were selected: 9 studied the effectiveness of psychological interventions; 11 were on self-management and lifestyle interventions; 18 looked at multifaceted interventions. This review highlights the substantial variation in knee OA interventions and the overall lack of quality in the current literature. Potential areas of future research, including identifying prognostic social factors, stratified care models, transdisciplinary care delivery and technology augmented interventions, have been identified. Further high-quality RCTs utilizing process evaluations and economic evaluation in accordance with the MRC guidelines are critical for the development of evidence-based knee OA programs globally.

scholarly journals Exploration of implementation, financial and technical considerations within allied health professional (AHP) telehealth consultation guidance: a scoping review including UK AHP professional bodies’ guidance

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e055823
Author(s):  
Enza Leone ◽  
Nicola Eddison ◽  
Aoife Healy ◽  
Carolyn Royse ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Allied Health ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Allied Health Professionals ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a shift to remote consultations, but telehealth consultation guidelines are lacking or inconsistent. Therefore, a scoping review was performed to chart the information in the articles exploring telehealth for the UK allied health professionals (AHPs) and compare them with the UK AHP professional bodies’ guidelines.DesignScoping review following Aksey and O’ Malley methodological framework.Data sourcesCINHAL and MEDLINE were searched from inception to March 2021 using terms related to ‘telehealth’, ‘guidelines’ and ‘AHPs’. Additionally, the UK AHP professional bodies were contacted requesting their guidelines.Study selectionArticles exploring telehealth for patient consultations, written in English and published in peer-reviewed journal or guidelines available from UK AHP professional bodies/their websites were considered eligible for review.Data extractionOne reviewer extracted data concerning three overarching domains: implementation, financial and technological considerations.Results2632 articles were identified through database searches with 21 articles eligible for review. Eight guidelines were obtained from the UK AHP professional bodies with a total of 29 included articles/guidelines. Most articles were published in the last two years; there was variety in telehealth terminology, and most were developed for occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech and language therapists. Information was lacking about the assessment of telehealth use and effectiveness, barriers and limitations, the logistical management, the family’s and caregiver’s roles and the costs. There was lack of clarity on the AHPs’ registration requirements, costs and coverage, and legal aspects.ConclusionThis study identified gaps in current guidelines, which showed similarities as well as discrepancies with the guidance for non-AHP healthcare professionals and revealed that the existing guidelines do not adequately support AHPs delivering telehealth consultations. Future research and collaborative work across AHP groups and the world’s leading health institutions are suggested to establish common guidelines that will improve AHP telehealth services.

The application of human-centered design approaches in health research and innovation: a systematic review of current practices. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Göttgens ◽  
Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Human Centered Design ◽  
Health Innovations

BACKGROUND Design-based approaches to healthcare strive to support the development of innovative, effective and person-centered solutions for healthcare. Although their use is increasing, there is no systematic overview describing the details of human centered design (HCD) methods in health innovations. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide an overview of human centered design approaches applied for the development of health innovations, with the aim of assisting healthcare workers and design researchers in selecting suitable methods for participatory and human centered design processes. METHODS We performed electronic searches in Pubmed, CINHAL, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycInfo and Sociological Abstracts (2000 – 2020) using search terms related to “human-centered design”, “design thinking”(DT) and “user-centered design”(UCD). Abstracts and full-text articles were screened by two reviewers independently based on predefined inclusion criteria. Data extraction focussed on (a) the methodology employed throughout the research process, (b) the choice of methods in different phases of the innovation cycle and (c) the level of engagement of end-users. RESULTS A wide variation of design-based practices are increasingly applied in health research. Design-based approaches are applied in health research in combination with traditional qualitative and quantitative approaches. All included studies structured the innovation process using a variation of the following phases: understand – define – generate ideas – test. HCD/DT-based research primarily targeted understanding the context and defining the problem whereas UCD-based work focused mainly on the direct generation of solutions. CONCLUSIONS Design-based researchers should tailor their choice of design methods according to their primary focus; problem identification or solution development. Design techniques are challenging to evaluate with traditional biomedical research methods, limiting the opportunity for standardized assessment. Future research on HCD practices should focus on the development of specific standards, transdisciplinary evaluation methods, and guidelines for stakeholder engagement.

scholarly journals Type and use of digital technology in learning health systems: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e026204
Author(s):  
Lysanne Lessard ◽  
Agnes Grudniewicz ◽  
Antoine Sauré ◽  
Agnieszka Szczotka ◽  
James King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Review Protocol

IntroductionHealth systems in North America and Europe have been criticised for their lack of safety, efficiency and effectiveness despite rising healthcare costs. In response, healthcare leaders and researchers have articulated the need to transform current health systems into continuously and rapidly learning health systems (LHSs). While digital technology has been envisioned as providing the transformational power for LHSs by generating timely evidence and supporting best care practices, it remains to be ascertained if it is indeed playing this role in current LHS initiatives. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review that aims at providing a comprehensive understanding of how and to what extent digital technology is used within LHSs. Results will help to identify gaps in the literature as a means to guide future research on this topic.Methods and analysisMultiple databases and grey literature will be searched with terms related to learning health systems. Records selection will be done in duplicate by two reviewers applying pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction from selected records will be done by two reviewers using a piloted data charting form. Results will be synthesised through a descriptive numerical summary and a mapping of digital technology use onto types of LHSs and phases of learning within LHSs.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this scoping review. Preliminary results will be shared with stakeholders to account for their perspectives when drawing conclusions. Final results will be disseminated through presentations at relevant conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of premature ventricular contraction among adult patients: protocol for a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukardi Suba ◽  
Michele M. Pelter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions

Abstract Background Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are one of the most common arrhythmias detected from electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. PVCs were thought to cause lethal arrhythmias and thus were closely monitored and treated. However, in current practice, PVCs generally do not required treatment. There is also concern that PVCs contribute to excessive alarms and lead to alarm fatigue. Practice guidelines for in-hospital monitoring state that monitoring for PVCs may be indicated on some patients but do not recommend continuous ECG monitoring. Despite these recommendations, PVC monitoring practices remain part of routine care, especially in the intensive care unit, for worry of missing potentially significant arrhythmia events. A thorough scoping review of the literature regarding the clinical significance of PVC is imperative, precisely to map out the evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic values of PVCs and to identify research gaps on this issue. Methods The primary question of this review is “what is the clinical significance of PVCs in adults?” Preparation of this scoping review will use the PRISMA-P statement. A scoping review framework by Arksey and O’Malley will be adopted. In identifying relevant studies, the Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework by the Joanna Briggs Institute will be used. A search strategy will be developed, and four major electronic databases will be searched: CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. Manual searches will also be conducted. The study selection process will adopt the 2009 PRISMA flow diagram. EndNote X8 will be used to manage citations, as well as for duplicates screening in addition to Microsoft Excel 2016. Two independent reviewers will assess potential studies in detail against inclusion criteria. A standardized data extraction form will be developed. Finally, critical appraisal will be conducted using a tool adapted from the Quality Appraisal Checklist by the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE). Discussion We believe this scoping review will provide a general foundation of evidence on the potential significance of PVCs concerning its diagnostic and prognostic value among the adult patient population. The findings will allow us to map out research gaps on this topic that could shape future research and ultimately clinical practice. Scoping review registration This scoping review has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF), DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GAVT2.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on HIV status awareness among key and vulnerable populations in sub-Sahara Africa: a scoping review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Avoka ◽  
Patience Adzordor ◽  
Vitalis Bawontuo ◽  
Diana A. Akila ◽  
Desmond Kuupiel
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) continue to be a major public health issue, especially in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). Literature shows significant HIV status awareness, testing, and treatment have generally improved among the population since the inception of the UNAIDS 90:90:90 programme. Despite this, it is possible literature gaps exist that require future research to inform in-country programmes to improve the gains post-UNAIDS 90:90:90 programme. This study, therefore, aims to synthesize literature and describe the evidence on HIV status awareness among key and vulnerable populations in SSA focusing on the first UNAIDS 90 since it is essential for treatment initiation. Method This systematic scoping review will be guided by the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and improved by Levac and colleagues. Literature searches will be conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Science Direct from 2016 to 2020. A snowball approach will also be used to search for relevant articles from the reference of all included studies. This study will include both published and grey literature, articles that include HIV key and vulnerable populations, HIV status awareness, and evidence from SSA countries. Two reviewers will independently conduct the abstract and full-text article screening as well as pilot the data extraction form. Thematic content analysis and a summary of the themes and sub-themes will be reported narratively. Discussions The evidence that will be provided by this study may be useful to inform in-country programmes to improve the gains made post-UNAIDS 90:90:90 programme from 2021 onwards. This study also anticipates identifying literature gaps to guide researchers interested in this field of study in the future. Peer review journals, policy briefs, and conference platforms will be used to disseminate this study’s findings.

scholarly journals Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Breaking Up Sitting Time among Desk-Based Office Workers: A Qualitative Investigation Using the TDF and COM-B

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson O. Ojo ◽  
Daniel P. Bailey ◽  
David J. Hewson ◽  
Angel M. Chater
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Organisational Support ◽  
Sitting Behaviour

High amounts of sedentary behaviour, such as sitting, can lead to adverse health consequences. Interventions to break up prolonged sitting in the workplace have used active workstations, although few studies have used behaviour change theory. This study aimed to combine the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation to Behaviour system (COM-B) to investigate perceived barriers and facilitators to breaking up sitting in desk-based office workers. Semi-structured interviews with 25 desk-based employees investigated barriers and facilitators to breaking up sitting in the workplace. Seven core inductive themes were identified: ‘Knowledge-deficit sitting behaviour’, ‘Willingness to change’, ‘Tied to the desk’, ‘Organisational support and interpersonal influences’, ‘Competing motivations’, ‘Emotional influences’, and ‘Inadequate cognitive resources for action’. These themes were then deductively mapped to 11 of the 14 TDF domains and five of the six COM-B constructs. Participants believed that high amounts of sitting had adverse consequences but lacked knowledge regarding recommendations and were at times unmotivated to change. Physical and social opportunities were identified as key influences, including organisational support and height-adjustable desks. Future research should identify intervention functions, policy categories and behaviour change techniques to inform tailored interventions to change sitting behaviour of office workers.

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