scholarly journals WIC Eligibility and Participation: The Roles of Changing Policies, Economic Conditions, and Demographics

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Swann
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Medicaid Expansions

Abstract This paper studies WIC eligibility and participation. These outcomes are related to economic conditions, Medicaid, cash welfare, and WIC policies, and demographic characteristics. The analysis uses state level data from 1983 to 2006, a period that covers significant expansion in the Medicaid program, the transition from AFDC to TANF, and significant changes in economic conditions. The results show that take-up has increased more than eligibility over this time period. Separating eligibility and participation is important because a number of state characteristics have opposite effects on these outcomes. Economic conditions, the Medicaid expansions, and immigration in the post-TANF period are shown to be associated with WIC eligibility and participation.

scholarly journals Budgetary Impacts of Central Fiscal Transfers in India: Evidence from State Level Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasant Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Affect States

The paper empirically examines the impacts of federal transfers on State tax efforts and expenditure taking into consideration a panel data set of 22 Indian States for the time-period 1980-81 to 2007-08. Dynamic panel equations are specified and system GMM estimation techniques are adopted to obtain the regression coefficients. The results suggest that federal transfers have adverse incentives on budgetary initiatives of States in mobilizing their own tax resources and regulating expenditure. Federal transfers as a whole adversely affect states Tax-GSDP ratio and per capita own tax revenues. Similarly, federal transfers have important influence on the size and pattern of States spending. All categories of States expenditure like revenue expenditure, capital disbursements and aggregate expenditure are stimulated by the large availability of Central transfers. Expenditure impact of transfers is more realised on revenue expenditure than capital disbursements. The author calls for review of existing design of transfers and criteria, proper assessment of non-plan revenue deficit grants, review of ratio of specific transfers to lump-sum transfers and increasing the scope of formula based transfers to handle adverse budgetary incentives of federal transfers.

THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS CLIMATE, FOREIGN POPULATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT ON NEW VENTURE CREATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK HOELSCHER ◽  
BALASUBRAMANIAN ELANGO
Keyword(s):  
New Ventures ◽  
State Level ◽  
New Venture ◽  
New Venture Creation ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Foreign Population ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper seeks to add to the literature on regional factors that drive development of new ventures. In particular, it investigates the effects of business climate, foreign population and unemployment on new venture creation. Using state level data from the time period 2003–2007, we find that while business climate and foreign population are positively related to new venture creation, unemployment is negatively related. Implications of this study for fostering entrepreneurship are discussed.

Evolving Consumption Patterns in the U.S. Alcohol Market: Disaggregated Spatial Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrett Hart ◽  
Julian M. Alston
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data

AbstractGlobal consumption patterns for alcoholic beverages are evolving, with some convergence in per capita consumption among nations as traditionally beer-drinking nations increase their consumption of wine and, conversely, wine-consuming nations shift towards beer. This article explores regional patterns of alcoholic beverage consumption within the United States. One purpose is to see if similar patterns of spatial convergence in consumption patterns can be observed within countries as have been documented in international comparisons. A more fundamental purpose is to explore the converse question and seek to better understand the persistent differences in alcoholic beverage consumption among groups. These issues are addressed using annual U.S. national and state-level data over four decades and, for the more recent period, supermarket scanner data at finer scales of geopolitical aggregation. Socioeconomic and other demographic variables appear to play significant roles in accounting for the spatial differences in consumption patterns, although the details vary across different models and data sets. The analysis of demand using less-aggregative data for a shorter time period reveals some shortcomings in the corresponding analysis based on state-level data over a longer time period, but with poorly measured prices. These findings might extrapolate to studies making international comparisons using national aggregate data. (JEL Classifications: D12, L66)

Engagement Through the Diaspora Channel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

The first empirical task is to identify the characteristics of municipalities which US-based migrants have come together to support financially. Using a nationwide, municipal-level data set compiled by the author, the chapter estimates several multivariate statistical models to compare municipalities that did not benefit from the 3x1 Program for Migrants with those that did, and seeks to explain variation in the number and value of 3x1 projects. The analysis shows that migrants are more likely to contribute where migrant civil society has become more deeply institutionalized at the state level and in places with longer histories as migrant-sending places. Furthermore, the results suggest that political factors are at play, as projects have disproportionately benefited states and municipalities where the PAN had a stronger presence, with fewer occurring elsewhere.

scholarly journals Longitudinal rates of hospital adverse events that contributed to death in Norway and Sweden from 2013 to 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 251604352110261
Author(s):  
Ellen Tveter Deilkås ◽  
Marion Haugen ◽  
Madeleine Borgstedt Risberg ◽  
Hanne Narbuvold ◽  
Øystein Flesland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Linear Trends

Objectives In this paper, we explore and compare types and longitudinal trends of hospital adverse events in Norway and Sweden in the years 2013–2018 with special reference to AEs that contributed to death. Design Acute care hospitals in both countries performed medical record reviews on randomly selected medical records from all eligible admissions. Analysis: Comparison between Norway and Sweden of linear trends from 2013–2018, and percentage rates of admissions with at least one AE according to types and severities. Setting Norway and Sweden have similar socio-economic and demographic characteristics, which constitutes a relevant context for cooperation, comparison and mutual learning. This setting has promoted the use of GTT to monitor national rates of AEs in hospital care in the two countries. Participants 53 367 medical records in Norway and 88 637 medical records in Sweden were reviewed. Results 13.2% of hospital admissions in Norway and 13.1% in Sweden were associated with an AE of all severities (E-I). 0.23% of hospital admissions in Norway and 0.26% in Sweden were associated with an AE that contributed to death (I). The differences between the two countries were not statistically significant. Conclusions There were no significant differences in overall rates (E-I) of AEs in Norway and Sweden, nor in rates of AEs that contributed to death (I). There was no significant change in AEs or fatal AEs in either country over the six-year time period.

The Element of Surprise: Election Timing and Opposition Preparedness

2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402199717
Author(s):  
Charles T. McClean
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Electoral Accountability ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Election Timing

How can incumbent governments benefit when they control the timing of elections? The conventional wisdom is that incumbents gain an advantage by timing elections to coincide with favorable economic conditions. An alternative mechanism that has received less attention is the element of surprise: the incumbent’s ability to exploit the opposition’s lack of election preparedness. I theorize and empirically test this surprise mechanism using candidate-level data from Japanese House of Representatives elections (1955–2017). The results show that in surprise elections, opposition parties recruit fewer, lower-quality candidates, spend less money campaigning, coordinate their candidates less effectively, and ultimately receive fewer votes and seats. Evidence from fixed effects models and exogenously timed by-elections further suggest that surprise matters more in shorter, competitive election campaigns and helps incumbents more with confronting inter-party as opposed to intra-party electoral competition. These findings add to our understanding of how strategic election timing can undermine electoral accountability.

Legalization of Medical Cannabis and Site of Death: Evidence From National Vital Statistics Mortality Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 073346482110587
Author(s):  
Divya Bhagianadh ◽  
Kanika Arora
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Poor Outcomes

We examined whether Medical Marijuana Legislation (MML) was associated with site of death. Using state-level data (1992–2018) from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS), we employed difference-in-differences method to compare changes in death rate among older adults at four sites—nursing home (NH), hospital, home, hospice/other—over time in states with and without MML. Heterogeneity analyses were conducted by timing of MML adoption, and by decedent characteristics. Results show a negative association between MML implementation and NH deaths. Among early adopters (states with weakly regulated programs) and decedents with musculoskeletal disorders, there was a positive association between MML implementation and hospital deaths, whereas among late adopters (states with “medicalized” programs), there was a positive association between MML implementation and hospice deaths. Decline in NH deaths may reflect increased likelihood of transfers due to threat of Federal enforcement, penalties for poor outcomes, and liability concerns. Future studies should examine these associations further.

scholarly journals Visualizing Belief in Meritocracy, 1930–2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311881180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. B. Mijs
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Western World ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Over Time

In this figure I describe the long trend in popular belief in meritocracy across the Western world between 1930 and 2010. Studying trends in attitudes is limited by the paucity of survey data that can be compared across countries and over time. Here, I show how to complement survey waves with cohort-level data. Repeated surveys draw on a representative sample of the population to describe the typical beliefs held by citizens in a given country and period. Leveraging the fact that citizens surveyed in a given year were born in different time-periods allows for a comparison of beliefs across birth cohorts. The latter overlaps with the former, but considerably extends the time period covered by the data. Taken together, the two measures give a “triangulated” longitudinal record of popular belief in meritocracy. I find that in most countries, popular belief in meritocracy is (much) stronger for more recent periods and cohorts.

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