scholarly journals Transcript Expression Patterns Illuminate the Mechanistic Background of Hormesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans Maupas

Dose-Response ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. dose-response.1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian E.W. Steinberg ◽  
Kerstin Pietsch ◽  
Nadine Saul ◽  
Stefanie Menzel ◽  
Suresh C. Swain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcript Expression

scholarly journals Identification of transcriptional networks responding to pyrroloquinoline quinone dietary supplementation and their influence on thioredoxin expression, and the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways

2010 ◽  
Vol 429 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eskouhie Tchaparian ◽  
Lisa Marshal ◽  
Gene Cutler ◽  
Kathryn Bauerly ◽  
Winyoo Chowanadisai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) improves energy utilization and reproductive performance when added to rodent diets devoid of PQQ. In the present paper we describe changes in gene expression patterns and transcriptional networks that respond to dietary PQQ restriction or pharmacological administration. Rats were fed diets either deficient in PQQ (PQQ−) or supplemented with PQQ (approx. 6 nmol of PQQ/g of food; PQQ+). In addition, groups of rats were either repleted by administering PQQ to PQQ− rats (1.5 mg of PQQ intraperitoneal/kg of body weight at 12 h intervals for 36 h; PQQ−/+) or partially depleted by feeding the PQQ− diet to PQQ+ rats for 48 h (PQQ+/−). RNA extracted from liver and a Codelink® UniSet Rat I Bioarray system were used to assess gene transcript expression. Of the approx. 10000 rat sequences and control probes analysed, 238 were altered at the P<0.01 level by feeding on the PQQ− diet for 10 weeks. Short-term PQQ depletion resulted in changes in 438 transcripts (P<0.01). PQQ repletion reversed the changes in transcript expression caused by PQQ deficiency and resulted in an alteration of 847 of the total transcripts examined (P<0.01). Genes important for cellular stress (e.g. thioredoxin), mitochondriogenesis, cell signalling [JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways] and transport were most affected. qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) and functional assays aided in validating such processes as principal targets. Collectively, the results provide a mechanistic basis for previous functional observations associated with PQQ deficiency or PQQ administered in pharmacological amounts.

scholarly journals Distinct Laminar and Cellular Patterns of GABA Neuron Transcript Expression in Monkey Prefrontal and Visual Cortices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J Dienel ◽  
Andrew J Ciesielski ◽  
Holly H Bazmi ◽  
Elizabeth A Profozich ◽  
Kenneth N Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Gaba Neuron ◽  
Cell Type Specific

Abstract The functional output of a cortical region is shaped by its complement of GABA neuron subtypes. GABA-related transcript expression differs substantially between the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and primary visual (V1) cortices in gray matter homogenates, but the laminar and cellular bases for these differences are unknown. Quantification of levels of GABA-related transcripts in layers 2 and 4 of monkey DLPFC and V1 revealed three distinct expression patterns: 1) transcripts with higher levels in DLPFC and layer 2 [e.g., somatostatin (SST)]; 2) transcripts with higher levels in V1 and layer 4 [e.g., parvalbumin (PV)], and 3) transcripts with similar levels across layers and regions [e.g., glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67)]. At the cellular level, these patterns reflected transcript- and cell type-specific differences: the SST pattern primarily reflected differences in the relative proportions of SST mRNA-positive neurons, the PV pattern primarily reflected differences in PV mRNA expression per neuron, and the GAD67 pattern reflected opposed patterns in the relative proportions of GAD67 mRNA-positive neurons and in GAD67 mRNA expression per neuron. These findings suggest that differences in the complement of GABA neuron subtypes and in gene expression levels per neuron contribute to the specialization of inhibitory neurotransmission across cortical circuits.

scholarly journals Tetraspanins TSP-12 and TSP-14 function redundantly to regulate the trafficking of the type II BMP receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 2968-2977
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Liu ◽  
Herong Shi ◽  
Anthony K. Nzessi ◽  
Anne Norris ◽  
Barth D. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Bmp Receptors

Tetraspanins are a unique family of 4-pass transmembrane proteins that play important roles in a variety of cell biological processes. We have previously shown that 2 paralogous tetraspanins in Caenorhabditis elegans, TSP-12 and TSP-14, function redundantly to promote bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the expression and subcellular localization patterns of endogenously tagged TSP-12 and TSP-14 proteins. We found that TSP-12 and TSP-14 share overlapping expression patterns in multiple cell types, and that both proteins are localized on the cell surface and in various types of endosomes, including early, late, and recycling endosomes. Animals lacking both TSP-12 and TSP-14 exhibit reduced cell-surface levels of the BMP type II receptor DAF-4/BMPRII, along with impaired endosome morphology and mislocalization of DAF-4/BMPRII to late endosomes and lysosomes. These findings indicate that TSP-12 and TSP-14 are required for the recycling of DAF-4/BMPRII. Together with previous findings that the type I receptor SMA-6 is recycled via the retromer complex, our work demonstrates the involvement of distinct recycling pathways for the type I and type II BMP receptors and highlights the importance of tetraspanin-mediated intracellular trafficking in the regulation of BMP signaling in vivo. As TSP-12 and TSP-14 are conserved in mammals, our findings suggest that the mammalian TSP-12 and TSP-14 homologs may also function in regulating transmembrane protein recycling and BMP signaling.

scholarly journals Tissue- and paralogue-specific functions of acyl-CoA-binding proteins in lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans

2011 ◽  
Vol 437 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida C. Elle ◽  
Karina T. Simonsen ◽  
Louise C. B. Olsen ◽  
Pernille K. Birck ◽  
Sidse Ehmsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Quadruple Mutant

ACBP (acyl-CoA-binding protein) is a small primarily cytosolic protein that binds acyl-CoA esters with high specificity and affinity. ACBP has been identified in all eukaryotic species, indicating that it performs a basal cellular function. However, differential tissue expression and the existence of several ACBP paralogues in many eukaryotic species indicate that these proteins serve distinct functions. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans expresses seven ACBPs: four basal forms and three ACBP domain proteins. We find that each of these paralogues is capable of complementing the growth of ACBP-deficient yeast cells, and that they exhibit distinct temporal and tissue expression patterns in C. elegans. We have obtained loss-of-function mutants for six of these forms. All single mutants display relatively subtle phenotypes; however, we find that functional loss of ACBP-1 leads to reduced triacylglycerol (triglyceride) levels and aberrant lipid droplet morphology and number in the intestine. We also show that worms lacking ACBP-2 show a severe decrease in the β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. A quadruple mutant, lacking all basal ACBPs, is slightly developmentally delayed, displays abnormal intestinal lipid storage, and increased β-oxidation. Collectively, the present results suggest that each of the ACBP paralogues serves a distinct function in C. elegans.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial expression patterns of the small heat shock (hsp16) genes in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Stringham ◽  
D K Dixon ◽  
D Jones ◽  
E P Candido
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Pair ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Noncoding Sequences ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Beta Galactosidase

The expression of the hsp16 gene family in Caenorhabditis elegans has been examined by introducing hsp16-lacZ fusions into the nematode by transformation. Transcription of the hsp16-lacZ transgenes was totally heat-shock dependent and resulted in the rapid synthesis of detectable levels of beta-galactosidase. Although the two hsp16 gene pairs of C. elegans are highly similar within both their coding and noncoding sequences, quantitative and qualitative differences in the spatial pattern of expression between gene pairs were observed. The hsp16-48 promoter was shown to direct greater expression of beta-galactosidase in muscle and hypodermis, whereas the hsp16-41 promoter was more efficient in intestine and pharyngeal tissue. Transgenes that eliminated one promoter from a gene pair were expressed at reduced levels, particularly in postembryonic stages, suggesting that the heat shock elements in the intergenic region of an hsp16 gene pair may act cooperatively to achieve high levels of expression of both genes. Although the hsp16 gene pairs are never constitutively expressed, their heat inducibility is developmentally restricted; they are not heat inducible during gametogenesis or early embryogenesis. The hsp16 genes represent the first fully inducible system in C. elegans to be characterized in detail at the molecular level, and the promoters of these genes should find wide applicability in studies of tissue- and developmentally regulated genes in this experimental organism.

scholarly journals Histomorphological Comparisons and Expression Patterns of BOLL Gene in Sheep Testes at Different Development Stages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taotao Li ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Zhili Chen ◽  
Xingxu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Sperm Maturity

BOLL is implicated in mammalian testicular function maintenance and spermatogenesis. To understand the expression patterns and biological functions of sheep BOLL, we examined the expression and immunolocalization of BOLL in the developing testes of Small-Tail Han sheep aged 0 days (D0), 2 months (2M), 5 months (5M), 1 year (1Y), and 2 years (2Y), by qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry methods. Firstly, morphological studies revealed that, in addition to spermatogonia, ordered and clear spermatocytes, as well as round and elongated spermatids and sperm, were found in the 1Y and 2Y testicular seminiferous tubules of the sheep testes, compared with the D0, 2M, and 5M testes, as analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The diameter and area of the seminiferous tubules, epithelial thickness, and the area and perimeter of the tubule lumens gradually increased with age. BOLL was specifically expressed in testes and upregulation of BOLL transcript expression was higher in the testes of the 1Y and 2Y groups than in those of the D0, 2M, and 5M groups. Similarly, BOLL protein was expressed mainly in the 1Y and 2Y testes, ranging from primary spermatocytes to round spermatids, as well as in the spermatozoa. This study is the first demonstration that sheep BOLL might serve as a key regulator of the spermiogenesis involved in sperm maturity, in addition to its role as a crucial meiotic regulator.

scholarly journals Cilium Length and Intraflagellar Transport Regulation by Kinases PKG-1 and GCK-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans Sensory Neurons

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muniesh Muthaiyan Shanmugam ◽  
Prerana Bhan ◽  
Hsin-Yi Huang ◽  
Jung Hsieh ◽  
Tzu-En Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Intraflagellar Transport ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tubulin Acetylation

ABSTRACT To understand how ciliopathies such as polycystic kidney disease or Bardet-Biedl syndrome develop, we need to understand the basic molecular mechanisms underlying cilium development. Cilium growth depends on the presence of functional intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, and we hypothesized that various kinases and phosphatases might be involved in this regulatory process. A candidate screen revealed two kinases, PKG-1 (a cGMP-dependent protein kinase) and GCK-2 (a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 3 [MAP4K3] kinase involved in mTOR signaling), significantly affecting dye filling, chemotaxis, cilium morphology, and IFT component distribution. PKG-1 and GCK-2 show similar expression patterns in Caenorhabditis elegans cilia and colocalize with investigated IFT machinery components. In pkg-1 mutants, a high level of accumulation of kinesin-2 OSM-3 in distal segments was observed in conjunction with an overall reduction of anterograde and retrograde IFT particle A transport, likely as a function of reduced tubulin acetylation. In contrast, in gck-2 mutants, both kinesin-2 motility and IFT particle A motility were significantly elevated in the middle segments, in conjunction with increased tubulin acetylation, possibly the cause of longer cilium growth. Observed effects in mutants can be also seen in manipulating upstream and downstream effectors of the respective cGMP and mTOR pathways. Importantly, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed no structural changes in cilia of pkg-1 and gck-2 mutants.

SXP/RAL-2 proteins of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis: secreted proteins of the hypodermis and amphids

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jones ◽  
Vivian Blok ◽  
Geert Smant
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cdna Sequences ◽  
Pomme De Terre

AbstractA family of secreted proteins (the SXP/RAL-2 proteins) has been identified in animal parasitic nematodes and Caenorhabditis elegans. In this paper, we describe two full length cDNA sequences from the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis which could encode proteins similar to SXP/ RAL-2 proteins. We show that although both genes are expressed in second stage juveniles and in sedentary females of G. rostochiensis, they have remarkably different spatial expression patterns. The mRNA derived from one of the genes (gr-sxp-1) was present in the hypodermis, as has been described previously for one of these genes in an animal parasitic nematode. However, expression of the mRNA from the other gene was restricted to the gland cells surrounding the amphidial sense organs (the sheath cells). In addition to providing the first description of SXP proteins from a plant parasitic nematode, this work provides the first detailed characterisation of a protein secreted from the amphids of a plant parasite. Les protéines SXP/ RAL-2 du nématode à kyste de la pomme de terre Globodera rostochiensis : les protéines sécrétées par l'hypoderme et les amphides - Une famille de protéines sécrétées - les protéines SXP/RAL-2 - avait déjà été identifiée chez les nématodes zooparasites et chez Caenorhabditis elegans. Dans cet article nous décrivons deux séquences en longueur totale de cADN provenant du nématode à kyste de la pomme de terre Globodera rostochiensis, séquences qui pourraient coder des protéines similaires aux protéines SXP/RAL-2. Nous montrons que, bien que l'un et l'autre gène s'expriment chez les juvéniles de deuxième stade et chez les femelles sédentaires de Globodera rostochiensis, ils possèdent des profils d'expression spatiale remarquablement différents. Le rARN dérivé à partir d'un de ces gènes (gr-sxp-1) était présent dants l'hypoderme, comme cela avait déjà été décrit pour l'un de ces gènes chez un nématode zooparasite. Cependant, l'expression du mRNA de l'autre gène était limitée aux cellules glandulaires entourant les organes sensoriels amphidiens (les cellules de la gaine). Offrant la première description de protéines SXP provenant de nématodes phytopathogènes, le présent travail fournit de plus la première caractérisation détaillée d'une protéine sécrétée par les amphides d'un nématode parasite de plantes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document