scholarly journals Instrumental and biochemical indicators of the bone tissue state in osteomalacia and osteoporosis

TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
A.M. Ignatiev ◽  
N.I. Turchin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
T Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group I

Background. A decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), which occurs in osteomalacia (OM) and osteoporosis (OP), is accompanied by a decrease in the strength properties of bone structures and an increase in the risk of fractures. Despite the same clinical outcome (fractures), the morphostructural, etiological, and pathogenetic characteristics of OP and OM differ qualitatively. The purpose of our work was to study the diagnostic criteria for osteomalacia and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods. We examined 157 postmenopausal (PM) women aged 57.5 ± 1.2 years, of which 103 women were diagnosed with OP (group I) and 24 were morphometrically diagnosed with osteomalacia (group II), control group (III) included 30 apparently healthy women. X-ray densitometry was performed (osteodensitometer Hologic Discovery (USA)). The blood serum level of 25(OH)D was determined by the enzyme immunoassay on a EUROIMMUN analyzer (Germany). Bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type 1 (CTx), osteocalcin (OC), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were assessed by the immunochemiluminescent assay, phosphorus level — by spectrophotometric method using a Cobas 6000 analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). The level of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on an Axsym analyzer (Abbot, Germany). Statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 10.0 software. Student’s t-test was used for mathematical processing. When assessing the strength of the correlation coefficients, the Chaddock scale was used. Results. The analysis of the data obtained showed a decrease in BMD (p <0.05) in groups I and II. However, BMD neck, T-test neck, Z-test neck in the group of women with OM were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in comparison with the group with OP. The levels of 25(OH)D, OC, OPG were also reduced (p < 0.05) in the second group of women compared with the first group. We obtained higher (p < 0.05) indices of PTH and CTx in the group of patients with OM in comparison with the group with OP. The correlation analysis of the obtained results showed a relationship between the level of 25(OH)D and indicators of structural and functional changes in BMD: 25(OH)D and CTx (r = –0.669; p = 0.001), 25(OH)D and BMD neck (r = 0.736; p = 0.002). There was also a direct relationship between BMD neck and CTx (r = –0.463; p = 0.002). Conclusions. The PM women with OM, in comparison with the PM women with OP, developed significantly larger (p < 0.05) changes in the structural and functional state of bone tissue, biochemical markers of bone tissue resorption and remodeling, as well as lower (p < 0.05) level of 25(OH)D. The 25(OH)D level is highly informative in terms of predicting and diagnosing a decrease in BMD and the risk of fractures. The biochemical marker of CTx resorption has a high informative value in terms of predicting, timely diagnosis, and the effectiveness of the treatment.

BONE MINERAL DENSITY OF THE RATS TIBIA AFTER MODELING OF ARTIFICIAL MENOPAUSE AND INFLUENCE OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
N. М. Kostyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Group I ◽  
Experimental Group

Early deficiency of female sex hormones provokes bone loss in various parts of the skeleton, which further requires therapeutic correction. However, it is known that vibrational oscillations are anabolic for the trabecular layer of bone, which have been studied in both animal models and humans under physiological norms. It is likely that this anabolic reaction does not occur evenly throughout the skeleton, on the one hand, due to the cushioning properties of muscle tissue, ligaments, joints, and resonance, on the other. The aim of the study is to assess the condition and mineral density of the tibia under the condition of artificial menopause and the influence of non-physiological whole body vibration (WBV) with acceleration 0,3 g. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 54 adult female Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups: control group (n=18) – SHAM surgery, experimental group I (n=18) - rats with ovariectomy, experimental group II (n=18) - rats after ovariectomy + WBV. Rats of were subjected to total vibration with acceleration of 0,3 g for 30 minutes 5 days a week for 24 weeks. At the 8th, 16th and 24th week of the experiment CT-densitometry of the tibia was performed. Results. The greatest loss of bone tissue was observed in experimental group I at the 24th week of the experiment, which decreased by 23.5% compared with the control group. At the 8th week of the study, the rate did not change statistically, and at the 16th - decreased to 8.1%. In experimental group II, bone density did not decrease statistically at the 8th and 16th week of our study, however, at the 24th week decreased by -16% to the control group, and compared with group I, increased by +11,2 % on the 24th day. The cortical layer of the tibial bone tissue did not change statistically in the experimental groups in relation to the control group. Factors that can affect the anabolic response in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system are the parameters of vibration, in particular the frequency and level of vibration acceleration. In our experimental study, we observed a decrease in bone mineral density in rats with ovariectomy and compared with ovariectomized rats subjected to vibration. We observed a positive correlation between whole body vibration and bone mass increase, which may be due to the effect of increased mechanical stress on the skeleton. We also demonstrated the negative effect of time after ovariectomy on bone density in experimental rats. The use of vibration maintained normal bone mineral density for a long time, and until the 16th week of the experiment, but at the 24th week, rate decreased significantly compared with the control group, but was higher than in group I. Analysis of CT scans showed high values of mineral density in experimental group II (ovariectomy + WBV) compared with experimental group I. Conclusions. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the WBV inhibits the accelerated remodeling after ovariectomy and prevents the rapid loss of bone tissue for a long time. To this end, mechanical vibrations should be used in the early menopause to maintain normal bone mineral mass. This therapy can be used alone and as an adjunct to osteoporosis medication. Therefore, early detection of osteopenia and timely appropriate treatment is important, which, in addition to antiresorptive drug treatment, should include lifestyle changes and exercise.

scholarly journals Effect of Denosumab on Bone Mineral Density and Markers of Bone Turnover among Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sánchez ◽  
L. R. Brun ◽  
H. Salerni ◽  
P. R. Costanzo ◽  
D. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Turnover Markers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of denosumab (Dmab) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers after 1 year of treatment. Additionally, the effect of Dmab in bisphosphonate-naïve patients (BP-naïve) compared to patients previously treated with bisphosphonates (BP-prior) was analyzed. This retrospective study included 425 postmenopausal women treated with Dmab for 1 year in clinical practice conditions in specialized centers from Argentina. Participants were also divided according to previous bisphosphonate treatment into BP-naïve and BP-prior. A control group of patients treated with BP not switched to Dmab matched by sex, age, and body mass index was used. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. After 1 year of treatment with Dmab the bone formation markers total alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were significantly decreased (23.36% and 43.97%, resp.), as was the bone resorption marker s-CTX (69.61%). Significant increases in BMD were observed at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip without differences between BP-naïve and BP-prior. A better BMD response was found in BP-prior group compared with BP treated patients not switched to Dmab.Conclusion. Dmab treatment increased BMD and decreased bone turnover markers in the whole group, with similar response in BP-naïve and BP-prior patients. A better BMD response in BP-prior patients versus BP treated patients not switched to Dmab was observed.

The Role of Bone Grafts in Preventing Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Histomorphometric, Immunohistochemical, and Clinical Evaluation in Animal Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 194338752110483
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina de Moraes Balbas ◽  
Caroline Águeda Corrêa ◽  
Manuella Zanela ◽  
Roberta Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Group I

Objective: To evaluate the effects of inorganic bovine bone graft (Lumina Bone, Criteria, Brazil) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) graft (ChronOS, Synthes, Brazil) in rats with the risk of developing post-extraction medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats weighing 350 to 450 g were induced to develop MRONJ using zoledronic acid for 5 weeks. In the sixth week, the right maxillary first molar was extracted. The animals in Group I (G1) did not receive bone grafts after tooth extraction, while Group II (G2) animals received inorganic bovine bone grafts, and Group III (G3) animals received beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) grafts. Clinical evaluation and histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. ANOVA and Tukey’s statistical tests were used and a level of significance was considered to be 5%. Results: In the clinical evaluation, animals from G2 and G3 did not present clinical manifestations of osteonecrosis, unlike the control group (G1) animals, which presented necrotic bone tissue exposure in all samples. In the histomorphometric evaluation, animals in G3 showed greater formation of bone tissue (66%) and less formation of bone lacuna (18%) than animals in G1 (58%/32%) and in G2 (59%/27%) ( P < 0.05). Moderate (++) immunostaining was observed in G2 and G3 for RANKL, TRAP, and OC, while G1 showed moderate (++) labeling for OC and mild (+) immunostaining for TRAP and RANKL. Conclusions: Greater formation of bone tissue and fewer bone lacunae were found in animals treated with β-TCP. In clinical evaluation, bone graft groups presented with the clinical manifestation of MRONJ and showed higher intensity of immunostaining for TRAP and RANKL. Despite the limitations of experimental animal studies, the results of this work may assist in the development of future clinical research for the prevention of MRONJ.

scholarly journals DON-induced changes in bone homeostasis in mink dams

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Tomaszewska ◽  
Piotr Dobrowolski ◽  
Siemowit Muszyński ◽  
Krzysztof Kostro ◽  
Iwona Taszkun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the mechanical and geometric properties as well as bone tissue and mineral density of long bones in mink dams exposed to deoxynivalenol (DON) since one day after mating, throughout gestation (ca. 46 d) and lactation to pelt harvesting. Material and Methods: Thirty clinically healthy multiparous minks (Neovison vison) of the standard dark brown type were used. After the mating, the minks were randomly assigned into two equal groups: nontreated control group and DON group fed wheat contaminated naturally with DON at a concentration of 1.1 mg·kg-1of feed. Results: The final body weight and weight and length of the femur did not differ between the groups. However, DON contamination decreased mechanical endurance of the femur. Furthermore, DON reduced the mean relative wall thickness and vertical wall thickness of the femur, while vertical cortical index, midshaft volume, and cross-sectional moment of inertia increased. Finally, DON contamination did not alter bone tissue density, bone mineral density, or bone mineral content, but decreased the values of all investigated structural and material properties. Conclusion: DON at applied concentration probably intensified the process of endosteal resorption, which was the main reason for bone wall thinning and the weakening of the whole bone.

USAGE OF NEAR-MISS-INCIDENTS TO ASSESS HAZARDS AT THE WORKPLACE OF WORKERS WITH DISABILITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Karyna Danova ◽  
◽  
Viktoriia Malysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Near Miss ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Undesirable Event ◽  
Disability Group ◽  
Industrial Injuries

The aim of the work is to study the possibility of usage the near-miss incidents as the indicators reflecting the level of potential hazard at the workplaces of workers, in particular with stable functional changes in the state of health. This approach is of great preventive value, since it allows obtaining the information about the level of hazard even before it is realized in the form of a certain undesirable event, such as an accident or a casualty. Research methods. The information about near-miss incidents and the potential consequences of hazard realization was obtained using a questionnaire of employees with subsequent statistical processing of the results. Results. Based on the results of studies of near-miss incidents at the workplaces of various groups of workers, it was determined that disability and the severity of disabilities affect the frequency and potential severity of these incidents. In comparison with the control group of workers who did not have stable functional changes in their health, in the process of performing production tasks by workers with II disability group, near-miss incidents occurred 36% more often, and with workers of III group – by 22%. Increase of the potential severity of incidents depending on the group of disability is determined. The scientific novelty lies in the development of ways to use near-miss incidents as indicators of the level of hazard at the workplace of workers with disabilities. The practical significance lies in obtaining information about the frequency and possible severity of near-miss incidents at the workplaces of workers using the example of a metalworking workshop at the enterprise in Kharkiv. The introduction of the procedure to collect information about near-miss incidents with subsequent data processing allows forming data for making managerial decisions to improve the OSH management system at the enterprise and develop effective measures to prevent industrial injuries.

scholarly journals Effects of early unilateral mandibular first molar extraction on condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koray Halicioglu ◽  
Mevlut Celikoglu ◽  
Suleyman K. Buyuk ◽  
Ahmet E. Sekerci ◽  
Celal Candirli
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetry Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
Mandibular Asymmetry ◽  
Group I ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Mandibular First Molar ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the following study is to investigate the mandibular vertical asymmetry in a group of patients with early unilateral mandibular first molar extractions. Materials and Methods: Mandibular asymmetry index measurements (condylar, ramal and condylar-plus-ramal) were performed on the panoramic radiographs of a study group including 51 patients (mean age: 18.60 ± 1.11 years) and a control group of 51 patients (mean age: 18.53 ± 1.29 years). Group I included patients with a unilateral mandibular first molar extracted before the age of 12 years. Group II included patients with no extractions and had excellent Class I relationships, no missing teeth and slight or moderate anterior crowding. A paired t-test was used to determine possible statistically significant differences between the sides for the measurements. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of asymmetry index values between the groups and genders. Results: No group showed statistically significant sex-or side-specific differences for posterior vertical height measurements. Condylar asymmetry index and ramal asymmetry index measurements were not statistically different between the groups, while condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index (CRAI) measurements were statistically different between the groups (P = 0.019). Conclusions: A slight difference for CRAI value was found in patients with early unilateral mandibular first molar extractions.

Urinary Claudin-1 Level as a Marker of Podocyte Injury in Patients with Proteinuria

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Nasser ◽  
S M Shawky ◽  
E A M Sanad
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cell Junction ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Podocyte Injury ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diaphragm Cell ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The biology of claudins is a rapidly evolving field, and many intriguing questions remain unanswered. Although it had been assumed that the reason there are ≥24 isoforms of claudin is that each one has distinct permeability properties. The nephron displays a wide spectrum of claudins, whose distribution varies in each tubular segment. In diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis the gene expression of claudin-1, is markedly upregulated in the podocyte, accompanied by a tighter filtration slit diaphragm (cell-cell junction made by the glomerular podocytes) and the appearance of TJ-like structures between the foot processes causing further podocytes injury and proteinuria. Aim of the work to assess urinary claudin -1 level as a marker of podocyte injury in patients with proteinuria. Patients and Methods it is a case control study which was conducted upon 90 subjects who were divided into three groups: group I included 30 patients with type II DM, group II included 30 patients with glomerulonephritis and group III had 30 healthy subjects as controls. Urinary claudin-1 level was measured by Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Results In this study, we found that urinary claudin-1 level was significantly higher in diabetics group and GN group than in control group. In comparison between GN group and diabetic group, we found that urinary claudin-1 level was higher in GN group than in diabetics group but with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion urinary claudin-1 level was significantly higher in diabetics and GN group and has positive correlation with uACR. So it can be used as marker of podocytes injury and proteinuria

Effect of leptin on the gallbladder in patients with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Virstyuk ◽  
N. R. Senyutovich
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group I

The study involved 58 patients with chronic noncalculous cholecystitis (CNC) divided into two groups. Group I included 30 CNC patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), group II 28 CNC patients without MS. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people. MS was diagnosed according to International Diabetes Federation guidelines (2005). The following anthropometric parameters were determined: body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio, blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL)). Leptin and insulin levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits «Leptin ELISA» and «Insulin ELISA» (DRG International, Inc., USA) respectively. Insulin resistance index HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) was calculated. It was shown that leptin level in CNC patients with MS was 2.61 times that in healthy subjects (p <0.001) and 2.47 times higher than in CNC patients without MS (p <0.001). Significant direct correlations between leptin blood levels andBMI, HOMA-IR index, triglycerides, and cholesterol were documented. The relationships between blood levels of leptin and the thickness of the gallbladder (GB) wall, the amount of cholesterol crystals in bile, and decreased bile release rate from GB which suggests effect of leptin on the structural and functional changes in GB.

scholarly journals Morphologic and functional changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia in guinea pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
yingxin zi ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Jingru Zhao ◽  
Meiqi Ji ◽  
Yali Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background Our aim was to study the morphologic and functional changes in the retina and sclera induced by form deprivation high myopia (FDHM) in guinea pigs and explore the possible mechanisms FDHM formation. Methods Forty 3-weeks-old guinea pigs were randomized into the blank control (Group I, 20 cases) and model groups (20 cases). In the model group, the right eyes of the guinea pigs were sutured 8 weeks to induce FDHM (Group II) and the left eyes were considered a self-control group (Group III). The diopters were measured with retinoscopy. The anterior chamber depth (AC), lens thickness (L), vitreous depth (V) and axial length (AL) were measured using ultrasonometry A. Retinal and scleral morphology and ultrastructural features were observed with light and electron microscopy. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the retina and sclera were detected with a chemical colorimetric assay. Results After remaining stitched for eight weeks, the diopters of Group II changed from (+3.59±0.33) D to (-7.96±0.55) D, and these values were significantly higher than those of Group I (+0.89±0.32) D and Group III (-0.55±0.49) D. The vitreous chamber depth (4.12±0.13) mm and axial length (8.93±0.22) mm of Group II were significantly longer than that of Group I [(3.71±0.23) mm and (7.95±0.37) mm, respectively] and Group III [(3.93±0.04) mm and (8.01±0.15) mm, respectively] (P < 0.05). With the prolongation of form deprivation, the retina and scleral tissue became thinner, the ganglion cell and inner and outer nuclear layers of the retina became decreased, and the arrangement was disordered. In Group II, the activity of SOD was significantly lower than that in Group I and Group III, and the content of MDA was significantly higher in Group II than in Group I and Group III. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggested that in the FDHM guinea pigs model, the diopter, the vitreous chamber depth, and axial length increased significantly with prolongation of monocular FD time, and morphological structural changes in the retina and sclera were observed. Oxygen free radicals might participate in the formation of FDHM.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF YOGIC PRACTIES ON SELECTED HAEMOGLOBIN VARIABLES OF COLLEGE WOMEN STUDENTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M. Saradha
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
College Women ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yogic Practice ◽  
Practice Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
College Of Technology ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the study was to nd out the effect of yogic practices on selected Haemoglobin variables of college women students. To resolve the purpose of the study 40 college women were randomly selected from Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore. Their age ranged between 18 and 22 years. The selected subjects were randomly divided into two groups consisting of twenty each. No attempt was made to equate the groups. Experimental Group I underwent Yogic practices and Meditation for a period of 16 weeks. Group II acted as control group (CG) and were not engaged in any training programme other than their work. The subjects were free to withdraw their consent in case of feeling any discomfort during the period of their participation but there was no dropout during the study. The Haemoglobin variables were selected and tested through TCDC and Shalis blood analyzer test respectively. Pre and post tests were conducted in all the variables. 16 weeks of yogic practices were given to the experimental group for a period of 16 weeks. Dependent t test was used to determine the signicant difference between the treatment means. Yogic practice group had signicantly increased Haemoglobin where as the control group had no signicant increase in all the variables

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