scholarly journals The effects of secondhand smoke on respiratory pathology, sensitization and development of allergic diseases in young children (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
N.V. Kotova ◽  
O.O. Starets ◽  
D.A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Airway Pathology

The prevalence of active smoking in Ukraine significantly exceeds the worldwide average, which is certainly a risk factor for children to be exposed to secondhand smoke. The article provides literature data and presents a modern view on the problem of secondhand tobacco smoke impact on the child population. In pediatric practice, the pathological impact of secondhand smoke on the child’s health is significant at the stage of its fetal development. Historical data convincingly prove the connection between the antenatal effect of secondhand smoke and the increased risk of perinatal losses and risks of pregnancy — miscarriage, stillbirth, and premature birth. As early as the 1960s and 1970s, scientific evidence was obtained for an association between the effects of tobacco smoke and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Children are most vulnerable to the negative effects of tobacco smoke at an early age because they have closer and longer contact with their parents, especially their mothers. Many studies have found an association between the effects of secondhand smoke and airway pathology (bronchitis, pneumonia), as well as an increase in the severity of respiratory syncytial viral infection (bronchiolitis). Numerous literature data indicate an association between the effect of passive smoking and the frequency and severity of oral cavity (dental caries) and middle ear (recurrent and chronic otitis, middle ear effusion) pathology. Many studies have shown the effects of secondhand smoke on the development and severity of bronchial asthma in children, but scientific data on the causal relationship of tobacco smoke with other allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and food allergies), which are common in young children and preceded bronchial asthma in the "atopic march, are more limited and contradictory. The literature was searched using the PubMed database.

scholarly journals Emotional distress and quality of life in allergic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-373
Author(s):  
Marcin Jarosz ◽  
Sadia Syed ◽  
Michał Błachut ◽  
Karina Badura Brzoza
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Emotional disorders accompany many somatic diseases, especially ones with severe or chronic course, and such are allergic diseases. Long-term course of the disease, the need for chronic treatment and repeated exacerbations as well as symptoms of depression or anxiety have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, constituting a serious burden both from the point of view of the individual and the society. The data evaluating emotional disturbances and their impact on the quality of life in three atopic diseases: bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and seasonal rhinitis were analysed. Mood disorders as well as mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol abuse are the most common psychiatric disorders observed in patients with bronchial asthma. There are data indicating a relationship between the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and mood disorders, anxiety disorders and suicidal tendencies. Atopic dermatitis is associated with an increased risk of depressive and anxiety disorders and sleep disorders, and in children with more prevalence of behavioral disorders. Most studies highlighted the relationship between emotional disorders and quality of life in the above-mentioned patient groups. In addition to physical ailments, patients suffering from allergic diseases also report emotional problems that can adversely affect the course of the disease, the treatment process, and reduce quality of life. Therefore, these patients require a holistic approach with a more accurate assessment of emotional disorders.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF ALLERGIC DISEASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Tatyana S. Lutkova ◽  
Luiza M. Karzakova ◽  
Nadezhda V. Zhuravleva ◽  
Nataliya P. Andreeva ◽  
Nadezhda D. Ukhterova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Near Future

Currently, great efforts are being made to optimize diagnostic and therapeutic standards in allergology. The introduction of biological drugs (omalizumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab) into clinical practice increases the need for biomarkers of allergic diseases that make it possible to adequately choose a treatment regimen, determine the duration of therapy with expensive biopreparations. The article discusses the possibilities of using biomarkers developed in recent years thanks to the so-called "omics" technologies in clinical practice. Biomarkers used for the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, hypersensitivity to drugs, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of allergen – specific immunotherapy are considered. The introduction of biomarkers into clinical practice has made it possible to carry out endotyping of some allergic diseases, which opens up prospects for new approaches to classification of these diseases, development of individual treatment targets and indications for administering personalized therapy. Endotyping of diseases is expected to be transferred to the category of diagnostic tests. However, it is necessary to overcome a number of problems before the treatment based on endotype determination will be introduced into everyday practice in allergic diseases and bronchial asthma. Currently, most of the research on the endotyping of diseases is carried out in severe forms of allergic diseases. It is beyond argument that the best ways to treat allergic diseases will be found in the near future, with a therapeutic approach focused on a specific patient, taking into account the patient's wishes, the presence of contraindications, the psychological characteristics of the patient, his expected adherence to therapy and possible side effects.

Association between Household Income and Allergy Development in Children: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Reiji Kojima ◽  
Ryoji Shinohara ◽  
Megumi Kushima ◽  
Sayaka Horiuchi ◽  
Sanae Otawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Income Groups

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Socioeconomic status has been found to be associated with allergic diseases in children, but results are inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the association between household income and the development of allergic disease in children at 3 years old. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We used data from 72,180 participants from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which is a prospective birth cohort study with participants recruited from January 2011 to March 2014. We examined the associations between household income and allergic diseases (asthma, eczema, and food allergies) in children, adjusting for covariates using multivariate logistic regression. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The percentages of doctor-diagnosed allergies at 3 years old were 7.5% for asthma, 7.2% for eczema, and 6.2% for food allergies. Children from households with an annual income of &#x3c;2 million yen (approx. 18,000 USD) had a significantly higher risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema than those from households with an income of 4–6 million yen. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.34) and 1.21 (95% CI 1.06–1.39). Children from households with an income of &#x3e;6 million yen tended to have an increased risk of food allergies (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98–1.15). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Low household income was a risk for doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema, suggesting that public health professionals should recognize low-income groups as vulnerable populations for these conditions.

scholarly journals Comorbidity of atopic bronchial asthma and food allergy in adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhorina ◽  
G. Ignatov ◽  
O. Abramovskikh ◽  
I. Zherebcova
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Atopic Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emergency Drugs

Adult patients with atopic bronchial asthma are susceptible to food allergy, in more than one third of cases, while asthma is a risk factor for severe life-threatening factors. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and relationship of food allergies with atopic bronchial asthma in adults living in Chelyabinsk. Materials and methods. An analysis of 313 outpatient case histories of patients with atopic bronchial asthma over the age of 18 was performed. Results. The presence of food allergy was a factor in the earlier onset of atopic bronchial asthma, which is consistent with the concept of comorbidity of these diseases. Patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and pollen sensitization have an increased risk of developing food allergies (OR – 2.075 [1.27- 3.39]), p=0,004. The overall incidence of oral allergic syndrome among all patients with atopic asthma and plant sensitization was 33% [28; 37]. Plant products (fruits, honey, nuts) were the cause of food allergic reactions in 87% [80; 92] of adult cases. The main clinical manifestations were: oral allergic syndrome, urticaria, angioedema, shortness of breath. Sensitization to pollen of trees, grasses and weeds approximately equally increases the risk of developing an oral allergic syndrome, upon sensitization to tree pollen (OR – 3.08 [2.32-4.25]), to grass pollen (OR – 3.5 [2.23-5.61]), to weed pollen (OR – 2.86 [2.02-4.03]). The combination of several types of pollen sensitization increases by 4 times the risk of developing oral allergic syndrome to a wide range of foods. Conclusion. Data on the causes and clinical manifestations of food allergies in combination with bronchial asthma have been obtained. The notion of a significant risk of developing dangerous clinical manifestations of food allergy in patients with atopic bronchial asthma will make it possible to reasonably prescribe emergency drugs for independent use.

scholarly journals The place of Omalizumab in the treatment of allergic diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
O. M. Kurbacheva ◽  
M. A. Galitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Allergic Bronchial Asthma

The article describes a modern approach to the use of anti-IgE therapy for allergic bronchial asthma and conditions associated with this disease. The humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, Omalizumab (Xolar®), is a promising treatment for allergic diseases mediated by IgE. Much evidence has been obtained of the effectiveness of Omalizumab in allergic bronchial asthma and chronic spontaneous (idiopathic) urticaria, on the basis of which global meta-analyzes have been carried out confirming the effectiveness and safety of this therapeutic strategy. Recent scientific articles actively discuss the possibility of expanding indications for the medical use of Omalizumab. Clinical studies have been published on the efficacy and safety of Omalizumab for allergic rhinitis, allergic keratoconjunctivitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, chronic idiopathic urticaria, food allergies, allergen-specific immunotherapy, atopic dermatitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis – in cases of comorbidity with asthma. The clinical effect of Omalizumab in patients with allergic bronchial asthma is the most studied and proven. Currently, a number of clinical studies evaluate the long-term results of prolonged use of Omalizumab or the condition after its cancellation in patients with allergic bronchial asthma and various comorbidity.

ОЦЕНКА ЦИТОКИНОВОГО ПРОФИЛЯ СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ И СУБПОПУЛЯЦИЙ Т-ЛИМФОЦИТОВ У ДЕТЕЙ С АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ОРГАНОВ ДЫХАНИЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
E.V. Prosekova ◽  
A.I. Turyanskaya ◽  
N.G. Plekhova ◽  
M.S. Dolgopolov ◽  
V.A. Sabynych
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Level Of Significance

Расширение спектра изучаемых клонов Тхелперов определило более сложные иммунные механизмы реализации аллергического воспаления. Цель. Характеристика показателей и взаимосвязей цитокинового профиля сыворотки и субпопуляционного состава Тлимфоцитов периферической крови у детей с бронхиальной астмой и аллергическим ринитом. Материалы и методы. Проведено комплексное обследование 150 детей в возрасте 311 лет с верифицированным диагнозом бронхиальной астмы, аллергического ринита и 30 здоровых сверстников. Иммунологические параметры крови оценивали методом проточной цитометрии, концентрации интерлейкинов и IgE в сыворотке крови определяли методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. При статистической обработке использовали программы Statistica 10 с критическим уровнем значимости р0,05. Результаты. У детей с аллергическими заболеваниями в сыворотке крови определены высокие уровни содержания интерлейкинов4, 8, 13, 17А, сопоставимый с показателями группы контроля уровень IL17F и низкое содержание IFNy. При бронхиальной астме и аллергическом рините у детей выявлено увеличение количества CD3CD8CD45RO, CD3CD8CD45RACD45RO Тлимфоцитов и CD3CD4 Тхелперов и повышение количество Th17 при снижении CD3CD4CD45RO клеток памяти. В группе здоровых детей популяция Th17 составляла 9,491,6, у детей с аллергическими заболеваниями количество данных клеток было значимо выше 14,50,77 (р0,001). Анализ сывороточного содержания цитокинов у детей с изолированным течением БА и в сочетании с аллергическим ринитом выявил разнонаправленные корреляции, отличающиеся по силе и направленности от таковых в группе здоровых детей. Заключение. У детей при изолированном течении бронхиальной астмы и в сочетании с аллергическим ринитом выявлены: сопоставимое с показателями здоровых детей количество CD3CD4 Тклеток, дисбаланс в субпопуляционном составе Тхелперов за счет преобладания Th2 и Th17, активация синтеза IL17A, IL4, IL8, IL13, низкий уровень сывороточного IFNy, изменения силы и направленности взаимосвязей цитокинового профиля и спектра субпопуляций Тлимфоцитов.Expansion of the range of examined Thelper clones has determined more complex immune mechanisms for the implementation of allergic inflammation. Objective. To characterize the parameters and relationships between the serum cytokine profile and Tlymphocyte subpopulation in peripheral blood of children with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Materials and methods. 150 children aged between 311 years old with bronchial asthma, and allergic rhinitis and 30 healthy volunteers were examined. Immunological parameters were assessed by flow cytometry, the concentration of serum interleukins and IgE were determined by means of enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistica 10 program with a critical level of significance p0.05. Results. High levels of interleukins 4, 8, 13, 17A were determined, IL7F level was not significantly different from that in control group and low level of IFNy was found in the serum of children with allergic diseases. The number of CD3CD8CD45RO, CD3CD8CD45RACD45RO Tlymphocytes, CD3CD4 Thelper cells and Th17 were increased and at the same time CD3CD4CD45RO memory cells were decreased In bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis children. Number of Th17 cells in healthy children was 9.491.6, in allergic children it was significantly higher 14.50.77 (p0.001). Analyses of serum cytokine count in children with isolated BA and in association with allergic rhinitis revealed multidirectional correlations differing in strength and direction from those in the group of healthy children. Conclusion. In children with isolated bronchial asthma and associated with allergic rhinitis the following parameters were found: CD3CD4 Tcells count was comparable to that in healthy children, the imbalance of Thelper subpopulation: prevalence of Th2 and Th17, activation of IL17A, IL4, IL8, IL13 synthesis and low level of serum IFNy.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors of ultra-Orthodox Jewish women in Israel: a comparison study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Leiter ◽  
K L Greenberg ◽  
M Donchin ◽  
O Keidar ◽  
S Siemiatycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Secondhand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Women from low socio-economic, culturally insular populations are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The ultra-Orthodox Jewish (UOJ) community in Israel is a difficult to access, rapidly growing low socio-economic, insular minority with numerous obstacles to health. The current study investigates CVD-related risk factors (RF) in a sample of OUJ women, comparing sample characteristics with the general population. Addressing the questions, 'Are UOJ women at increased risk for CVD?', 'Which RFs should be addressed beyond the general population's?', this study can inform public health initiatives (PHI) for this and similar populations. Methods Self-administered questionnaires completed by a cluster randomized sample of 239 women from a UOJ community included demographics, fruit, vegetables, and sweetened drink consumption, secondhand smoke exposure, physical activity (PA) engagement, and BMI. Population statistics utilized for comparison of demographic and cardiovascular risk factors were obtained from government-sponsored national surveys. Results Compared with the general population, UOJ women were less likely to consume 5 fruits and vegetables a day (12.7% vs. 24.3%, p&lt;.001) and more likely to consume &gt; 5 cups of sweetened beverages a day (18.6% vs. 12.6%, p=.019). UOJ women also reported less secondhand smoke exposure (7.2% vs. 51.4%, p&lt;.001) and higher rates of PA recommendation adherence (60.1% vs. 25.6%, p&lt;.0001) than the general population. Obesity was higher in UOJ women (24.3% vs. 16.1%, p&lt;.0001). Conclusions This study suggests that PHIs in this population target healthy weight maintenance, nutrition, and PA. As a consequence of this study, the first CVD prevention intervention has been implemented in this population, targeting the identified RFs. Utilizing a mixed methods and community-based participatory approach, this innovative 3-year intervention reached over 2,000 individuals. Key messages This study identified nutrition risk behaviors and high levels of obesity in a difficult to access, minority population. This study informed the planning and implementation of a community-based PHI.

scholarly journals How Effective Is Auditory–Verbal Therapy (AVT) for Building Language Development of Children with Cochlear Implants? A Systematic Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Paris Binos ◽  
Elina Nirgianaki ◽  
George Psillas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Auditory Verbal Therapy

This systematic review sheds light on the effectiveness of auditory–verbal therapy (AVT) outcomes in children with cochlear implants (CIs). The presented outcome is based on research findings from the last 10 years. The systematic review was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Critical Appraisal of Treatment Evidence (CATE) checklist. Specific keywords were chosen based on the research question and searched on the PubMed database. All searched papers were analysed based on specific exclusion criteria and classified into four evidence levels. The results revealed that children who participated in AV therapy can achieve linguistic skills at the same level as their hearing peers. Voice quality seemed positively affected, placing young children with CIs in the normal range for receptive vocabulary development. In contrast, reading skills seemed less benefited. AV therapy seems to contribute to integration into mainstream society. Despite the recorded speech and language improvements of young children with CIs, the aim of AV therapy is still not fulfilled. AV therapy can be seen as the best clinical practice for young children with CIs till now, but the lack of well-controlled studies is undermining.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Biologics and Postoperative Surgical Morbidity in Ulcerative Colitis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Abel Botelho Quaresma ◽  
Fernanda da Silva Barbosa Baraúna ◽  
Fábio Vieira Teixeira ◽  
Rogério Saad-Hossne ◽  
Paulo Gustavo Kotze
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Randomized Studies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background: With the paradigm shift related to the overspread use of biological agents in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), several questions emerged from the surgical perspective. Whether the use of biologicals would be associated with higher rates of postoperative complications in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients still remains controversial. Aims: We aimed to analyze the literature, searching for studies that correlated postoperative complications and preoperative exposure to biologics in UC patients, and synthesize these data qualitatively in order to check the possible impact of biologics on postoperative surgical morbidity in this population. Methods: Included studies were identified by electronic search in the PUBMED database according to the PRISMA (Preferred Items of Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The quality and bias assessments were performed by MINORS (methodological index for non-randomized studies) criteria for non-randomized studies. Results: 608 studies were initially identified, 22 of which were selected for qualitative evaluation. From those, 19 studies (17 retrospective and two prospective) included preoperative anti-TNF. Seven described an increased risk of postoperative complications, and 12 showed no significant increase postoperative morbidity. Only three studies included surgical UC patients with previous use of vedolizumab, two retrospective and one prospective, all with no significant correlation between the drug and an increase in postoperative complication rates. Conclusions: Despite conflicting results, most studies have not shown increased complication rates after abdominal surgical procedures in patients with UC with preoperative exposure to biologics. Further prospective studies are needed to better establish the impact of preoperative biologics and surgical complications in UC.

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