scholarly journals Correction of eating habits in patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-623
Author(s):  
N.O. Kravchun ◽  
I.P. Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Obese People

The International Diabetes Federation estimates that approximately 10 % of the adult population in Ukraine has prediabetes. According to many studies, prediabetes is observed in every second obese patient, and later prediabetes can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, timely detection of early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism is very important, as well as implementation of recommendations for lifestyle changes, the use of modern drugs to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, increasing attention is drawn to dietary fibers as an integral part of a healthy diet. They help prevent obesity, metabolic syndrome and adverse changes in the gut, and also help increase the population of beneficial bacteria in the gut. That is why nutritionists recommend that obese people include dietary fibers in their diet. One of the most famous dietary fibers is psyllium, which comes from the husk of plantain seeds (Plantago ovata). Numerous studies show that psyllium has a positive effect on the functioning of many organs and systems, including the pancreas, intestines and heart muscle. Psyllium also lowers glucose and cholesterol and is an effective way to lose weight for people who are overweight. Fibolex® plant complex contains dietary fibers (psyllium and natural wheat fibers) and green tea extract. Due to the combined herbal composition, Fibolex® can be used in obese people, patients with prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders for the correction of eating habits in order to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Innate immunity alterations in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: understanding infection susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochoa-González Fátima de Lourdes ◽  
González-Curiel Irma Elizabeth ◽  
Cervantes-Villagrana Al-berto Rafael ◽  
Fernández-Ruiz Julio Cesar ◽  
Castañeda-Delgado Julio Enrique
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms

: Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by marked alterations in the metabolism of glucose andby high con-centrations of glucose in the blood due to a decreased insulin production or resistance to the action of this hormone in pe-ripheral tissues. The International Diabetes Federation estimates a global incidence of diabetes of about 10% in the adult population (20 -79 years old), some 430 million cases reported worldwide in 2018. It is well documented that people with diabetes have a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases and therefore show higher morbidity and mortality compared to the non-diabetic population. Given that the innate immune response plays a fundamental role in protecting against invading pathogens through a myriad of humoral and cellular mechanisms, the present work makes a comprehensive review of the innate immune alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) as well as a brief description of the molecular events leading or associated to such conditions.We show that in these patients a compromised innate immune response in-creases susceptibility to infections.

Possibilities of Multislice Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Atheroclerotic Lesions of the Main Vessels for Type 2 Diabetes and Other Variants Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
E Praskurnichiy ◽  
E Ionova ◽  
I Begunova ◽  
A Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics

Purpose: Study of structural and morphological features of atherosclerotic lesions of large main vessels (carotid arteries) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: The study included 78 patients. Exclusion criteria: age under 40 years, pregnancy, acute infectious diseases, as well as chronic diseases within less than 2 weeks from the onset of complete clinical and laboratory remission, severe cardiac (LVEF < 30 %) and renal (blood creatinine > 300 mmol/l) insufficiency, alcohol abuse or drug dependence. There were 44 men (56.4 %) and 34 women (43.6 %) in the group surveyed. Coronary heart disease was detected in 54 (69.2 %) individuals, 24 (30.8 %) of the examined individuals had no signs of coronary heart disease; 19 (24.4 %) people had a history of stroke, 18 (23 %) people — myocardial infarction. 42 people (53.8 %) had dyscirculatory encephalopathy of various degrees, 34 (43.6 %) had hypertension, 42 patients had carbohydrate metabolism disorders, 12 (15.3 %) patients had type 2 diabetes, and 30 (38.4 %) patients had metabolic syndrome. Three groups of subjects were formed. The group of people without metabolic syndrome included 48 people (61.5 % of the total number of examined). The group of people with metabolic syndrome without type 2 diabetes included 18 individuals (23.1 % of the total number of examined). The group of people with type 2 diabetes included 12 individuals (15.4 % of the total number of examined). The examination of patients included: physical examination; laboratory diagnostics; electrocardiography; transthoracic echocardiography; multislice computed tomography with angiocontrast. Results: 78 patients were found to have different density of atherosclerotic plaques. There were no differences in volume among the groups of people surveyed. In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is a decrease in the lipid-fibrous component and an increase in the density of atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion: Multislice computed tomography can detect various forms of vascular damage, the progression of the process, and assess the severity of structural and morphological manifestations of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome at an early stage.

Serum Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) Relation with Different Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Men with Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Siddiqui ◽  
Khalid Al-Rubeaan ◽  
Shaik Nawaz ◽  
Khaled Aburisheh ◽  
Anas Alaabdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding

AbstractSex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is demonstrated to be decreased in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of SHBG in relation to MetS components among men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This cross-sectional study was carried out among 429 Saudi T2D male patients aged >30 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, albumin, and lipid parameter were measured. Gonadal hormones, namely total testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and SHBG were determined using ELISA. The SHBG levels of the MetS group was significantly lower than non-MetS group 47.25±31.03 nmol/l vs. 56.55±37.84 nmol/l; p=0.013. As the MetS score increases, SHBG and HDL levels decrease while weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, FBG, HbA1c, TC, and TG levels increase. SHBG correlated with age, BMI, TG, HDL, TT, free testosterone, and bio-available testosterone. This is the first study that provides detailed analyses of SHBG with MetS components in male diabetic subjects. The mean serum SHBG levels gradually declined with the addition of MetS components in T2D men. TT, free testosterone, and bio-available testosterone remained independently associated with SHBG by multivariable regression analysis.

scholarly journals Relationship of metabolic syndrome defined by IDF or revised NCEP ATP III with glycemic control among Malaysians with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh Saif-Ali ◽  
Nor Azmi Kamaruddin ◽  
Molham AL-Habori ◽  
Sami A Al-Dubai ◽  
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background The chronic complications of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) such as macrovascular disease is amplified with the increase in the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. This research aims to study the relationship of MetS, diagnosed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) or revised National Cholesterol Education Programs Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria, with glycemic control, Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-peptide, and insulin resistance in T2D patients.Methods The study is a cross-sectional observational study which, involved 485 T2D patients who are receiving treatment at the University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The MetS among the T2D patients was diagnosed based on IDF and revised NCEP ATP III criteria. C-peptide and HbA1c levels were determined by an automated quantitative immunoassay analyzer and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The MetS factors; FBG, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured by spectrophotometer. Results Application of the IDF and revised NCEP ATP III criteria respectively resulted in 73% and 85% of the T2D subjects being diagnosed with MetS. The concordance of these criteria in diagnosing MetS among T2D patients was low (κ =0.33, P<0.001). Both IDF and revised NCEP ATP III criteria indicated that T2D patients with 5 MetS factors had higher insulin resistance (P=2.1×10-13;1.4×10-11), C-peptide (P=1.21×10-13; 4.1×10-11), FBG (P=0.01; 0.021), and HbA1c (P=0.039; 0.018) than those T2D patients without MetS, respectively. Conclusion Although there is a low concordance between IDF and revised NCEP ATP III criteria in the diagnosis of MetS among T2D patients, both criteria showed that T2D patients with 5 MetS factors had higher insulin resistance, C-peptide, FBG, and HbA1c.

scholarly journals Pericytopathy: Oxidative Stress and Impaired Cellular Longevity in the Pancreas and Skeletal Muscle in Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin R. Hayden ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Javad Habibi ◽  
Sarika V. Bagree ◽  
James R. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Pancreatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The pericyte's role has been extensively studied in retinal tissues of diabetic retinopathy; however, little is known regarding its role in such tissues as the pancreas and skeletal muscle. This supportive microvascular mural cell plays an important and novel role in cellular and extracellular matrix remodeling in the pancreas and skeletal muscle of young rodent models representing the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Transmission electron microscopy can be used to evaluate these tissues from young rodent models of insulin resistance and T2DM, including the transgenic Ren2 rat, db/db obese insulin resistantߞT2DM mouse, and human islet amyloid polypeptide (HIP) rat model of T2DM. With this method, the earliest pancreatic remodeling change was widening of the islet exocrine interface and pericyte hypercellularity, followed by pericyte differentiation into islet and pancreatic stellate cells with early fibrosis involving the islet exocrine interface and interlobular interstitium. In skeletal muscle there was a unique endothelial capillary connectivity via elongated longitudinal pericyte processes in addition to pericyte to pericyte and pericyte to myocyte cellcell connections allowing for paracrine communication. Initial pericyte activation due to moderate oxidative stress signaling may be followed by hyperplasia, migration and differentiation into adult mesenchymal cells. Continued robust oxidative stress may induce pericyte apoptosis and impaired cellular longevity. Circulating antipericyte autoantibodies have recently been characterized, and may provide a screening method to detect those patients who are developing pericyte loss and are at greater risk for the development of complications of T2DM due to pericytopathy and rarefaction. Once detected, these patients may be offered more aggressive treatment strategies such as early pharmacotherapy in addition to lifestyle changes targeted to maintaining pericyte integrity. In conclusion, we have provided a review of current knowledge regarding the pericyte and novel ultrastructural findings regarding its role in metabolic syndrome and T2DM.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome of Indonesian Adults Associated with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Asian City, Yogyakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 897
Author(s):  
Phatthanaphong Therdtatha ◽  
Yayi Song ◽  
Masaru Tanaka ◽  
Mariyatun Mariyatun ◽  
Maisaroh Almunifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Triangular Distribution ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Indonesia is a developing country facing the national problem of the growing obesity and diabetes in its population due to recent drastic dietary and lifestyle changes. To understand the link between the gut microbiome, diet, and health of Indonesian people, fecal microbiomes and metabolomes of 75 Indonesian adults in Yogyakarta City, including obese people (n = 21), type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients (n = 25), and the controls (n = 29) were characterized together with their dietary and medical records. Variations of microbiomes showed a triangular distribution in the principal component analysis, driven by three dominant bacterial genera, namely Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Romboutsia. The Romboutsia-driven microbiome, characterized by low bacterial diversity and high primary bile acids, was associated with fat-driven obesity. The Bacteroides-driven microbiome, which counteracted Prevotella but was associated with Ruminococcaceae concomitantly increased with high-carbohydrate diets, showed positive correlation with T2D indices but negative correlation with body mass index. Notably, Bacteroides fragilis was increased in T2D patients with a decrease in fecal conjugated bile acids, particularly tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist with anti-diabetic activity, while these features disappeared in patients administered metformin. These results indicate that the gut microbiome status of Indonesian adults is differently associated with obesity and T2D under their varied dietary habits.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes in Children: A Growing Epidemic

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. St. Onge ◽  
Carol A. Motycka ◽  
Renee L. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Children Obesity ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

In the pediatric population, type 2 diabetes has become a growing concern. A correlation appears to exist among type 2 diabetes in children, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. If obesity and diabetes are left untreated, conditions such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and retinopathy may result as well. These conditions indicate the incredible strain on the health care system caused by diabetes and obesity. This strain may be eased by logical treatments such as exercise and healthy eating habits for the child and family. However, these lifestyle changes are not always effective in controlling blood sugar. When lifestyle changes do not yield positive results, the clinician must decide which (if any) pharmacological treatments are safe to use in the pediatric population. Orlistat and sibutramine have been studied in children as treatments for obesity and appear to be safe and effective for this population. Metformin and insulin are among the medications approved to treat diabetes in children and adolescents. Healthcare practitioners must play a role in educating parents and their children about the effects of obesity on the development of diseases like diabetes, as well as various therapies used to manage diabetes. In addition, healthcare practitioners can assist patients and their parents in understanding the benefits and risks of medications used in the treatment of the disease, assistance that may result in them making informed decisions regarding their overall health.

scholarly journals Treating Arterial Stiffness in Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Niki Katsiki ◽  
Eugenia Gkaliagkousi ◽  
Asterios Karagiannis ◽  
Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lifestyle Measures

Arterial stiffening characterizes ageing and several diseases related to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk such as the metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, obesity and smoking. Several studies have shown that arterial stiffness is a strong, independent predictor of CV morbidity and mortality risk in such patient populations. Lifestyle measures and drugs frequently prescribed in MetS and T2DM patients such as hypolipidaemic, antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic and antiplatelet agents, may improve arterial stiffness, thus further reducing vascular risk. The current review considers the effects of these drugs and lifestyle changes on arterial stiffness in MetS and T2DM patients. The potential clinical implications of such effects on treatment decisions in clinical practice remain to be established. Multifactorial interventions may be even more beneficial in terms of CV risk reduction and thus their impact on arterial stiffness should also be evaluated.

scholarly journals Lifestyle strategies for weight control: experience from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaana Lindström ◽  
Markku Peltonen ◽  
Jaakko Tuomilehto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Study ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Currently, in many European countries more than half the adult population is overweight; it hass become ‘abnormal’ to be of ‘normal weight’. The risk of type 2 diabetes, CVD, hypertension and certain forms of cancer increase with increasing weight. Biological evolution has produced body-fat-regulating mechanisms that are more powerful in protecting against weight loss than against weight gain. The current environment offers constant availability of affordable palatable energy-rich foods, with no need to consume the energy through physical activity. The ‘obesogenic’ environment is to some extent a political issue, but it has been shown that the healthcare system can also have a role in preventing obesity-related morbidity. The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study was the first controlled randomised study to show that individualised lifestyle counselling of individuals with high risk of developing type 2 diabetes can influence diet, physical activity and body weight, and that type 2 diabetes can be prevented, or at least postponed. Most importantly, lifestyle changes do not have to be extreme. If the population would adopt a lifestyle in line with the official nutrition recommendations, the obesity and diabetes trend could at least be stabilised.

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