scholarly journals Effect of Immobilization Method on the Growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Fatty Acid Profile for Biodiesel Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hanani Rushan ◽  
Nur Hidayah Mat Yasin ◽  
Noor Raihana Abu Sepian ◽  
Farhan Mohd Said ◽  
Nurafifah Izzati Shafei
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Matrix System ◽  
Immobilization Method

The aim of this research is to study the immobilization effect on growth cell of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The comparison of lipid production between immobilized microalgae and free cell culture was also studied and the fatty acid methyl ester for biodiesel production was identified in this research. Four important steps were done in this research which included microalgae cultivation, harvesting method by immobilization, lipid extraction and transesterification of oil. In the immobilization method, the combination of matrix system of sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SA and CMC) gave the highest number of cells of microalgae after the 9th day of the cultivation process. However, the immobilized microalgae matrix system of SA at volumetric ratio of 0.3:1 showed better results for extraction of oil, attaining an oil yield percentage of 46% compared with other matrix systems studied; SA + CA + CMC (43.00%), SA + CA (41.19%), SA + CMC (40.38%) and free cell culture (42.57%). Furthermore, the fatty acids methyl ester profile of the extracted oil showed high potential for biodiesel production. The results proved that the immobilization of microalgae had improved the oil yield and fatty acid composition as compared to the free cell culture, which may have useful application for the biofuel industry.

Immobilised Chlorella vulgaris as An Alternative for The Enhancement of Microalgae Oil and Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-389
Author(s):  
Nur Hanani Rushan ◽  
Nur Hidayah Mat Yasin ◽  
Farhan Mohd Said ◽  
Nagaarasan Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
Fame Profile

Microalgae are a promising alternative for biodiesel production and a valuable source of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). In this research, Chlorella vulgaris has been chosen as the suitable microalgae because this species was able to produce highest oils for biodiesel processing. Previously, sodium alginate (SA) was used to entrap the microalgae in the culturing process due to its low toxicity and high transparency. However, SA have some disadvantages such as bead disruption which leading to the loss of microalgae cell. Therefore, this research has been conducted to evaluate the oil production of immobilised Chlorella vulgaris using different matric systems at different ratios which are 0.3:1, 1:1 and 2:1. Currently, six matric systems have been developed, they are SA as a control, a combination of SA and chitosan (SA+CT), SA and carrageenan (SA+CR), SA and gelatin (SA+GT), SA and calcium alginate (SA+CA), and SA and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SA+CMC). The microalgae was first cultivated, harvested and extracted to produce oil, prior to use in the transesterification process. The SA+GT showed the highest oil yield with 59.14% and a total FAME of 0.56 mg/g. The FAME profile of oil extracted microalgae showed high potential for biodiesel production as it consisted of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). The results proved that the combination of SA+GT had improved the oil yield and fatty acid composition as compared to the other matric systems, which may have useful application for the biodiesel industry. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals Fatty acid methyl ester analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from fruit pulps for biodiesel production using GC-MS spectrometry

Bioengineered ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferruh Asci ◽  
Busra Aydin ◽  
Gulderen Uysal Akkus ◽  
Arzu Unal ◽  
Sevim Feyza Erdogmus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl

scholarly journals Comprehensive GCMS and LC-MS/MS Metabolite Profiling of Chlorella vulgaris

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Ahmed Pantami ◽  
Muhammad Safwan Ahamad Bustamam ◽  
Soo Yee Lee ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail ◽  
Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Omega 6

The commercial cultivation of microalgae began in the 1960s and Chlorella was one of the first target organisms. The species has long been considered a potential source of renewable energy, an alternative for phytoremediation, and more recently, as a growth and immune stimulant. However, Chlorella vulgaris, which is one of the most studied microalga, has never been comprehensively profiled chemically. In the present study, comprehensive profiling of the Chlorella vulgaris metabolome grown under normal culture conditions was carried out, employing tandem LC-MS/MS to profile the ethanolic extract and GC-MS for fatty acid analysis. The fatty acid profile of C. vulgaris was shown to be rich in omega-6, -7, -9, and -13 fatty acids, with omega-6 being the highest, representing more than sixty percent (>60%) of the total fatty acids. This is a clear indication that this species of Chlorella could serve as a good source of nutrition when incorporated in diets. The profile also showed that the main fatty acid composition was that of C16-C18 (>92%), suggesting that it might be a potential candidate for biodiesel production. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed carotenoid constituents comprising violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, β-carotene, vulgaxanthin I, astaxanthin, and antheraxanthin, along with other pigments such as the chlorophylls. In addition to these, amino acids, vitamins, and simple sugars were also profiled, and through mass spectrometry-based molecular networking, 48 phospholipids were putatively identified.

Esterification of Waste Palm Oil in Wastewater Pond for Community Biodiesel Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Athitan Timyamprasert ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Kasem Chunkao ◽  
Juan L. Silva ◽  
Tae Jo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

The aim of this research was to develop a two-step technique to prepare biodiesel from waste palm oil (WPO) with high free fatty acid content. The developed process consists of esterification and transesterification steps. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for investigating the experimental design for esterification step. Design of experiment was performed by application of 5-levels-3-factors central composite design in order to study the optimum condition for decreasing FFA in WPO. The WPO with low FFA was further experimented in transesterification step to obtain fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The investigated results showed that the WPO containing 48.62%wt of high FFA. The optimum condition of esterification step was 28 moles of methanol to FFA in WPO molar ratio, 5.5% sulfuric acid concentration in 90 min of reaction time and 60 °C of reaction temperature. After transesterification step, WPO biodiesel gave methyl ester content at 84.05% according to EN 14103 method. The properties of WPO methyl ester meet the standards of Thailand community biodiesel that can be used as fuel in agricultural machine.

scholarly journals Development of Microwave-Assisted Sulfonated Glucose Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-622
Author(s):  
Nur Nazlina Saimon ◽  
Mazura Jusoh ◽  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Zaki Yamani Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalyst Preparation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Screening Process

Microwave-heating method for catalyst preparation has been utilized recently due to its shorter operation time compared to the conventional method. Glucose, a renewable carbon source can be partially carbonized and sulfonated via microwave heating which could result in highly potential heterogeneous carbon-based acid catalyst. In this study, the impacts of the carbonization and sulfonation parameters during the catalyst preparation were investigated. Catalysts prepared were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and Temperature Programmed Desorption–Ammonia (TPD-NH3). Analysis of the carbonization screening process discovered that the best incomplete carbonized glucose (ICG) prepared was at 20 minutes, 20 g of D(+)-glucose with medium microwave power level (400W) which exhibited the highest percentage yield (91.41%) of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The total surface area and acid site density obtained were 16.94 m2/g and 25.65 mmol/g, respectively. Regeneration test was further carried out and succeeded to achieve 6 cycles. The highest turnover frequency (TOF) of the sulfonated catalyst was methyl palmitate, 25.214´10−3 s−1 compared to other component of the methyl ester. Kinetic study was developed throughout the esterification process and activation energy from the forward and reverse reaction was 3.36 kJ/mol and 11.96 kJ/mol, respectively. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 919-926
Author(s):  
Purkan Purkan ◽  
Ersalina Nidianti ◽  
Abdulloh Abdulloh ◽  
Abdillah Safa ◽  
Wiwin Retnowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Margaric Acid ◽  
Microalgae Culture ◽  
Cell Biomass ◽  
Ms Analysis

AbstractThe fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production from Chlorella vulgaris has been studied by sequential investigation such as microalgae culturing, lipid extraction, and lipid conversion to FAME. The C. vulgaris could grow well in the BG-11 medium and had a doubling time 3.7 days for its growth using inocula 16% (v/v). The optimum of dry cell biomass as 11.6 g/L was obtained after the microalgae culture harvested for 6 days. Lipid extraction from the biomass was carried out in various solvents and ultrasonication power, resulted lipid as 31% (w/w) when extracted with a mixed solvent of n-hexane-ethanol in ratio 1:1 and ultrasonication treatment at power 25 kHz/270W for 30 min. The lipid then converted to FAME through transesterification reaction with methanol using H2SO4 catalyst at 45ºC for 2 h, and resulted FAME with area 32.26% in GC-MS analysis. The area was corresponded to FAME output as 13.68% (w/w). Fatty acid profiles of FAME obtained from GC-MS analysis showed the major peaks of fatty acids found in Chlorella vulgaris were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and margaric acid (C17:0), and nonadecanoic acid (C19:0). Optimization of the transesterification reaction will be developed in future to improve the FAME product.

In situ production of fatty acid methyl ester from low quality rice bran: An economical route for biodiesel production

Fuel ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1475-1479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Lei ◽  
Xuefeng Ding ◽  
Hongxi Zhang ◽  
Xue Chen ◽  
Yunling Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
In Situ Production
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