scholarly journals The risk of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction is increased among first-time mothers and poor households

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Puspitorini Puspitorini ◽  
Prasetya Lestari ◽  
Bunga Astria Paramashanti
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Study Results ◽  
First Time Mothers ◽  
First Time

Background: Global recommendations suggest mothers provide the first complementary food to infants when they reach six months of age. Failure to introduce complementary foods promptly may put infants in adverse health and nutrition outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to analyze factors associated with inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction in Kebumen Regency. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. A multistage cluster sampling was employed to select 355 mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Kebumen Regency. Our dependent variable was the timing of complementary food introduction. Meanwhile, independents variables included factors at the child, parental, and household levels. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were performed in this study. Results: There was 39.15% of young children received inappropriate timing of complementary feeding. Being the second-born child or above (OR=0.56; 95%CI: 0.33-0.95) and coming from high-income households (OR= 0.57; 95%CI: 0.36-0.90) were protective factors of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction. Other variables such as maternal age, maternal education, maternal occupation, father’s education, and family support were not significantly associated with incorrect timing of complementary feeding. Conclusions: The proportion of inappropriate timing of complementary foods introduction in Kebumen Regency is alarming and is mainly explained by child’s birth rank and household economic status suggesting the importance of targeting nutritional education to first-time mothers as well as poor households.

scholarly journals Early introduction of complementary food and childhood stunting were linked among children aged 6-23 months

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bunga Astria Paramashanti ◽  
Stella Benita
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Childhood Stunting

Background: Indonesia’s national stunting prevalence remains high. The transition from exclusive breastfeeding to poor complementary feeding practices may put infants at higher risk of becoming stunting. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the early introduction of complementary food and stunting among young children aged 6-23 months in Kebumen Regency. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 307 young children in Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, by using multistage cluster sampling. Our primary outcome was stunting or height-for-age z-score <-2, whereas independent variables were child, maternal, and household factors. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess significant determinants at the level of significance 0.05. Results: Timely introduction of complementary food was a protective factor against stunting (AOR= 0.54; 95%CI: 0.31-0.94). Female children were less likely to be associated with stunting (AOR= 0.54; 95%CI: 0.32-0.93). Conversely, variables which significantly increased the risk of becoming stunting included older children aged 12-17 months (AOR= 2.01; 95%CI: 1.05-3.84) and 18-23 months (AOR= 4.17; 95%CI: 2.15-8.08) and maternal occupation in agricultural sectors (AOR= 3.77; 95%CI: 1.17-12.1). Conclusions: Child factors associated with stunting was the first timing of complementary feeding, child sex, and child age. The maternal factor linked to stunting was the mother's occupation in the agricultural sector. This study indicated that child and maternal factors play essential roles in childhood stunting.

scholarly journals Barriers of Appropriate Complementary Feeding Practices in Under – 2 Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanjoy Kumar Paul ◽  
Sunirmal Roy ◽  
Quazi Rakibul Islam ◽  
Md Zakirul Islam ◽  
Md Akteruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional

When breast milk is no longer enough to meet the nutritional needs of infants, complementary foods should be added to their diet. It is a very vulnerable period when malnutrition starts in many infants, contributing significantly to high prevalence of malnutrition in under-5 children world-wide. In Bangladesh, complementary feeding (CF) practices are not satisfactory. The objectives of the study were to look into the feeding patterns of under-2 children and to identify the causes which lead mothers/ caregivers to practice inappropriate CF. This cross-sectional study was done in the Pediatric department of Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka and in a private chamber from a district town of Bangladesh from October, 2011 to December, 2011. Four hundred mother-child pairs were enrolled by non-random convenience sampling. Different aspects of feeding practices (age of initiation of CF, type of first complementary food, current main complementary food & its quantity, and frequency of CF) were analyzed. Bottle feeding, fast foods and lack of proper family support were most important barriers (p<0.05). High rate of early initiation of CF was mainly due to mothers’ perception that breast milk alone was not enough (81.8%) and main cause of late initiation was refusal of complementary foods by their babies (48.4%). Feeding practices were mainly influenced by relatives (25%), qualified doctors (15.3%), neighbors (14.5%) & mother-in-laws (13.5%). CF practices are still far from ideal. Strengthening of nutrition education to mothers/caregivers and family members/relatives along with awareness building in the community may change the wrong practices.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2015; 33(4): 195-201

Inadequate management of complementary foods contributes to the risk of aflatoxin exposure and low nutrition status among children

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Makori ◽  
A. Matemu ◽  
M. Kimanya ◽  
N. Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infant And Young Children

Early exposure to aflatoxins through complementary food is linked to impaired growth in childhood. The current study assessed the household’s practices on management of complementary foods in relation to the risk of aflatoxin exposure and poor nutritional status among infant and young children in Tanzania. A cross-sectional study of complementary feeding practices, aflatoxin exposure and nutritional status was conducted to 101 infants and young children aged between 6-23 months in Dodoma region of Tanzania. The intake of complementary food was estimated by using repeated 24 h dietary recall. Flour used as complementary food was sampled from each of the 101 families and aflatoxins were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography. A deterministic approach was used to estimate dietary exposure of aflatoxins in the complementary foods. Anthropometric measurements were taken and rates of stunting, underweight and wasting estimated according to the WHO standard procedures. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between feeding practices and aflatoxin exposure or the growth performance among subjects. The average consumption of complementary flour was 118 g per child per day and 52% of the flours contained groundnuts. AFB1was detected in 42.5% of the flour and levels ranged from 0.3 to 2,128.0 μg/kg (mean 228.11±49.84 μg/kg). Dietary exposures of aflatoxin B1ranged from 0.1 to 23,172.81 ng/kg body weight per day (mean 1,337±392.5 ng/kg). Of the subjects, 40.4% (95% CI; 29.8; 50.9) were stunted and significant association was found between stunted growth and dietary exposure of AFB1(adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=5.9; 95% CI: 0.019-0.028). Early introduction of cereal-and groundnut-based complementary foods in Tanzania is associated with high risk of aflatoxin exposure and impaired growth in children. There is need to integrate aflatoxin management measures in the guidelines for Infant and Young Children Feeding of Tanzania.

Path Analysis on the Determinants of Complementary Feeding Practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renidya Asyura Muttabi’ Deya Fa’ni ◽  
◽  
Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi ◽  
Isna Qadrijati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Nutritional Status

ABSTRACT Background: Complementary feeding practice is needed to be optimized to maximize children’s potential for growth and development. However, there are still many obstacles in provide complementary feeding practice. This study aimed to examine the determinants of complementary feeding practice. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from October to November 2019. A sample of 200 mothers who had infants aged 6-24 months was selected by probability sampling. The dependent variable was complementary feeding practice. The independent variables were birthweight, child nutritional status, maternal knowledge toward complementary feeding, maternal education, and family income. The data were collected by infant weight scale, infantometer, and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Complementary feeding practice increased with birthweight ≥2500 g (b= 2.67; 95% CI=0.59 to.89; p= 0.008), child nutritional status (WHZ) -2.0 to 2.0 SD (b= 2.72; 95% CI=o.75 to 4.61; p= 0.006), high maternal knowledge toward complementary feeding (b= 2.27; 95% CI= 0.27 to 3.79; p= 0.023), maternal education ≥Senior high school (b= 2.19; 95% CI= 0.23 to 4.25; p= 0.028), and family income ≥Rp 1,571,000 (b= 2.42; 95% CI= 0.39 to 3.77; p= 0.015). Conclusion: Complementary feeding practice increases with birthweight ≥2500 g, good child nutritional status, high maternal knowledge toward complementary feeding, high maternal education, and high family income. Keywords: complementary feeding, path analysis Correspondence: Renidya Asyura Muttabi’ Deya Fa’ni. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +62 815 3934 0421. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.103

scholarly journals Complementary feeding patterns of Filipino infants and toddlers lack diversity, especially among children from poor households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma F Jacquier ◽  
Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa ◽  
Yvonne Lenighan ◽  
Marvin B Toledo ◽  
Mario V Capanzana
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Poor Households

Abstract Consumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe percentages of consumption, energy contribution (6-23.9mo), and usual nutrient intakes (12-23.9mo) from complementary foods among Filipino infants and toddlers stratified by household wealth. Data from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories. Breast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants and toddlers from poor households reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, in comparison to those from the rich households who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (P>0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was no difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between wealth groups in 6-11.9mo and 18-23.9mo children. Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6.11.9mo and 12-17.9mo children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18-23.9mo children. Intakes of protein, fat, vitamin C, B vitamins, vitamin D, vitamin E, iron and calcium were higher in 12-23.9mo children from rich households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.

scholarly journals Independent and joint contribution of inappropriate complementary feeding and poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practices to stunted child growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahama Saaka ◽  
Ferguson N. Saapiire ◽  
Richard N. Dogoli
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Joint Contribution

Abstract The causes of undernutrition are often linked to inappropriate complementary feeding practices and poor households’ access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), but limited evidence exists on the combined effect of poor WASH and inappropriate complementary feeding practices on stunted child growth. We assessed the independent and joint contribution of inappropriate complementary feeding and poor WASH practices to stunted growth among children aged 6–23 months in the Jirapa Municipality of Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional analytical study design was used with a sample of 301 mothers/caregivers having children aged 6–23 months. The results indicate that in a multivariable logistic regression model that adjusted for confounders, children receiving both unimproved water and inappropriate complementary feeding had a higher and significant odd of becoming stunted (adjusted odds ratio = 33. 92; 95 % confidence interval 3⋅04, 37⋅17; P = 0⋅004) compared to households having both improved water sources and appropriate complementary feeding practices. Except for unimproved drinking water sources, poor sanitation and hygiene, which comprised the use of unimproved household toilet facilities, washing hands without soap and improper disposal of child faeces were not associated with the risks of stunting among children aged 6–23 months. The combined effect of unimproved water and inappropriate complementary feeding on stunting was greater than either unimproved water only or inappropriate complementary feeding only.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Complementary Feeding on Iron Deficiency Anemia and Growth in Breastfed Infants: Home-Made VS Commercial

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Roedi Irawan ◽  
Nur Aisiyah Widjaja ◽  
Meta Herdiana Hanindita
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Breastfed Infants

After approximately 6 months of age, term breastfed infants are increasingly depend on other sources of iron to avoid iron deficiency anemia, due to the depletion of the low concentration of iron in human milk. The appropriate complementary feeding must include a balance composition of foods containing an adequate amount of macro- and micronutrients to avoid iron deficiency anemia. This study aimed to compare the risk of iron deficiency and growth in breastfeed infants receiving commercial fortified complementary foods or home-made. A cross-sectional study was held on April-June 2016 to evaluate infants aged 6-24 months with breast feeding intake for 6 month of life. Complementary feeding practices were determined by questionnaire; an unquantified food frequency and feeding practices questionnaire was used to determine usual food intake. Biochemical assessment of haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF) and serum iron (SI) level were measured. Anthropometric were assessed using WHO Child Growth Standard 2005. Statistical analysis used were Chi-square Test. Thirty eight infants were enrolled, mean age of 16.2 (SD 10.5) months. 17 infants consumed commercial complementary foods and 21 infants use home-made. Infants with home-made had lower Hb level, SF and SI  than those receiving commercial complementary food, and had higher risk of underweight, stunted and wasted. Infants with home-made complementary food had lower haemoglobin, serum feritin and serum iron levels than those in fortified complementary food CF; and a higher risk of stunted and wasted than children with commercial fortified CF.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Dietary Behaviours, Health-Related Habits and Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobopamang Letamo ◽  
Mpho Keetile ◽  
Kannan Navaneetham ◽  
Keitumetse Medupi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Background There is scanty information regarding sex or gender differences in health-related habits, NCD risk factors, and prevalence of NCDs in Botswana. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of gender differences on health-related habits, weight status, common NCD risk factors, and on the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based survey called the Botswana STEPS Survey II which was conducted in 2014 based on people aged 15–64 years. The survey used a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology to arrive at nationally representative sample. As such during analysis of data, a complex sample module from SPSS was adopted to account for the multiple stages of sampling. The predicted probabilities of outcome variables were derived by controlling the covariates. A total sample size of 2947 participants aged 25–64 years were used in this study. Results The study results showed that a statistically significant high predicted percentage of men compared to women smoked tobacco (34.4%, 95% CI: 33.5–35.1 vs. 4.4%, 95% CI: 4.3–4.5). Men were also consistently engaging in heavy alcohol use and low consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, and these differences were statistically significant. On the other, physical inactivity among women was higher than men. Controlling other covariates, a higher predicted probability of women than men were overweight (28.7%, 95% CI: 28.6–28.8 vs. 18.3%, 95% CI: 18.0-18.6) and obese (25.8%, 95% CI: 25.4–26.2 vs. 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.9–10.5). Women are at the greater risk of developing NCDs compared to men since the adjusted prevalence of at least 3 common risk factors were more among women than men. A higher adjusted predicted prevalence of women than men suffered from hypertension (39.4%, 95% CI: 38.9–40.0 vs. 26.1%, 95% CI: 25.5–26.8). Conclusions Overall, the study observed that there were gender differences in health-related habits, malnutrition, NCD risk factors and NCD prevalence. Appropriate policies and programmes need to be adopted in order to urgently address the problem of NCDs.

scholarly journals Perspectives of skilled birth attendants and pregnant women regarding episiotomy: a quantitative approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1361
Author(s):  
Dokuba Tex-Jack ◽  
Chinemerem Eleke
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vaginal Birth ◽  
World Health ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
First Time Mothers ◽  
First Time

Background: The World Health Organization recommended less than 10% episiotomy rate for Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs) and hospitals in 1996. More than two decades afterwards, some health facilities are still grappling with meeting the set target. Objectives: This study assessed the perspectives of SBAs and pregnant women regarding episiotomy in a Nigerian univer- sity teaching hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed. Census sampling was used to select 19 SBAS and 973 vaginal birth re- cords from 2019, while consecutive sampling technique was used to enrol 134 consenting pregnant women obtaining ante- natal services in the facility. Data was collected using a three part instrument involving a data extraction sheet, episiotomy practice questionnaire for SBAs, and feelings about episiotomy questionnaire for pregnant women. Assembled data were summarised with descriptive statistics. Results: The episiotomy rate was 345(35.5%). About 266 (77.1%) of first time mothers (primips) and 79(22.9%) of non- first time mothers (multips) received episiotomy. Ten (52.6%) of the SBAs were unsure of any evidence supporting routine episiotomy. All the 19(100%) SBAs reported that there was no existing facility-based policy regarding routine episiotomy. Seventy five (56%) of the pregnant women reported feeling generally bad about episiotomy. One hundred and one (82.3%) of them hinted that they will not feel satisfied if they were given episiotomy with the reason that it ensures quick vaginal birth. Conclusion: The rate of episiotomy was higher than global recommended standards and primips are disproportionately af- fected. If organised by professional societies, more scientific conferences on limiting episiotomy might remedy this situation. Keywords: Episiotomy; birth; pregnant women; vagina; Nigeria.

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