Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Kakao Menjadi Briket Arang sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif dengan Penambahan Ampas Buah Merah

A B S T R A C TThe conversion of cocoa shell waste into char briquettes has been carried out through various methods. However, the product characteristics do not meet the SNI briquettes requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to improve process engineering by mixing cocoa peel waste with red fruit pulp to get char briquettes in order to improve quality of briquette products. This research was carried out through pyrolysis process with temperthwatures up to 500 oC and held for 4 hours. The research objective was to produce char briquettes from cacao pod shell waste with the addition of red fruit pulp and its characteristic test. The study was designed with 2 variables, namely independent variables in the form of char raw material powder that passed 50 mesh sieve, weight ratio of cocoa shell char powder and red fruit pulp char powder (100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0%:100%), pressure (100 kg/cm2), 10% starch adhesive from raw materials, and briquette diameter of 40 mm. Whereas the dependent variables are the moisture content (%), volatile content (%), ash content (%), fixed carbon content (%), and calorific value (cal/g). The results showed that the process of pyrolysis of char briquettes waste cocoa shell with red fruit pulp can increase its calorific value. The best characteristics of briquette were obtained from mixed briquettes (composition of 30%:70%) with moisture content of 5.63%, volatile content of 18.65%, ash content of 9.45%, fixed carbon content of 66.27%, and calorific value of 6422 cal/g.A B S T R A KPemanfaatan limbah kulit buah kakao menjadi briket arang telah banyak dilakukan melalui berbagai metode tetapi belum memenuhi persyaratan SNI briket arang. Oleh karena itu, perlu diupayakan untuk mendapatkan briket arang yang memenuhi persyaratan SNI. Salah satunya dengan cara mencampurkan limbah kulit kakao dengan ampas buah merah karena ampas buah merah memiliki nilai kalor yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui proses pirolisis dengan suhu sampai dengan 500 oC dan ditahan selama 4 jam. Tujuan penelitian untuk memproduksi briket arang dari limbah kulit buah kakao dengan penambahan ampas buah merah serta uji karakteristiknya. Penelitian dirancang dengan 2 variabel, yaitu variabel bebas (independent variable) berupa ukuran serbuk bahan baku arang yang lolos saringan 50 mesh, rasio massa campuran serbuk arang kulit kakao dengan serbuk arang ampas buah merah (100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, dan 0%:100%), tekanan pengempaan (100 kg/cm2), perekat kanji 10% dari bahan baku, dan diameter briket 40 mm. Variabel terikat (dependent variable) yang diukur yaitu kadar air (%), kadar zat mudah menguap (%), kadar abu (%), kadar karbon terikat (%), dan nilai kalor (kal/g). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dengan melalui proses pirolisis briket arang limbah kulit kakao dengan ampas buah merah dapat meningkatkan nilai kalor-nya. Karakteristik briket terbaik diperoleh dari briket komposisi campuran (30%:70%) dengan kadar air 5,63 %, kadar zat mudah menguap 18,65 %, kadar abu 9,45 %, kadar karbon terikat 66,27 %, dan nilai kalor 6422 kal/g.

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THE EFFECT OF BINDER RATIO ON THE PHYSICAL AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBONIZED RICE STALK BRIQUETTES

International Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.46654/ij.24889849.e6101 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 221-229

Author(s):

Rapheal Ige ◽

Elinge Ogala ◽

Cosmos Moki ◽

Abdulrahman Habeeb

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Hot Water ◽

High Concentration ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Binder Ratio ◽

Fixed Carbon Content

The selection or choice of agro-waste briquettes for domestic and industrial cottage applications depends on the fuel properties. In this study, the briquette was produced by carbonizing the rice stalk followed by crushing and sieving, the binder was prepared by dissolving the starch in hot water, then mixed with the sieved carbonized rice stalk and then the briquette was produced using the briquetting machine. Proximate analyses, viability, characteristics and combustion were determined to know the average composition of their constituents. From the results obtained it was observed that ash content, moisture content, after glow and ignition propagation decrease as the binder ratio increase while fixed carbon content, volatile matter, calorific value, density and compressive strength increase. The results of this work indicate that briquettes produced using high concentration of the binder would make good biomass fuels. However, it has a high moisture content of 25.00%, high ash content of 23.00%, moderate volatile matter of 44.80%, low fixed carbon content of 32.20%, moderate calorific value of 13.86 MJ/Kg and high density of 0.643g/cm3. The results obtained for all the parameters showed that rice stalks briquettes produced with high concentration of the binder (starch) had a better performance based on their combustion profile.

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Making Charcoal Briquettes from Corncobs Organic Waste Using Variation of Type and Percentage of Adhesives

JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia) ◽

10.20961/jkpk.v2i1.8518 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lilih Sulistyaningkarti ◽

Budi Utami

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Volatile Content ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Tapioca Flour

This study aimed to (1) make charcoal briquettes from corncobs organic waste; (2) determine the right type of adhesive to make a corncobs charcoal briquette to produce good quality briquettes; (3) determine the appropriate percentage of adhesive to produce corncobs briquettes to produce good quality briquettes; and (4) know the best characteristics of corncobs charcoal briquettes which include moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and caloric value. The sample used was corncob obtained from a corn farmer in Pasekan Village, Wonogiri regency. This research used experimental method in laboratory with several stages, namely: (1) preparation of materials; (2) carbonization; (3) crushing and sifting of charcoal (4) mixing charcoal with adhesive and water; (5) briquetting; (6) briquette drying; And (7) analysis of briquette quality. This adhesive types used in this research were tapioca flour and wheat flour and the percentage of adhesive material were 5%, 10% and 15% from total weight of charcoal powder. The result of the research were: (1) charcoal briquettes as alternative energy source can be made from biomass waste (corncobs organic waste); (2) charcoal briquettes from organic corncobs wastes using tapioca flour adhesives have better quality than using wheat flour adhesives; (3) the both charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive and 5% wheat flour adhesives have better quality than 10% and 15% in terms of moisture content, volatile content, ash content, carbon content and calorific value; and (4) the best characteristics obtained are for the charcoal briquettes using 5% of tapioca flour adhesive, which have water content of 3,665%; volatile matter amounting of 11.005%; ash content of 4.825%; fixed carbon content of 80.515%; and high heat value of 5661,071%.

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Utilization of soybean dregs for solid fuel production through hydrothermal carbonization

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci200216292p ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 292-292

Author(s):

Nugroho Pambudi ◽

Panji Ardiyansyah ◽

Riina Syivarulli ◽

Muhammad Biddinika ◽

Mochamad Syamsiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Saturation Pressure ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽

Ash Content ◽

Holding Time ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Volatile Content ◽

Water Ratio

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical process used in converting biomass into a coal-like substance known as hydrochar. This is usually carried out at high temperature with water below the saturation pressure for a certain period known as holding time. The biomass used was soybean dregs, which is the residue obtained from processing soy sauce with low economic value. The aim of this study therefore was to determine the calorific value of the hydrochar produced from soybean dregs at hydrothermal carbonization temperatures of 160?C, 190?C, and 220?C and at holding times of 30 and 60 minutes, also at a temperature of 190?C with the biomass and water ratio at 1:4 and 1:5. The results showed that the highest calorific value was produced a temperature of 220?C and a holding time of 60 minutes, which was 3,866 Kcal/Kg, the highest carbon content was 26.49%, the lowest moisture content was at 1.77%, the lowest volatile content was at 62.98%, while the lowest ash content was8.64%. Considering biomass to water ratio with the holding time, the highest calorific value was at 3,546 Kcal/Kg, the highest carbon content was 20.32%, the lowest moisture content at 1.71%, the lowest volatile content was 68.58%, while the lowest ash content was at 8.37%. The highest calorific value of the hydrochar produced was similar to the calorific value standard of lignite coal which is around 3,511-4,611 Kcal/Kg according to the American Standard Testing and Mineral (ASTM).

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TORREFACTION OF PALM BIOMASS BRIQUETTES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.9656 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (9-2) ◽

Author(s):

Hasan Mohd Faizal ◽

M. Amin M. Jusoh ◽

Mohd Rosdzimin Abdul Rahman ◽

S. Syahrullail ◽

Z. A. Latiff

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Compaction Pressure ◽

Calorific Value ◽

High Energy ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Gross Calorific Value ◽

Fresh Fruit Bunch ◽

Combustion Properties ◽

Fixed Carbon Content

The climate change has driven towards transformation from the high energy dependence on fossil fuel to inexhaustible renewable energy such as solar, wind, mini hydro and biomass. In Malaysia, abundant of palm biomass residues are produced during the processing of fresh fruit bunch. Therefore it is inevitable to harness these bioenergy sources in order to prevent waste accumulation at adjacent to palm mills. In order to utilize such bioenergy sources and to cope with the fast growing demand of energy, combination technique of densification and torrefaction is one of the potential ways to be practised. In the present study, the physical and combustion properties of torrefied empty fruit bunch (EFB) briquettes were investigated experimentally with constant nitrogen flow rate of 1 l/min , for various torrefaction temperatures (225-300). Before torrefaction process, EFB briquettes were initially produced under controlled condition with compaction pressure of 7 MPa and briquetting temperature of 150. In general, the torrefied EFB briquettes were successfully produced in the present study. The results show that an increase in torrefaction temperature from 225 to 300 causes a significant increase in gross calorific value (from around 17400 kJ/kg to 25000 kJ/kg), fixed carbon content (from 16.2% to 46.2%) and ash content (from 2.4% to 17.2%). On the other hand, relaxed density and volatile matter decrease, from 1017 kg/m3 to 590 kg/m3 and from 73.1% to 29.7%, respectively. As a conclusion, the gross calorific value and fixed carbon content are improved due to torrefaction. In addition, it was found that gross calorific value and moisture content of the torrefied EFB briquettes fulfil the requirement for commercial briquette production as stated by DIN51731 (gross calorific value>17500 kJ/kg and moisture content <10%).

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BIOBRIQUETTE PRODUCTION FROM PALM FRONDS AND SHELLS: EFFECT OF MATERIAL COMPOSITION AND PARTICLE SIZE

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v7i1.1632 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Okta Bani ◽

Iriany ◽

Taslim ◽

Cici Novita Sari ◽

Cindy Carnella

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Water Content ◽

Combustion Rate ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Fixed Carbon Content

Briquettes are solid fuels from organic materials with high calorific values and burn duration. The composition and particle size of the raw material may affect briquette quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of composition and particle size on calorific value and characteristics of the resulting briquettes. In this study, briquettes were made using palm oil fronds and shells at mass ratio of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and particle size of not-dertemined, 50, 70, and 100 mesh. First, raw material was carbonized at 450°C for 30 minutes then added to 20%wt. starch glue and waste oil (1:1 ratio). Resulting briquettes were analyzed for its water content, ash content, density, volatile matter content, fixed carbon content, combustion rate, calorific value, and compressive strength. Satisfying results were obtained for briquettes with a front to shell ratio of 1:8, and a particle size of 100 mesh. At this condition, the resulting briquettes have water content of 5.5%; ash content of 2.54%; density of 0.51 g/cm3; 19.58% vapor content; fixed carbon content of 72.38%; combustion rate of 0.2 g/min (3.4×10-3 g/sec); calorific value of 15.3 kcal/g; and compressive strength of 0.06 N/mm2. These results have complied with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), Japanese, American, and English standards, except for briquette compressive strength, which have not met the industrial standard.

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Analysis of the Quality of Mixed Coconut Shell Waste Briquettes with Various Biomass Additives as Alternative Fuels

Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology ◽

10.25105/jeeset.v4i2.9118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yusraida Khairani Dalimunthe ◽

Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽

Listiana Satiawati ◽

Thariq Madani ◽

Teuku Ananda Rizky

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Bamboo Charcoal ◽

A Value ◽

Shell Waste

The purpose of this study was to see the best quality of briquettes from the main ingredient of coconut shell waste with various biomass additives to see the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter content of the biomass mixture. Furthermore, further research will be carried out specifically to see the quality of briquettes from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sawdust. The method used in this research is to conduct a literature study of various literature related to briquettes from coconut shell waste mixed with various additives specifically and then look at the best quality briquettes produced from these various pieces of literature. As for what is determined as the control variable of this study is coconut shell waste and as an independent variable, namely coffee skin waste, rice husks, water hyacinth, Bintaro fruit, segon wood sawdust, coconut husk, durian skin, bamboo charcoal, areca nut skin, and leather waste. sago with a certain composition. Furthermore, this paper also describes the stages of making briquettes from coconut shell waste and sawdust for further testing of the calorific value, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content on a laboratory scale for further research. From various literatures, it was found that the highest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and bamboo charcoal with a value of 7110.7288 cal / gr and the lowest calorific value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago shell waste with a value of 114 cal / gr, then for the value The highest water content was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and rice husk with a value of 37.70% and the lowest water content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste 3.80%, then for the highest ash content value was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and coffee skin with a value of 20.862% and for the lowest ash content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and Bintaro fruit waste, namely 2%, and for the highest volatile matter content value obtained from a mixture of coconut shell and coconut husk waste with a value of 33.45% and for the value of volatile matter levels The lowest was obtained from a mixture of coconut shell waste and sago skin waste with a value of 33 , 45%.

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Energetic potential of bamboo culms for industrial and domestic use in Southern Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160233 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 1963-1968 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ailton Leonel Balduino Junior ◽

Thalles Yurgen Balduino ◽

Gustavo Friederichs ◽

Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha ◽

Martha Andreia Brand

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Energy Generation ◽

Extractive Content ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Gross Calorific Value ◽

Bambusa Vulgaris ◽

Domestic Use ◽

Fixed Carbon Content

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the energetic quality of the Bambusa vulgaris culms for combustion (in natura) and as a charcoal. Five individuals (culms) of Bambusa vulgaris of 3 years of age were analyzed, gathered in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. In the in natura culms it was determined the moisture content freshly gathered (39%); basic density (0.624gcm-3); the chemical composition (total extractive content (16.26%) and lignin content (25.76%)); the proximate chemical composition (volatiles content (82.25%); fixed carbon content (15.26%) and ash (2.49%)) and gross calorific value (4571kcalkg-1). In the charcoal, produced in the laboratory, the determined properties were the gravimetric yield (36.40%);the apparent density (0.372gcm-3); volatiles content (27.55%); fixed carbon content (67.32%); ash (5.12%) and gross calorific value (7431kcalkg-1). The Bambusa vulgaris species has potential for use in the energy generation either in natura, as chips for burning in boilers or in the charcoal form for domestic use, it can be used to broaden the base of biomass for energy generation and to replace the timber species of Pinus and Eucalyptus gender used for this purpose in the Southern region of Brazil.

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PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PADA PEMBUATAN BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v4i2.1470 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 46-52

Author(s):

Erwin Junary ◽

Julham Prasetya Pane ◽

Netti Herlina

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Volatile Matter Content ◽

Temperature Variable

The availability of the petroleum fuels that deprived from fossil is depleted with the increase of human population. The challenge for this fuel shortage crisis can certainly be anticipated with the manufacture of fuels deprived from renewable biomass. The study of this research is to create a biocharcoal deprived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) with the optimum carbonization time and temperature in order to obtain a biocharcoal with the highest calorific value. Biocharcoal is a charcoal created from biomass. The study of the determination of the optimum conditions for the manufacture of biocharcoal from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a temperature variable of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 0C and time variable of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Sugar palm was first cut into a small pieces and dried up under the sun and then put into a furnace to carbonate it according to the predetermined variables. The product from furnace was then put inside a desicator to cool it off for 30 minutes and then analyze it with moisture content test, ash content test, volatile matter content test, carbon content test and calorific value test. The best result was obtained at the temperature of 350 0C and 120 minutes of carbonization with the calorific value of 8611,2581 cal/gr, moisture content of %, ash content of %, volatile matter content of % and carbon content of %. Based of the calorific value obtained, the result shows that sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) biocharcoal could be utilize as an renewable alternative source fuels

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PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PEREKAT TEPUNG PADA BIOBRIKET LIMBAH BAGLOG JAMUR

Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin ◽

10.23917/mesin.v18i2.5240 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Widodo Hari Prabowo ◽

Muhammad Viki Lutfiana ◽

Rosid Rosid ◽

Muhammad Burhanuddin Ubaidillah

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Volatile Substance ◽

Drop Test ◽

Volatile Substances ◽

Alternative Energy Sources

ABSTRAK Energi yang berasal dari biomassa misalnya limbah baglog, yang selama ini dibuang atau tidak dimanfaatkan, merupakan limbah yang dapat dikonfersi menjadi sumber energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Limbah baglog jamur dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar dengan cara, mengubah limbah tersebut menjadi biobriket. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk pengkajian laju pembakaran, nilai kalor, kadar abu, kadar air, kadar zat yang menguap, kadar karbon dan drop test pada biobriket. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan menggunakan perbandingan A (1:1:1) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram limbah baglog 250 gram dan air 250 ml, perbandingan B (1:2:2) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram limbah baglog 500 gram dan air 500 ml, perbandingan C (1:3:3) dengan komposisi tepung kanji 250 gram limbah baglog 1000 gram dan air 1000 ml. Pembutan yang pertama dengan penghancuran limbah baglog dan pengeringan, pencampuran tepung, limbah baglog dan air, pengepresan biobriket kemudian dikeringkan. Hasil penelitian memperoleh nilai kalor, kadar air, kadar karbon dan kadar zat yang menguap terdapat pada biobriket sampel A (1:1:1) sebesar 4065,69 kal/g, 5%, 15,4%, dan 71,4 % untuk kadar abu terbaik terdapat pada sampel B (1:2:2) sebesar 4,8%. Kata kunci: Limbah baglog, biobriket, bahan bakar fosil, jamur tiram ABSTRACT Energy derived from biomass such as baglog waste that has been disposed or not utilized, is a waste that can be converted into alternative energy sources of fossil fuel. Wastes baglog mushrooms are used as fuel by the way, turning the waste into bio briquette. The aim of this research is to test the combustion rate, calorific value, ash content, moisture content, volatile substance content, carbon content and drop test on bio briquett. The method used in the preparation uses A (1: 1: 1) comparison with starchy flour composition 250 grams of baglog 250 grams and 250 ml water, B ratio (1: 2: 2) with starchy flour composition 250 grams baglog 500 grams and water 500 ml, C ratio (1: 3: 3) with starch flour composition 250 grams of baglog waste 1000 grams and water 1000 ml. Making the first with the destruction of baglog waste and drying, mixing flour, baglog waste and water, briquette pressing then dried. The results of the research were obtained values of caloric, water content, carbon content and the content of volatile substances in A (1: 1: 1) biobriket of 4065.69 cal / g, 5%, 15.4%, and 71.4% The best ash content was found in sample B (1: 2: 2) of 4.8%. The results obtained of calorific value, moisture content, carbon content and volatile substances were found in A (1: 1: 1) sample biobriket of 4065, 69 cal / g, 5%, 15.4%, and 71.4% for the best ash content were found in sample B (1: 2: 2) of 4.8%. Keywords : Baglog waste, bio briquette, fossil fuel, oyster mushroom

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Improvement of Combustion Quality of Biomass Briquette from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) for Alternative Energy

ICONIET PROCEEDING ◽

10.33555/iconiet.v2i1.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Andre Nugraha Pramadhana ◽

Diah Indriani Widiputri ◽

Gustan Pari

Keyword(s):

Carbon Content ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Aquatic Vegetation ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Combustion Characteristic ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Fixed Carbon Content

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a floating plant species, which spreads rapidly in fresh water area. This plant has found to cause environmental problems, such as clogging drainage, water intakes, and ditches, shading out other aquatic vegetation and interfering with fishing, shipping as well as recreational activities. In contrast to its drawbacks, water hyacinth is considered as one of the potential agricultural wastes in Indonesia that can be processed into an alternative solid fuel. Carbonization followed by briquetting is one of the methods that can be applied to process biomass into solid fuels. This work investigated the effect of carbonization temperature and two different types of binders on combustion characteristic of water hyacinth biomass. In this work, carbonization was carried out at three different temperatures, i.e. 350oC, 400oC and 450oC, while comparing the application of two types of binders, which were tapioca gel and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive. The results showed that carbonization process of water hyacinth increased the fixed carbon content and the calorific value, and the best result was obtained at 450oC with tapioca gel as the binder. With this condition, the fixed carbon content in the biomass briquette could be increased up to 34.14% with a calorific value of 3,837 kcal/kg. Although the combustion efficiency was only 4.89%. The application of water hyacinth as biomass briquette has shown a promising alternative to reduce CO emission and the above-mentioned environment problems.

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