Grammatical Errors in the English Version of Indonesia’s Official Tourism Website

Lexicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Erlita Cipta Sari
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
English Version ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Republic

This research attempts to investigate the grammatical errors occuring in the official website of Indonesia’s tourism managed by the Tourism and Creative Economy Ministry of  the Republic of Indonesia. It classifies the grammatical errors based on their lingustic categories. The data used in this research were taken from the articles containing grammatical errors. The results show that from 11037 words, 150 errors (13.59 per 1000 words) were found. The errors were evenly distributed across the three menus under investigation, with those in the News menu (15.46 errors per 1000 words) being slightly greater than those in the Discover Indonesia menu (12.97) and the Events menu (12.65). Furthermore, of the 150 errors, 131 (87.33%) belong to the syntactic category and only 19 (12.67%) belong to the morphological category.  Out of the 19 morphological errors, the most frequent errors occured in the incorrect use of nominal modifiers (9 or 47.37%), followed by the incorrect use of third person singular verb (5 or 26.32%). As for the syntactic errors, the most common (102 or 77.87%) occured in the use of the noun phrase, followed by the incorrect use of the verb phrase (15 or 11.45%). Out of the 102 errors in the use of the noun phrase, most errors (65 or 63.72%) happened because of the omission of the articles, especially the definite article. The results seem to reflect the ability of the writers which do not clearly understand about the occasions when the definite article must be used.

scholarly journals GRAMMATICAL ERRORS MADE BY THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK GRAFIKA BINA MEDIA MEDAN IN WRITING ADVERTISEMENT TEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Angeline Elisabeth Samosir ◽  
Viator Lumban Raja ◽  
Fiber Yun A Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research is an attempt to find out the types of errors made by the tenth grade students of SMK Grafika Bina Media Medan based on linguistic category, morphology and syntax and the dominant errors in each category. The population of this research is the tenth grade students amounting 56 students of three classes. As many as 30 students are taken as a sample which is randomly taken 10 students from each class. The research employed the descriptive qualitative research analysis. Based on the result of the analysis, there are 117 errors found in the students’ writing advertisement text. In the morphological area, there are errors in article, possessive case, third person singular and comparative so there are 35,90% errors. Meanwhile, in syntax area the writer found noun phrase, verb phrase, noun and verb construction, word order and some transformation, there are 64,10%. in conclusion, the dominant errors made by the tenth grade students of SMK Grafika Bina Media Medan is syntax errors namedly noun phrase.

scholarly journals Microvariation in Verbal and Nominal Agreement: An Analysis of Two Lombard Alpine Dialects

Probus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Pescarini
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Nominal Agreement ◽  
Plural Subject ◽  
The Third Person

Abstract In Bregagliotto and Mesolcinese, two Lombard Alpine dialects, feminine plural agreement/concord is marked by the formative -n, a reflex of the third person plural verbal ending. In Bregagliotto, plural -n triggers mesoclisis of the feminine subject clitic in contexts of inversion, whereas in the noun phrase -n behaves as a second-position element marking plural feminine concord. Mesolcinese exhibits verbal gender agreement as the formative -n occurs on the inflected verb whenever a feminine plural subject or the feminine plural object clitic occurs; in feminine plural DPs, -n is attached to any element except the definite article. I argue that the Bregagliotto system emerged when -n was reanalysed as an adjunct pluraliser, whereas in Mesolcinese -n has been turned into a marker of morphophonological concord/agreement.

scholarly journals Microvariation in Verbal and Nominal Agreement: An Analysis of Two Lombard Alpine Dialects

Probus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-248
Author(s):  
Diego Pescarini
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Nominal Agreement ◽  
Plural Subject ◽  
The Third Person

Abstract In Bregagliotto and Mesolcinese, two Lombard Alpine dialects, feminine plural agreement/concord is marked by the formative -n, a reflex of the third person plural verbal ending. In Bregagliotto, plural -n triggers mesoclisis of the feminine subject clitic in contexts of inversion, whereas in the noun phrase -n behaves as a second-position element marking plural feminine concord. Mesolcinese exhibits verbal gender agreement as the formative -n occurs on the inflected verb whenever a feminine plural subject or the feminine plural object clitic occurs; in feminine plural DPs, -n is attached to any element except the definite article. I argue that the Bregagliotto system emerged when -n was reanalysed as an adjunct pluraliser, whereas in Mesolcinese -n has been turned into a marker of morphophonological concord/agreement.

scholarly journals GRAMMATICAL ERRORS PERFORMED BY TOURIST GUIDES IN GORONTALO CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Muziatun Muziatun ◽  
Ansar Tario Jusuf
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Grammatical Errors ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Tourist Guides

The goal of this research is to investigate grammatical errors in speaking performed by tour guides in Gorontalo city. As demanding English is a compulsory language for those who work in the tourism sector when they deal with foreign tourists. This study aims to uncover grammatical errors produced by Gorontalo tour guides. Afterwards, this research uses sequential mixed method that proposed by Creswell, which aims to investigate and discover the types of grammatical errors followed by modus data. Moreover, the data analysis of this study uses a guideline that proposed by Politzer and Ramirez who explained the types of grammatical errors in detail. This study reveals that the ability of 12 tour guides produce speaking in a grammatically low manner. It indicates that the number of grammatical errors is dominated by the verb phrase, noun phrase and transformation. Followed by third person present singular, simple past tense, and past participle. Overall, this research is expected to contribute to tour guides in Gorontalo city, especially what needs to be emphasized by tour guides in speaking grammatically.Keywords: grammatical errors; tourist guide; Gorontalo

scholarly journals Pronouns

Linguistics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elly van Gelderen
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Prepositional Phrase ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Status ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
And Gender

The word “pronoun” can refer to many things; its name suggests that it stands for or refers to another noun. Personal, reflexive, reciprocal, relative, and indefinite pronouns indeed replace nouns, or more accurately noun phrases (NPs) or determiner phrases (DPs). Possessive, demonstrative, and interrogative pronouns can either refer to an NP or DP on their own or modify a noun to form part of a DP, and are then referred to as determiners. There are also “preforms” that stand for a prepositional phrase, adjective phrase, and verb phrase; the proforms will not be discussed here. From a diachronic perspective, there are many generalities in how pronouns arise. Thus, third-person personal pronouns often develop from demonstratives, and reflexives develop from nouns related to “person” or “self.” Since a pronoun is not stable diachronically, languages vary between whether pronouns are arguments, topics, or agreement and whether they are pronouns, clitics, or affixes. Cross-linguistic studies show that (subject) agreement is more frequent than pronouns and it is therefore important to consider the status of this (pronominal) agreement as opposed to full pronouns. If a pronoun stands for a noun phrase, the question arises as to what its syntactic category is, i.e., is it a D with an empty noun or a DP/NP? The answer is that it varies cross-linguistically. Pronouns can be specialized for the person, number, and gender of the referent and are, in many languages, marked by case for its grammatical function and for level of formality. Looking from a typological perspective, it is obvious that these marking are not arbitrary; for instance, third person pronouns are more likely to indicate gender. Pronouns can mark politeness and inclusiveness and exclusiveness of the addressee. The syntax and morphology of pronouns centers around the question if they are a D or a DP or somewhere in between. This question is obviously related to their status as full argument or as agreement marker. Languages also differ as to what features are encoded and how. The pragmatics and semantics of pronouns are also complex. In many languages, the topicality of the noun phrase is marked by the use of a full nominal, a pronoun, or a zero form. For instance, a pronoun may be left out (pro-drop in Romance) when the noun phrase referred to is highly topical and an emphatic pronoun is used when the topic is switched. Finally, references on acquisition and retention have been provided.

A Code Mixing Analysis of Javanese Community at Karang Anyar

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Merina Devira
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Syntactic Pattern ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan tentang faktor-faktor yangmempengaruhi penggunaan code mixing pada komunitas suku Jawa di desa Karang Anyar,Langsa, serta untuk menjelaskan pola sintaks yang terbentuk pada percakapan code mixingtersebut melalui diagaram pohon. Untuk mengumpulkan data, penelitian ini menggunakantiga metode: observasi, rekaman, dan wawancara. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 15 orangbersuku Jawa yang berumur 20-60 tahun. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah rekaman wawancarapara subjek dan rekaman percakapan para subjek yang terdapat tuturan code mixing. Hasildari penelitian ini menunjukkan tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi code mixing di desatersebut dan pola sintaks pada percakapan komunitas Jawa yang mengandung code mixingdalam hal penggunaan fase kata kerja, kata benda, kata bantu, dan kata seru.Kata kunci: code mixing, analisis, komunitas suku Jawa, pola sintaksABSTRACTThe aims of this research are to describe the factors influencing the use of code mixingin the Javanese community at Karang Anyar Village, Langsa, then to describe the syntacticpatterns in the code mixing of conversations uttered in that community by using a treediagram. To collect data, this study used three methods: observation, recording, and interviewmethod. The subjects of this study are 15 people of Javanese community aged 20-60 yearsold. The data in this research are the subject interview recordings and the subjects speechJavanese community at Karang Anyar Village Langsa in which code mixing are found. Theresult of this study showed two findings about the factors influencing the use of code mixing inthe Javanese community and the syntactic pattern in the conversation of Javanese communityin terms of the use of verb phrase (VP), noun phrase (NP), auxiliary, and interjection.Keywords: A Code Mixing, Analysis, Javanese Community, Syntactic Pattern

scholarly journals CREATIVE ECONOMY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CROATIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic

Creative economy is one of the most propulsive sectors, which share in global economy as well as national ones continuously grows (Jones et al., 2016). Within the territory of 28 EU member states it participates with 4.5% of GDP and employs 3.8% of total workforce (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 2017). Axis of creative economy development is made of cultural and creative industries that are generators of new technologies, innovation and media. This paper analyses cultural and creative industry in the Republic of Croatia, as well as their role in economic and social development of the country. Cultural and creative industry (CCI) are directed towards highly educated workforce of tertiary education, digital society and 4.0 Globalisation. People employed in CCI in the Republic of Croatia are at the EU average with 3.6% of total workforce (2017) and with 50% of employed with tertiary education (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat, 2017). CCI are important in expressing identity of the people but they are also an engine of economic growth (HKKI, 2015).

KAJIAN SINTAKSIS DALAM PENGGUNAAN FRASA DI JEJARING SOSIAL FACEBOOK

Buana Bastra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Gosita Ifantias Meisawitri ◽  
Luluk Isani Kulup
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Arbitrary System ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Data Source

Every human being would socialize with other humans. Humans interact by using a tool called language. Language itself is often inerpreted as arbitrary system sounds symbol, languageis universal, that language has meaning or has intention to nonvey something. Language as a meansof social communication can be illustrated in the social network facebook. The phrase is notpredicative and does not have verb and phrases are groups of words. The phrase can be dividedinto phrases and phrases eksosentrik and endosentrik. The use of the phrase alone is consideredless sufficiet when used to make facebook social media users use the appropriate phrase. Facebookuser community consists of some society levels, the top level society, middle level society andbottom level society. Many Facebook users do not care about it because each of them has a styleand language in their own words. No exception educated people, for example, teachers also use alot of slang phrase because era development factors which one of them is language. This studyused a qualitative approach because the research aimed to explain itself and to describe errors ofphrase using that appear in the facebook social media. This research data was screenshot of thestatus sentences .The data source was facebook. Based on the findings of the data and data analysis,it is found some the use of noun phrase, verb phrase, the adjecive phrase, numeralia phrases andprepositional phrase as its function in facebook. According to Samsuri, There are five kinds ofphrases: (1) noun phrase, (2) verb phrase, (3) the adjective phrase, (4) the numeralia phrase, and(5) prepositional phrase. Thus, it can be concluded that there are some the use of phrase thatappears in the status which is written by facebook users.  

scholarly journals BRAND “BALI SHANTI” PADA MEDIA PROMOSI PARIWISATA PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DI PARIS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Erinda Putri Moniaga
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Hindu Religion ◽  
The Republic

This study examines promotional print media on Bali in form of pamphlet and folder made by the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia to Paris and the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia.The aims were to recognize the messages conveyed by both medias and whether the meaning of Bali’s branding, Bali Shanti (Bali Peace), could be delivered or not. The method used in this research were discourse analysis with semiotical approach, and Barthes’s semiotics theory was used as primary theory. The message of Bali Shanti brand is about peace and harmony, since this brand was created to restore the image of the island of Gods after the Bali Bombing in 2002 and 2005. After the analysis, it was found that the pamphlet conveyed to the readers that Bali is a peaceful island with unique culture based on Balinese Hindu religion, thus, this media could transmit the message of Bali Shanti.Meanwhile, the folder expressed Bali as an island with lots of beautiful nature destinations and has exceptional culture, but the message of Bali Shanti brand could not be delivered to the audience.

scholarly journals An Algorithm for Anaphora Resolution in Spanish Texts

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Palomar ◽  
Antonio Ferrández ◽  
Lidia Moreno ◽  
Patricio Martínez-Barco ◽  
Jesús Peral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Anaphora Resolution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Partial Parsing ◽  
Test Corpus ◽  
Reflexive Pronouns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Demonstrative Pronouns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Competitive Algorithms

This paper presents an algorithm for identifying noun phrase antecedents of third person personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and omitted pronouns (zero pronouns) in unrestricted Spanish texts. We define a list of constraints and preferences for different types of pronominal expressions, and we document in detail the importance of each kind of knowledge (lexical, morphological, syntactic, and statistical) in anaphora resolution for Spanish. The paper also provides a definition for syntactic conditions on Spanish NP-pronoun noncoreference using partial parsing. The algorithm has been evaluated on a corpus of 1,677 pronouns and achieved a success rate of 76.8%. We have also implemented four competitive algorithms and tested their performance in a blind evaluation on the same test corpus. This new approach could easily be extended to other languages such as English, Portuguese, Italian, or Japanese.

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