scholarly journals State and Civil Society Relationships in Indonesia: A society-oriented Reading in Search for Democratic Space

PCD Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Arif Mundayat ◽  
Pitra Narendra ◽  
Budi Irawanto

This paper has shown how the relationship between state and civil society in Indonesia is part of the problem of building democratic government. The problems in Indonesian society is the polycentric nature, by which civil society organisations or popular organisations are being fragmanted and often unorganised. This has made it increasingly difficult to transform various conflicts into more political through democratic institution. At least there are four major problems:The first problem is when a strong civil society faces an ineffective state tactic of governmentality. This tends to stimulate civil society resistance and conflict; or it fosters coexistence through alternative governmentality techniques where the relationship between the state and society is in conflict. The second problem is when a weak civil society faces and effective state. This tends to trigger practices of money politics which are embedded in patronage and clientelism. The third problem can be found in the situation where weak civil society faces an ineffective state which tends to stimulate the emergence of extralegal governmentality practiced by thugs, militia, vigilantes, and paramilitaries. The fourth problem is reflected in the situation where a strong civil society faces an effective state.

2021 ◽  
pp. 089976402110574
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Obadare ◽  
Kelly Krawczyk

Civil society and philanthropy in Africa are regularly theorized in formal terms and oft perceived as inherently democratizing forces. Yet, existing evidence exposes the limitations of these assumptions. This article provides an introduction to the symposium issue on civil society and philanthropy in Africa. The objective of the introduction, and the articles contained in the symposium, is to examine important questions related to civil society and philanthropy on the continent: What is the complex history and role of civil society and philanthropy in Africa? How have donor dependence and professionalization affected the effectiveness of the third sector? What are the contours of the relationship between the state and civil society? We ask these crucial questions in an attempt to provide a more nuanced and contextualized understanding of civil society and philanthropy on the continent.


2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Monica Piccolo Almeida

Este artigo propõe-se a analisar em uma perspectiva crítica as principais concepções que predominam na literatura especializada acerca do Estado Brasileiro no limiar dos anos 1990. Toma como objeto de investigação as diversas interpretações construídas sobre algumas temáticas que marcaram a meteórica trajetória de Fernando Collor de Mello rumo a presidência da República. Serão assim analisadas algumas das mais importantes obras que têm como tema o Governo Collor na tentativa de mapear a concepção de Estado que predomina em cada obra. Parte-se da hipótese de que é hegemônica entre os analistas a concepção do Estado brasileiro nos primeiros anos de 1990 como Estado-Sujeito que paira acima de uma Sociedade Civil amorfa, passiva. A vertente explicativa aqui defendida, em uma perspectiva diferenciada e sustentada no arcabouço teórico gramsciniano, sustenta que as relações entre Estado e Sociedade devem ser problematizadas e desnaturalizadas. O modelo de Estado que se forjou, então, não é fruto, unicamente, dos interesses de uma única classe. Ele é visto enquanto relação social e fruto de conflitos entre sujeitos coletivos organizados a partir da sociedade civil e profundamente marcado pelos esforços de transformação do discurso e das práticas neoliberais em hegemônicosPalavras-chave: Estado. Neoliberalismo. Governo Collor. BRAZILIAN STATE ON THE BEGINNING OF THE YEARS 1990: Object-State or Subject-State ?Abstract: This paper aims to examine in a critical perspective the main conceptions that predominate in the specialized literature on the State on the threshold of the years 1990. The object of research are the various interpretations built on some thematic that marked the meteoric career of Fernando Collor de Mello into the Presidency of the Republic Some of the most important works that have as theme Collor's Government are analyzed in an attempt to map the conception that predominates in each work. Considering the hypothesis that it is hegemonic, among analysts, the conception of Brazilian State in the early years of 1990 as asubject State that hangs above an amorphous, Civil society. The explanatory section here defended, in a different perspective and sustained in the Gramscian theory, maintains that the relationship between the State and society must be raised and not naturalized. The State model that was forged, so it is not the result only of the interests of a single class. It is seen as a social relation and the result of conflicts among organized collective subjects from civil society and deeply marked by the speech transformation efforts and neoliberal hegemonic practices.Keywords: State. Neoliberalism. Collor's Government.ESTADO BRASILEÑO EN EL UMBRAL DE LOS AÑOS 1990: ¿Estado Cosa o Estado Sujeto?Resumen: Este trabajo se propone examinar en una perspectiva crítica los conceptos principales que predominan en la literatura especializada sobre el estado en el umbral de los años 1990. Tiene por objeto de investigación las diversas interpretaciones construidas sobre algunas temáticas que marcaron la carrera meteórica de Fernando Collor de Mello en la Presidencia de la República. Por lo tanto serán analizadas algunas de las obras más importantes que tienen como tema el gobierno de Collor, en un intento de mapear la concepción que predomina en cada obra. Se basa en la hipótesis que es hegemónica entre los analistas es el diseño del estado brasileño en los primeros años de 1990 como un estado de sujeto suspendido encima de una Sociedad Civil, amorfa. La sección explicativa aquí defendida, en una perspectiva diferente y sostenido en el teórico gramsciano, mantiene que la relación entre el estado y la sociedad debe plantearse como problematizadas y desnaturalizadas. El modelo de estado que forjó, así por lo tanto, no es el resultado sólo de los intereses de una sola clase. Él es visto como una relación social y el resultado de conflictos entre tema organizado colectivos de la sociedad civil y profundamente marcada por las actividades de procesamiento de voz y neoliberal hegemónico en prácticas.Palabras clave: Estado. Neoliberalismo. Collor gobierno.


1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sussan Siavoshi

The evolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the dynamics of the relationship between the Iranian state and society can be explored by examining the postrevolutionary regime's policies toward intellectuals, particularly as expressed in its regulation of cinema and book publication. This relationship—at least in the period from the early 1980s to the early 1990s—was complex and nuanced. Factionalism within the regime provided an opportunity for intellectuals to engage the state in a process of negotiation and protest, cooperation and defiance, in pushing the boundaries of permitted self-expression. The degree of their success depended in part on which faction controlled the government and its regulatory agencies during particular phases in the evolution of the postrevolutionary regime.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Mierzwa

Peace has to be thought of in a more complex way, which is mainly stimulated by women from civil society. Many questions can no longer be addressed in a thematically and politically isolated or delimited way; chains of action and challenges are too interwoven. So far, too little attention has been paid to the preferential option for the poor, the approach of religionless Christianity and a feminist-liberation-theological-pacifist approach. Topics that are more marginal, such as a peace-ethical approach to money and the relationship between peace and health, are also addressed. Finally, the difficult question of how far one may still cooperate with the state when one is on the trail of peace is explored.


Author(s):  
Uldis Zupa ◽  

The implementation of the comprehensive national defense system in Latvia marks a new turning point in the relationship between the state and society – instead of being consumers of the security and defense provided by the state, every inhabitant of Latvia must become an active contributor to the natio-nal defense system. Thus, the society’s willingness to defend the state becomes an essential element in the successful implementation of the comprehensive state defense system. This article analyzes the different views of Latvian and Russian-speaking population on issues that affect the willingness to defend the state, as well as evaluates the role of intercultural communication for informing public and increasing the involvement in the comprehensive national defense system.


Author(s):  
Leandro Berenguer ◽  
◽  

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted States to adopt exceptional measures to contain their spreads rates and therefore mitigate their effects. In Portugal there was a need to resort to the figure of the state of emergency, being used for the first time since the foundation of the third Republic. To respond to a situation of public calamity, the suspension, albeit partial, of fundamental rights, freedoms and guarantees was used, adopting measures with repercussions in the most varied areas of civil society. Based on the security context of a State, this article intends to analyse the declarations of the state of emergency in Portugal in the light of the theoretical framework of public policies, reflecting on the process of implementing the state of emergency. To this end, the top-down and bottom-up approaches are placed in confrontation as the main theories of public policies implementation in the analysis of the unprecedented political context in Portugal.


SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110615
Author(s):  
Cecilia Santilli ◽  
Roberto Scaramuzzino

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between individual leaders’ career trajectories and organizational structure and identity in Italian civil society organizations (CSOs) active at national level. The analysis in this qualitative study draws on two sets of data, semi-structured interviews with leaders on their career trajectories and their understanding of what it takes to become a leader of a CSO and short biographies of leaders’ career trajectories. Three main representational logics are idenitified: within: multi-level, within: member-organization, and outside: supporting organization. The two first logics are based on a trajectory within the organizations either departing from the local and regional levels of the same organizations or within one or more member organizations. The third logic is based on a trajectory outside the organization that is marked by the ideological affiliation of the president through leading positions in other organizations within the same movement or field.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Osama Sami AL-Nsour

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.


Author(s):  
Michael A. Gomez

This prologue provides an overview of the history of early and medieval West Africa. During this period, the rise of Islam, the relationship of women to political power, the growth and influence of the domestically enslaved, and the invention and evolution of empire were all unfolding. In contrast to notions of an early Africa timeless and unchanging in its social and cultural categories and conventions, here was a western Savannah and Sahel that from the third/ninth through the tenth/sixteenth centuries witnessed political innovation as well as the evolution of such mutually constitutive categories as race, slavery, ethnicity, caste, and gendered notions of power. By the period's end, these categories assume significations not unlike their more contemporary connotations. All of these transformations were engaged with the apparatus of the state and its progression from the city-state to the empire. The transition consistently featured minimalist notions of governance replicated by successive dynasties, providing a continuity of structure as a mechanism of legitimization. Replication had its limits, however, and would ultimately prove inadequate in addressing unforeseen challenges.


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