scholarly journals Unaccompanied Foreign Minors, the Difficult Path from Migration to Citizenship

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p468
Author(s):  
Maria Platamone ◽  
Caterina Calderone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Italian Immigration ◽  
Unaccompanied Foreign Minors

In Italy, the number of unaccompanied foreign minors (UFMs) is constantly and continuously increasing, and includes unaccompanied and separated minors, as well as asylum seekers, coming from different countries and for different reasons. To better understand this phenomenon, the regulations that protect UFMs, the Italian immigration system, and the fundamental rights of children will be discussed. Possible risk factors such as deviance, exploitation and trafficking, and possible intervention strategies to protect unaccompanied foreign minors will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Killing me Softly? Scrutinising the Role of Soft Law in Greece’s Response to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Evangelia (Lilian) TSOURDI ◽  
Niovi VAVOULA
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Hard Law ◽  
Primary Basis ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
Second Wave

Greece emerged as the EU’s poster child in the fight against COVID-19 during the first few months of the pandemic. In this contribution, we assess Greece’s use of soft regulation in its regulatory response to COVID-19. Using “acts of legislative content”, which can be broadly conceptualised as softly adopted hard law, the Greek government largely achieved flexibility and simplified adoption procedures without having to resort to soft law per se. The role of soft law was limited - it complemented hard law rather than constituting the primary basis of COVID-19 restrictions - but not completely negligible. Soft law instruments regulated the processing of personal data, and was also pivotal in clarifying the criminal sanctioning of COVID-related rule violations. Greece’s success in handling the first wave of the pandemic, while effective, was arguably unfair to asylum seekers who saw their right to apply for asylum curtailed, and their right to freedom of movement restricted when limitations on the rest of the population were lifted. With a second wave of infections currently in full swing, it is imperative to keep scrutinising regulatory responses to ensure that they place the health and dignity of every individual (whoever they might be) at their core and fully respect their fundamental rights.

scholarly journals What can we learn from offspring studies in bipolar disorder?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Loftus ◽  
Bruno Etain ◽  
Jan Scott
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Methodological Approaches

SummaryWe offer a contemporary review of studies of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and explore the clinical characteristics of these populations. We discuss how different methodological approaches may influence study findings and may explain some of the heterogeneity in the results reported. We also highlight some of the environmental risk factors that may increase the likelihood of transition from an ‘at-risk’ or high-risk state to bipolar disorder. Last, we briefly discuss the implications of study findings for early intervention strategies and comment on such issues as genetic counselling and primary and early secondary prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Causes and Risk Factor of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adult Asylum Seekers and Refugees

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-423
Author(s):  
Abdullah AlRefaie ◽  
Christopher Dowrick
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees

Objectives: To assess the causes and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adult asylum seekers and refugees. To explore whether the causes and risk factors of PTSD between male and female adult refugees/asylum seekers are different. Study design: Systematic review of current literature. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar up until February 2019. Method: A structured, systematic search was conducted of the relevant databases. Papers were excluded if they failed to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Afterwards, a qualitative assessment was performed on the selected papers. Results: 12 Studies were included for the final analysis. All papers were either case studies/reports or cross-sectional studies. Traumatic events experienced by refugees/asylum seekers are the most frequently reported pre-migration causes of PTSD development, while acculturative stress is the most common post-migration stressor. There were mixed reports regarding the causes of PTSD between both genders of refugees/asylum seekers. Conclusions: This review’s findings have potential clinical application in terms of helping clinicians to risk stratify refugees/asylum seekers for PTSD development and thus aid in embarking on earlier intervention measures. However, more rigorous research similar to this study is needed for it to be implemented into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Preliminary Examination of the Biological and Industry Constraints on the Structure and Pattern of Thoroughbred Racing in New Zealand over Thirteen Seasons: 2005/06–2017/18

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Kylie A. Legg ◽  
Erica K. Gee ◽  
Darryl J. Cochrane ◽  
Chris W. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Thoroughbred Racing ◽  
Key Industry

This study aimed to examine thirteen seasons of flat racing starts (n = 388,964) in the context of an ecological system and identify metrics that describe the inherent characteristics and constraints of the New Zealand Thoroughbred racing industry. During the thirteen years examined, there was a 2–3% per year reduction in the number of races, starts and number of horses. There was a significant shift in the racing population with a greater number of fillies (aged 2–4 years) having a race start, and subsequent longer racing careers due to the inclusion of one more racing preparation post 2008 (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was an increasingly ageing population of racehorses. These changes resulted in more race starts in a career, but possibly because of biological constraints, there was no change in the number of race starts per season, starts per preparation, or days spelling between preparations (p < 0.05). There was no change in the proportion of horses having just one race start (14% of new entrants), indicating that the screening for suitability for a racing career remained consistent. These data identify key industry parameters which provide a basis for future modelling of intervention strategies to improve economic performance and reduce horse injury. Consideration of the racing industry as a bio-economic or ecological model provides framework to test how the industry may respond to intervention strategies and signal where changes in system dynamics may alter existing risk factors for injury.

When Visa-free Travel Becomes Difficult to Achieve and Easy to Lose: The EU Visa Free Dialogues after the EU’s Experience with the Western Balkans

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Trauner ◽  
Emanuele Manigrassi
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Balkan States ◽  
The Eu

Abstract In the wake of the visa liberalisation for Western Balkan states, the sudden increase of Balkan asylum seekers has become a salient issue in the eu. This article elaborates on how this issue has made the eu alter its instruments of visa-free travel. With regard to the pre-visa liberalisation phase, the eu now places more emphasis on issues relating to the fundamental rights and social inclusion of marginalised groups, in particular Roma. Also, the ongoing Visa Free Dialogues with countries such as Ukraine and Russia have become more political and include more instances of decision-making where member states can slow down the process. The most significant modification to the EU’s approach is probably the fact that the eu has developed a structured post-visa liberalisation phase. With its post-visa liberalisation monitoring and the visa safeguard clause, the EU has established new (lower level) instruments to keep track of and push for further reforms post-visa liberalisation. The incentive of visa-free travel has turned into a moving target not only used as a source of external eu influence on domestic policy-making pre-visa liberalisation but also post-visa liberalisation.

scholarly journals The risk factors for human cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beda J. Mwang'onde ◽  
Gamba Nkwengulila ◽  
Mwita Chacha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Improper Use

The objective of this study was to explore the reasons for the persistence of human cysticercosis (HCC) transmission in Mbulu District, northern Tanzania. The study was carried out in 25 villages, whereby five major risks were identified. The risks were indiscriminate defaecation and improper use of toilets; a free-range system of keeping pigs; indiscriminate or unregulated slaughtering and inadequate meat hygiene and inspection; consumption of undercooked and porcine cysticerci infected pork; and social structure and roles. All of the identified risks were backed up by the immanent lifestyles of the community involved. These findings are important for the development of intervention strategies in the study area.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence against young women: prevalence and associated factors in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Sanz-Barbero ◽  
Patricia López Pereira ◽  
Gregorio Barrio ◽  
Carmen Vives-Cases
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
European Union ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The European Union

BackgroundThe magnitude of intimate partner violence (IPV) in young women is a source of increasing concern. The prevalence of IPV has not been analysed in Europe as a whole. The objective was to assess the prevalence and main characteristics of experiencing physical and/or sexual and psychological-only IPV among young women in the European Union and to identify individual and contextual associated risk factors.MethodsWe analysed a cross-sectional subsample of 5976 ever-partnered women aged 18–29 years from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Violence Against Women Survey, 2012. The main outcomes were current physical and/or sexual IPV and lifetime psychological-only IPV. Risk factors were assessed by the prevalence ratio (PR) from multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsCurrent prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV was 6.1%, lifetime prevalence of psychological-only IPV was 28.7%. Having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse by an adult before age 15 was the strongest risk factor for IPV (PR: 2.9 for physical and/or sexual IPV, PR: 1.5 for psychological-only IPV). Other individual risk factors were: perceived major difficulties in living within their household income (PR: 2.6), having children (PR: 1.8) and age 18–24 years (PR: 1.5) for physical/sexual IPV and immigration background for psychological-only IPV (PR: 1.4). Living in countries with a higher prevalence of binge drinking or early school dropout was positively associated with IPV.ConclusionsFindings show that the fight against violence in young women should consider individual characteristics, childhood experiences of abuse and also structural interventions including reduction of alcohol consumption and improvement in the education-related indicators.

Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengxuan Qiu ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Dementia Syndrome

This chapter provides a brief overview concerning the global epidemic, risk and protective factors, and possible intervention strategies of Alzheimer’s disease, the most common type of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease, which is projected to reach global epidemic level in three to four decades, already has a huge economic and societal impact. Epidemiologic research has provided sufficient evidence supporting that lifestyle or cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older adults play a critical role in the onset and progression of late-life dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, whereas active engagement in mental, social, and physical activities may postpone the onset of the dementing disorders. The community intervention studies are warranted to determine to what extent intervention strategies towards control of major lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors and related vascular disorders as well as maintenance of an active lifestyle may help delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia syndrome.

Suicide

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey Freedenthal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Suicide Assessment ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Intervention ◽  
The World ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

Every year, more people in the world die from suicide than from homicide and wars combined. Efforts to reduce suicide have made several advances. Research has identified numerous suicide risk factors, and, though small in number, effective prevention and intervention strategies have been identified. Social workers are likely to encounter suicidal clients in their work, requiring suicide assessment and intervention skills.

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