EXTRACTION OF GUM FROM ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS: PHYSICOCHEMICAL PECULIARITY AND ANTIOXIDANT PREPATENT

Objective: This study is aimed to extract gum from Abelmoschus esculentus using ultrasonic assisted method and exploring physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant potential of gum for food and pharmaceuticals.Materials and Methods: The extraction of gum from okra was done employing ultrasound-assisted method to improvise the yield. The extracted gum was further characterized for physical properties including swelling index, solubility, water sorption time, packing and flow properties, electrical properties, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and antioxidant activity.Results: The extraction yield of okra fruit gum (OFG) was found to be 31.52%±0.22% (n=3). The OFG powder obtained after lyophilization showed good flow properties as determined from the results of angle of repose (34.21°), Hausner ratio (1.14), and % compressibility (12.5%). An increase in solubility and swelling index of OFG with increase in pH of buffer from 2.0 to 7.4 was observed. The freeze dried OFG possess rough surface and zeta potential of −9.85 mV. Application of derivatized/interacted OFG gum for modification of drug release profiles is concluded from high degree of esterification of 7.8.Conclusion: The result suggest that the antioxidant activity of OFG was higher compared to corn flour gum. Thus, OFG could be utilized as natural antioxidant food ingredients and also for application in medicine and health-care products.

Download Full-text

Drug Technology in Hunting Practice

European Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.2478/afpuc-2021-0004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 63-65

Author(s):

S. Laca Megyesi ◽

A. Königová ◽

L. Molnár ◽

M. Várady ◽

M. Fedorová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Particle Shape ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Hausner Ratio ◽

Compressibility Index ◽

Drug Technology ◽

The Right ◽

Shape And Size

Abstract Antiparasitic therapy in living ratites is based on the right dose and efficacy is only when the drug is pharmaceutically stable and safe. Ivermectin is considered to be the most widely used drug in the treatment of parasitosis in ruminants worlwide. For these reasons, in our study, we focused on the pharmaceutical investigation of ivermectin by SEM analysis of its powder particle shape and size, flow properties of solids (angle of repose, compressibility index, Hausner ratio) and zeta potential.

Download Full-text

FORMULATION OF EFFERVESCENT GRANULES FROM RED GINGER (ZINGIBERIS OFFICINALE ROSCOE VAR. RUBRUM) EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2022v14i1.43377 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 112-115

Author(s):

DIAH LIA AULIFA ◽

DIKI PRAYUGO WIBOWO ◽

NENI SAFITRI ◽

ARIF BUDIMAN

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Wet Granulation ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Organoleptic Evaluation ◽

Hausner Ratio ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Red Ginger

Objective: Ginger is one of the Indonesian plants that has been used as traditional medicine. The flavonoids and phenols compounds contained high antioxidant activity. This study aimed to formulate effervescent granules (EG) from red ginger (RG) extract and evaluate its antioxidant activity. Methods: The formulation of EG from RG extract was prepared by the wet granulation method using different concentrations of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Furthermore, the flowability of granules was evaluated, including flow rate, angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, Hausner ratio, and effervescent time. The physical stability of granules such as organoleptic evaluation, effervescent time, and pH measurement was also evaluated after 28 d of storage, and the antioxidant activity of EG from RG extract was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results: The result showed that the EG of RG extract was successfully prepared by wet granulation with a concentration of 15%. In addition, the flowability study showed that all formulas of EG from RG extract have good flow properties, and the granules showed excellent flow properties based on Carr′s index results. The effervescent time of granules remained within the acceptable range according to USP, and the physical stability did not change even after 28 d of storage. The IC50 of EG from RG extract was 283.28±3.6 ppm and has moderate in free radicals scavenging activity. Conclusion: EG from RG extract can be used as food supplements to protect the human body from free radicals and inhibit oxidases.

Download Full-text

New Freeze-Dried Andean Blueberry Juice Powders for Potential Application as Functional Food Ingredients: Effect of Maltodextrin on Bioactive and Morphological Features

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25235635 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (23) ◽

pp. 5635

Author(s):

Mauren Estupiñan-Amaya ◽

Carlos Alberto Fuenmayor ◽

Alex López-Córdoba

Keyword(s):

Water Activity ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Food Ingredients ◽

Blueberry Juice ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Dpph Scavenging

Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) fruits are an underutilized source of anthocyanins and other valuable bioactive phytochemicals. The purpose of this work was to obtain Andean blueberry juice powders via freeze-drying processing and evaluate the effect of maltodextrin as a drying aid on their physicochemical, technological, microstructural, and bioactive characteristics. Andean blueberry juices were mixed with variable proportions of maltodextrin (20–50%); freeze-dried; and characterized in terms of their tristimulus color, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), moisture content, water activity, morphology, water solubility, flow properties, total polyphenols and anthocyanins content, and DPPH•-scavenging capacity. The powders obtained presented suitable characteristics in terms of their water activity (<0.5), solubility (>90%), and bioactive compound recovery (>70% for total phenolics, and >60% for total monomeric anthocyanins), with antioxidant activities up to 4 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g of dry matter. Although an increased content of maltodextrin resulted in lower concentrations of phytochemicals, as expected, it also favored an increased % recovery (over 90% of total phenolics at the highest maltodextrin proportion) and improved their flow properties. Freeze-dried juice powders are a potential alternative for the stabilization and value addition of this fruit as a new source of functionality for processed foods.

Download Full-text

Formulation and evaluation of orodispersible tablets of dimenhydrinate by using co-processed superdisintegrants

Kathmandu University Journal of Science Engineering and Technology ◽

10.3126/kuset.v12i1.21562 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

A. Ankit ◽

G.B. Kiran Kumar ◽

B.K. Madhu

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Disintegration Time ◽

Powder Mixtures ◽

Orodispersible Tablets ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Wetting Time ◽

High Degree

The main objective of this study was to formulate orodispersible tablets of Dimenhydrinate for quick relief of emesis. Orodispersible tablets were prepared by direct compression method using co-processed super-disintegrants. Co-processed super-disintegrants are the mixture of crospovidone and guar gum in different ratios. The powder mixtures and tablets were subjected to various pre-compression and post-compression evaluations. IR spectroscopy showed no interaction between drug and other excipients. Angle of repose and Carr’s index was found in the range of 23.89°-28.27° and 23.29-15.48 respectively. These results indicated that powder mixtures showed good to acceptable flow properties. All formulations containing co-processed super-disintegrant showed short disintegration time (38.23-17.67 s) and maximum water absorption ratio 73.39%-91.35% compared to control formulation (3.54 min wetting time). Among all formulation F7 containing crospovidone: guar gum in 1:3 ratio showed highest percentage of drug release (98.89%) in 30 min, which is due to high degree of swelling caused by guar gum along with rapid hydration of tablets by crospovidone. Formulation F7 was subjected for 3 months of stability studies; results reviled that the tablet formulation was stable throughout the study period. In conclusion the obtained results suggested that orodispersible tablets of Dimenhydrinate with rapid disintegration and fast drug release can be successfully formulated by employing co-processed super-disintegrants. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 12, No. I, June, 2016 Page: 23-33

Download Full-text

Physical-chemical properties and microstructural characterization of traditional mexican chili (Capsicum annuum L.) powders

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v14i9.2145 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María de J. Perea-Flores ◽

Miriam F. Fabela-Morón ◽

Adolfo A. Rayas-Amor ◽

Rigoberto V. Pérez-Ruíz ◽

Rafael Ruíz-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Hausner Ratio

Objective: Evaluate the physical-chemical properties and characterize the microstructure of four varieties of traditional Mexican chili (Capsicum annuum L.) powders: “Arbol”, “Guajillo”, “Piquin” and “Mole ranchero” (Ancho chili). Design/methodology/approach: Physical-chemical properties of chili powders were evaluated by means of moisture content, particle size, aerated and tapped bulk density, Carr index, Hausner ratio, angle of repose (flow properties), capsaicin, and carotenoids content. Microstructure of samples was characterized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. ANOVA analysis and Tukey test were performed to evaluate the significant statistical difference between samples at 95% of confidence level. Results: “Arbol”, “Guajillo”, “Piquin” and “Mole Ranchero” chili powders presented a cohesive behavior respect to its flow properties related to aerated and tapped bulk density, angle of repose, Carr Index, and Hausner ratio values under moisture content between 6.59-14.48 gH2O/100g d.s. “Arbol” and “Piquin” chili powders presented the higher capsaicin content, while “Guajillo” and “Mole ranchero” showed the higher carotenoids content. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of secondary amide, phenolic groups, alkanes, and aliphatic chains that belong to capsaicin structure at specific absorption bands. Microstructure of chili powders presented particles with surface imperfections as cracks and dents, and smooth surface that influence physical-chemical and flowability properties. Limitations on study/implications: Hight moisture content affect the physical-chemical properties, flowability and microstructure of traditional Mexican chili powders. Findings/conclusions: Moisture content between 6.59 and 14.48 gH2O/100g d.s. influences the physical-chemical properties, flowability and microstructure of traditional Mexican chili powders. To improve physical-chemical properties and flowability behavior of chili powders is required that moisture content be lower than 6.59 H2O/100g d.s.

Download Full-text

Formulation of non-effervescent floating matrix tablets of metronidazole using Abelmoschus esculentus gum as binder and 2-camphanone as sublimating agent.

Journal of Phytomedicine and Therapeutics ◽

10.4314/jopat.v19i1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 387-397

Author(s):

Airemwen Collins Ovenseri ◽

Uwumagbe Michael Uhumwangho ◽

Aiwaguore Johnbull Obarisiagbon ◽

Chioma Promise Umechukwu

Keyword(s):

Patient Adherence ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Lag Time ◽

Matrix Tablets ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽

Fickian Diffusion ◽

Simulated Gastric Fluid ◽

Compatibility Study

The aim of this study was to formulate non-effervescent floating drug delivery system of metronidazole tablets using Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) (AE) gum as a binder and 2-camphanone (camphor®) as the sublimating agent. Granules were prepared by wet granulation technique using varying concentrations of AE gum (2, 4, 6 and 8% w/w) admixed with 1%w/w acrylate methacrylate copolymer. A 30 %w/w of 2-camphanone was used as the sublimating agent. The granules were characterized for micromeritic properties. And thereafter, compressed at a compression pressure of 25 N/m2 using a Manesty single punch tableting machine. The metronidazole tablet was then sintered at 70oC for 12 h. Drug-excipient compatibility study was done using Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Tablets were evaluated for floating lag time, in-vitro buoyancy and release kinetics. FTIR studies showed that the excipients and the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) i.e. metronidazole, were compatible. All the granules were free flowing, with Carr’s index ≤ 15 %, Hausner ratio ≤ 1.18 and angle of repose of ≤ 33.5o. The tablets had hardness and friability values of 5.0-9.5 N and 0.4-0.8% respectively. The floating lag time was 0 s showing that the tablets floated immediately after immersion in the simulated gastric fluid. The maximum % release (m∞) and time to achieve it (t∞) were ≥ 88 % and ≥ 10 h, respectively. Release exponent (n) for all the formulations had values >0.45, hence their release was by non-Fickian diffusion. Non-effervescent floating matrix tablets of metronidazole were formulated using AE gum as the binder and 2-camphanone as the sublimating agent. The formulated floating tablets had increased in-vitro retention time, which indicated potential for sustained release of the drug. If well developed, this may help reduce the oral dosing frequency and encourage patient adherence to the drug therapy. Keywords: Non-effervescent, Abelmoschus esculentus, 2-camphanone, floating

Download Full-text

Repurposing Butenafine as An Oral Nanomedicine for Visceral Leishmaniasis

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11070353 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 353 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adriana Bezerra-Souza ◽

Raquel Fernandez-Garcia ◽

Gabriela F. Rodrigues ◽

Francisco Bolas-Fernandez ◽

Marcia Dalastra Laurenti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Stability ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Long Duration ◽

Effective Drugs ◽

Spray Dried

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting more than 12 million people worldwide, which in its visceral clinical form (VL) is characterised by the accumulation of parasites in the liver and spleen, and can lead to death if not treated. Available treatments are not well tolerated due to severe adverse effects, need for parenteral administration and patient hospitalisation, and long duration of expensive treatments. These treatment realities justify the search for new effective drugs, repurposing existing licensed drugs towards safer and non-invasive cost-effective medicines for VL. In this work, we provide proof of concept studies of butenafine and butenafine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (B-SNEDDS) against Leishmania infantum. Liquid B-SNEDDS were optimised using design of experiments, and then were spray-dried onto porous colloidal silica carriers to produce solid-B-SNEDDS with enhanced flow properties and drug stability. Optimal liquid B-SNEDDS consisted of Butenafine:Capryol 90:Peceol:Labrasol (3:49.5:24.2:23.3 w/w), which were then sprayed-dried with Aerosil 200 with a final 1:2 (Aerosil:liquid B-SNEDDS w/w) ratio. Spray-dried particles exhibited near-maximal drug loading, while maintaining excellent powder flow properties (angle of repose <10°) and sustained release in acidic gastrointestinal media. Solid-B-SNEDDS demonstrated greater selectivity index against promastigotes and L. infantum-infected amastigotes than butenafine alone. Developed oral solid nanomedicines enable the non-invasive and safe administration of butenafine as a cost-effective and readily scalable repurposed medicine for VL.

Download Full-text

Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Application of SiO2@TiO2 Core-Shell Nanocomposite Particles

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2019/6368789 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Newaz Mohammed Bahadur ◽

Farhana Chowdhury ◽

Md. Obaidullah ◽

Md. Shahadat Hossain ◽

Rumana Rashid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Metal Oxide ◽

Uv Light ◽

Water Solution ◽

Ultrasound Irradiation ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Core Shell ◽

Nanocomposite Particles ◽

Ultrasonic Assisted ◽

Shell Particles

In this study, we report the synthesis of SiO2@TiO2 core-shell nanocomposite particles by ultrasound irradiation of a mixture of dispersed SiO2 nanoparticles, titanium-tetra-n-butoxide (TBOT), and ammonia in an ethanol-water solution medium. The resulting core-shell nanocomposite particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, XRF, zeta potential measurements, XRD, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Results showed that TiO2 nanoparticles coated on the surface of SiO2 were 6–10 nm in size and retained an anatase crystalline phase. Zeta potential measurements confirmed that the surface property of the SiO2 changed after TiO2 coating. SiO2@TiO2 core-shell particles demonstrated better decolorization of methylene blue dye compared to commercial TiO2 in aqueous solution under UV light. After treatment, the catalysts were separated with low-speed centrifugation and successfully reused four times without loss of activity. This study may provide some inspiration for the synthesis of other metal oxide-metal oxide core-shell nanocomposite materials through ultrasound irradiation.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Analysis of the Flow Properties between Two Alumina-Based Dry Powders

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2013/519846 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Milene Minniti de Campos ◽

Maria do Carmo Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Internal Friction ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Ceramic Powder ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

Wall Friction ◽

Flow Index ◽

Alumina Powder ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Angle Of Internal Friction

We measured and compared the flow properties of two alumina-based powders. The alumina powder (AP) is irregularly shaped and has a smooth surface and moisture content of 0.16% (d.b.), and the ceramic powder (CP), obtained after atomization in a spray dryer, is spherical and has a rough surface and moisture content of 1.07%. We measured the Hausner ratio (HR), the static angle of repose (AoR), the flow index (FI), the angle of internal friction, and the wall's friction angle. The properties measured using aerated techniques (AoR and HR) demonstrated that AP presents true cohesiveness (and therefore a difficult flow), while CP presents some cohesiveness and its flow might be classified as half way between difficult and easy flow. Their FI values, which were obtained using a nonaerated technique, enable us to classify the alumina as cohesive and the ceramic powder as an easy-flow powder. The large mean diameter and morphological characteristics of CP reduce interparticle forces and improve flowability, in spite of the higher moisture content of their granules. The angles of internal friction and of wall friction were not significantly different when comparing the two powders.

Download Full-text