scholarly journals IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT ARTEMISIA VULGARIS L. IN MALE RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Marbun ◽  
Edy Suwarso ◽  
Yuandani Yuandani
Keyword(s):  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups

  Objective: This current study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of ethanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris in male rats.Methods: Immunomodulatory activity was determined by measuring the carbon elimination rate, the total number of leukocytes and differential, as well as antibody titer. The treatment groups were divided into six groups, each group consisting of five male rats. The extract at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bw was administered orally for 7 days. The carbon elimination was measured using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.Results: The ethanol extract of A. vulgaris at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight increased the carbon elimination and increased the number of total leukocytes and differential leukocytes, especially neutrophils and neutrophils rod segments as compared to the negative control group (CMC-Na 0.5%) (p<0.05).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of A. vulgaris possesses immunomodulatory effect.

scholarly journals Analgesic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Temu Giring Rhizome (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Marianne ◽  
Khairunnisa ◽  
Wilda
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Thermal Induction

Temu giring (Curcuma heyneana Val & Zijp) is a traditional medicinal plant that is believed in community as an analgesic. The objective of this research was to determine the analgesic activity of the C. heyneana rhizome by using infra red (IR) thermal induction method in mice. Mice were divided into 7 groups. Group 1 served as negative control, group 2,3,4,5 served as treatment groups which is  given ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at  dose of 5, 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg respectively, group 6 and 7 served as  comparable groups, given antalgin 65 mg/kg and morphine sulphate 1.3 mg/kg respectively. The observation have been done, included to pain resistance of mice which exposed by infra red (IR) every 10 minutes for 80 minutes. The data were analyzed by ANOVA at the significance level of 95%. Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the doses of 25, 125, and 625 mg/kg had significant effect to reduce the pain compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome at dose of 125 mg/kg, had the same effect to antalgin 65 mg/kg  (p≥0.05), while the ethanolic extract of C. heyneana at the dose of 625 mg/kg had the same effect as morphine sulfate 1.3 mg/kg (p≥0.05). It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of C. heyneana rhizome has analgesic activity.   Keywords: temu giring, analgesic, Curcuma heyneana, rhizome

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTI-INFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL TEPUNG PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnanta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devy Angreani M ◽  
Meiske Sangi ◽  
Feti Fatimah
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Tepung pelepah aren secara tradisional digunakan sebagai obat untuk menghilangkan rasa gatal dan luka bakar pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas anti-inflamasi ekstrak etanol tepung pelepah aren (Arenga pinnanta) menggunakan metode induksi karagenan. Ekstrak etanol tepung pelepah aren yang digunakan didapatkan dari hasil maserasi tepung pelepah aren menggunakan etanol hasil redestilasi cap tikus. Metode pengujian aktivitas anti-inflamasi menggunakan 15 ekor tikus putih jantan galur wistar dengan berat 150-200 gram yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, Kelompok Kontrol negative, Kontrol Positif dan kelompok dosis ekstrak etanol 20%, 25% dan 30%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kelompok ekstrak etanol tepung pelepah aren dosis 30% memiliki kemampuan inhibisi udem yang sama dengan kontrol positif (Na Diklofenak) dan memiliki kemampuan inhibisi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dosis 20% dan 25%.ABSTRACTPalm stem flour is traditionally used as a remedy for the relief of itching and burns on the skin. This research aims to test the anti-inflammatory activity of palm-flour (Arenga pinnanta) ethanol extract using Caragenan induction method. Palm-dried stem flour extract used from the maceration of palm flour, using ethanol redestilation of rat seals. The method of testing anti-inflammatory activity using 15 male white rats with Wistar strain with a weight of 150-200 grams divided into 5 treatment groups, negative control group, positive control and group dose of ethanol extract 20%, 25% and 30%. The results of this study showed that the group of dried palm flour extract dose 30% have the same inhibition capability with positive control (Na Diklofenak) and have greater inhibition capability compared to the dose 20% and 25%.

scholarly journals UJI ANTI INFLAMASI SECARA TOPIKAL EKSTRAK ETANOL UMBI SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Muhammad Islamoyo ◽  
Yufri Aldi ◽  
Surya Nelis
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Edema Fluid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Inflammation  is a tissue response  towards  damaging  physical  or chemical  stimulations.  One local sign of inflammation  is  edema  (tumor).  Usage  of  natural  herbal  medicine  has  become  an  alternative  way  to  prevent inflammation.  The extract of umbi sarang semut (Myrmecodia  tuberosa Jack) has anti-inflammation,  anti-bacterial and  antioxidant  properties.  This  study  is  to  determine  the  anti-inflammation  effect  of  the  topical  application  of Myrmecodia  tuberosa Jack ethanol extract. This study used 28 white male rats previously  induced with carragenin 2%  b/v  0,5ml  and  divided  into  4  treatment  groups.  Groups  1,2  dan  3  were  given  the  ethanol  extract  with  a concentration  of 0,5 %; 1%; 2% respectively  after induction and on 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first application. Group 4 was the untreated control group. Each treatment group were extracted for their inflammation  exudate fluid from their backs using a 1 ml syringe. Edema fluid volume was measured. The results showed a decrease of edema fluid volume on all treatment groups.   Statistical data analysis showed a significant difference between group 2 and the negative  control;  also between  group  3 and the negative  control.  In conclusion,  the topical  ethanol  extract  of Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack can reduce inflammation reactions. Keywords: Myrmecodia  tuberosa  Jack, anti-inflammation,  topical, edema fluid volume

scholarly journals The Larvacidal Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Phyllanthus acidus Leaves on The Culex quinquefasciatus Instar III/IV Larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Afifatun Hasanah ◽  
Bagus Hermansyah ◽  
Cholis Abrori
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Phyllanthus Acidus ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Culex quinquefasciatus was one of a vector of filariasis disease caused by filarial worm infection. Mode of transmission was through mosquito bites that contain filaria worm. To overcome the problem in terms of eradicating the mosquito larvae was by searching for safe biological materials for humans and the environment, one of them was Phyllanthus acidus leaves. The purposes of this research were to know whether the ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus leaves have larvicidal activity on Culex quinquefasciatus instar III / IV larvae and to know the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus leaves on Culex quinquefasciatus instar III / IV larvae within 24 hours. This study used true experimental method with post test only controlled group design with 1 positive control group (Temephos), 1 negative control group (Aquades and DMSO), and 5 treatment groups (0.0625%; 0.125%; 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% extract) respectively 20 Culex quinquefasciatus instar III/IV larvae. The result of regression test of inverse to know the effect of leaf extract of ceremai to the death of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae obtained R2=0909 which was mean the effect of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus leaves to the number of the death of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae equal to 90.9%. The result of probit test obtained LC50 result of 0.189% with 95% confidence interval (0.142% -0.233%).

scholarly journals NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT ROOT OF COGON GRASS (IMPERATA CYLINDRICA L. (BEAUV.)) ON CREATININE, UREA LEVELS, AND HEMATOLOGY PROFILE AGAINST GENTAMYCIN-INDUCED RENAL TOXICITY IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Aninditha Rachmah Ramadhiani ◽  
Urip Harahap ◽  
Aminah Dalmunthe
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity

 Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract root of cogon grass on parameter creatinine, urea levels, and hematology profile in rats induced by gentamicin.Methods: Thirty rats were divided into 6 groups of normal group (without treatment), groups of treatment only fed and watered, given carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 0.5%, ethanol extract of the roots of cogon grass with each dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Each group was given the test preparation orally for 8 days. After 1 h, 5 groups were induced by gentamicin at a dose 100 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally during 8 days. On the 9th day, blood samples were collected for serum creatinine, urea levels, and hematological parameters; hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell, and packed cell volume.Results: Ethanol extract root of cogon grass doses of 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw, and 400 mg/kg BW significantly decreased serum creatinine and urea levels, significantly increased hematological parameters as compared to negative control group of CMC 0.5% and negative control group not given CMC 0.5% (p<0.05). Ethanol extract root of cogon grass at a dose of 400 mg/kg bw showed there were not differences of creatinine, urea levels, and profile of hematology compared with normal group (p>0.05).Conclusion: The ethanol extract root of cogon grass at a dose of 400 mg/kg bw was effective to ameliorate creatinine, urea levels, and hematological parameters.

scholarly journals UJI ANTI INFLAMASI SECARA TOPIKAL EKSTRAK ETANOL UMBI SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Muhammad Islamoyo1 ◽  
Yufri Aldi ◽  
Surya Nelis
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Edema Fluid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Inflammation  is a tissue response  towards  damaging  physical  or chemical  stimulations.  One local sign of inflammation  is  edema  (tumor).  Usage  of  natural  herbal  medicine  has  become  an  alternative  way  to  prevent inflammation.  The extract of umbi sarang semut (Myrmecodia  tuberosa Jack) has anti-inflammation,  anti-bacterial and  antioxidant  properties.  This  study  is  to  determine  the  anti-inflammation  effect  of  the  topical  application  of Myrmecodia  tuberosa Jack ethanol extract. This study used 28 white male rats previously  induced with carragenin 2%  b/v  0,5ml  and  divided  into  4  treatment  groups.  Groups  1,2  dan  3  were  given  the  ethanol  extract  with  a concentration  of 0,5 %; 1%; 2% respectively  after induction and on 24, 48 and 72 hours after the first application. Group 4 was the untreated control group. Each treatment group were extracted for their inflammation  exudate fluid from their backs using a 1 ml syringe. Edema fluid volume was measured. The results showed a decrease of edema fluid volume on all treatment groups.   Statistical data analysis showed a significant difference between group 2 and the negative  control;  also between  group  3 and the negative  control.  In conclusion,  the topical  ethanol  extract  of Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack can reduce inflammation reactions. Keywords: Myrmecodia  tuberosa  Jack, anti-inflammation,  topical, edema fluid volume

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Repelen Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Mas Arya Shinta
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dengue Virus Infection ◽  
Treatment Groups

AbstractAedes aegypti mosquitoes are vectors of dengue fever caused by dengue virus infection. Marigold flower (Tagetes erecta) is a multipurpose plant, marigold flower has a distinctive smell that is widely used as an insect repellent plant. Marigold flower contains a compound of secondary metabolites that potentially have an effect as a natural insecticide. This study was conducted with a complete random draft by taking five treatments, namely: one negative control group (K-), three treatment groups (p1, P2, P3), and one positive control group (K+). The test results portray the marigold flower ethanol extract has a protection power of 0% on K-; 41.67% on P1; 71.67% on P2; 93.3% on P3; and 100% on K+. Screening phytochemicals against marigold flower ethanol extract identifies positive compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. The protection power result shows that the marigold power ethanol extract 10% concentration lotion has a potential to have activity as repellent against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with protection power above 90%.AbstrakNyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor dari penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus dengue. Bunga marigold (Tagetes erecta) merupakan tanaman yang multiguna, bunga marigold memiliki bau khas yang menyengat sehingga banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman pengusir serangga. Bunga marigold mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi memiliki efek sebagai insektisida alami. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan mengambil lima perlakuan, yaitu satu kelompok kontrol negatif (K-), tiga kelompok perlakuan (P1, P2, P3), dan satu kelompok kontrol positif (K+). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bunga marigold memiliki daya proteksi pada K- sebesar 0%, P1 sebesar 41,67%, P2 sebesar 71,67%, P3 sebesar 93,3%, dan K+ sebesar 100%. Skrining fitokimia terhadap ekstrak etanol bunga marigold mengidentifikasi positif senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Hasil pengujian daya proteksi menunjukkan bahwa lotion ekstrak etanol bunga marigold konsentrasi 10% berpotensi memiliki aktivitas sebagai repellent terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti dengan daya proteksi diatas 90%.

Efek Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah Mencit Jantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Verawaty Verawaty ◽  
Dhea Claudia Novel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan. Hewan percobaan dibagi atas 5 kelompok diantaranya kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif,dosis I (280 mg/kgBB mencit), dosis II (560 mg/kg BB mencit), dosis III (840 mg/kg BB mencit). Penelitian dilakukan selama 21 hari. Persentase penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan setelah diberikan ekstrak etanol kulit petai pada hari ke-21 adalah dosis I (77,52 %) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan dosis II (69,5 %) dan dosis III (73,37 %). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Two Way Anova dengan program SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit petai untuk tiga variasi dosis menyatakan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit jantan.</p><p><em>Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) has a compound β-sitosterol and stigmasterol that have efficacy to decreased blood glucose levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of petai peel for decrease blood glucose levels of male mice induced by alloxan. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups including negative control group, positive control group, the first dose (280 mg/kg in mice), the second dose (560 mg/kg in mice), the third dose (840 mg/kg in mice). The study was conducted for 21 days. After 21 days, the result found that the percentage of blood glucose levels after the male mice given the ethanol extract of petai peel was, the first dose (77.52%) biger than the second dose (69.5%) and the third dose (73.37%). The data obtained were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA using SPSS 17. The results showed that have signicantly difference between three dose variation of ethanol extract of petai peel in blood glucose levels.</em></p>

Effect of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) Extract on Level of Interleukin-8 in Wistar Rats with Aspirin-Induced Gastritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽  
◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sechium Edule

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; (6) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; and (7) 20 mg omeprazole. The rats in positive control and treatment groups were induced with aspirin (200mg/ kg BW). The negative control group received no intervention. The dependent variable was level of IL-8 measured by ELISA. The independent variables were treatment status. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of IL-8 level were not statistically significant between study groups (p= 0.327). Mean of IL-8 level was higher in positive control group (Mean= 160.80; SD= 6.90) than in negative control group (Mean= 141.20; SD= 10.98). The lowest IL-8 level was in 100mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 149.94; SD= 40.4), followed by 200mg/ kg BW (Mean= 152.4; SD= 30.73) and 100mg/ kg BW (Mean= 164.60; SD= 25.04) chayote ethyl acetate fraction groups, 20 mg omeprazole group (Mean= 170.60; SD= 21.58), and 200 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 176.80; SD= 10.98). Conclusion: The low dose (100mg/ kg BW) chayote ethanol extract has the most potential antiinflammation effect on in vitro gastritis with the lowest IL-8 level of all doses of chayote ethanol extract, chayote ethyl acetate fraction, and omeprazole. Keywords: antiinflammation, IL-8, chayote ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, omeprazole, aspirin induced gastritis Correspondence: Hendrika Andriana Silitonga. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281361430688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.35

scholarly journals Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Spons Melophlus sarasinorum Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Sel Makrofag Pada Mencit Jantan Balb/C

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Yusuf ◽  
Fadhliyah Malik ◽  
Adryan Fristiohady Lubis ◽  
Astrid Indalifiany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).  

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