scholarly journals Nosocomial Multi-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Infections - Clinical Findings, Risk Factors and Demographic Characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubina Lone ◽  
Azra Shah ◽  
SM Kadri ◽  
Shabana Lone ◽  
Shah Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant

Recently, Acinetobacter emerged as an important pathogen and the rate of isolation has increased since the last two decades worldwide. Objectives of the present study were to see the incidence of Acinetobacter infection at a tertiary care hospital at Kashmir, India, demographic features of the infections, species identification and antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern of the isolates. The clinical samples submitted to Microbiology laboratory at SKIMS over a period of 2 years (June, 2001 to June, 2003) were investigated. Identification, speciation and antibiotyping were performed for the isolates of Acinetobacter recovered from clinical samples including urine, pus, sputum, blood, CSF and other body fluids. Clinical and demographic characteristics were studied retrospectively. Out of a total of 5352 infected samples, 258 (4.8%) were found to be due to Acinetobacter. The organism was responsible for 76 (39.64%) cases of urinary tract infection and 38 (29.45%) cases of wound infection and was most prevalent in the intensive care unit (29.84%). A. baumannii was the most predominant species. Prolong hospital stay, Mechanical ventilation and Intensive Care Units were found to be potential risk factors. High level of resistance was recorded for Ampicillin (86.3%), Cefazolin (93.2%) Gentamicin (61.5%), Cefotaxime (65.8%), Ceftriaxone (61.5%) and Ciprofloxacin (69.2%). Although no specific pattern during antibiotyping was observed, but most of them were multi-drug resistant. Nosocomial infections by multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter have emerged as an increasing problem especially in the intensive care units of the hospital. The analysis of risk factors and susceptibility pattern will be useful in understanding epidemiology of this organism in a hospital setup. Key words: Acinetobacter, Nosocomial infection, Antibiotyping, Multi-drug resistant   doi: 10.3329/bjmm.v3i1.2969 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2009; 03 (01): 34-38

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND DRUG RESISTANCE IN ACINETOBACTER SP. ISOLATED FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS PATIENTS IN PUNJAB, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Tanvir Kaur ◽  
Chayanika Putatunda ◽  
Aroma Oberoi ◽  
Ashish Vyas ◽  
Gaurav Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Objective: This study was designed to study the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Acinetobacter sp. as isolated from patients lodged in intensive care units (ICUs) of a tertiary care hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.Methods: The clinical samples were simultaneously streaked on Blood agar and MacConkey agar. The identification of the bacterial isolates was carried out with the aid of Gram stain, motility test and along with a combination of other commonly employed biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of all the bacterial isolates was carried out on Muller-Hinton agar through Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Acinetobacter sp. formed a fair allowance contributing at 42% among all ICU culture positive samples. The respiratory tract samples had a major share at 63.15% for all samples attributed to be positive for Acinetobacter sp. nosocomial etiology. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern portrayed that more than 95% of Acinetobacter sp. isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR) whereas >50% Acinetobacter sp. showed extensive drug resistant (XDR). The last resort for such Acinetobacter sp. nosocomial infections is left to colistin and polymyxin B.Conclusion: Acinetobacter sp. is a highly prevalent microorganism among ICU patients of Ludhiana, Punjab, India, while its potential to acquire resistance toward commonly used antibiotics represents it as a grave threat to the health-care industry, therefore signifying the need for its regular monitoring in the health-care setups.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Nosocomial Infection in Internal Surgery and Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Tehran, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Hosseini ◽  
Mohamad Kiarsi ◽  
Reza Golmohammadi ◽  
Reza Sadripour
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern

ABSTRACT: Today, many studies doneregarding the antibiotic resistance showthose patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are more likely to develop drug resistant pathogens.Pathogens are the major cause of nosocomial infections in intensive care units. Knowledge of antibiotic resistance of pathogens in the hospital is very important for treatment. The recent study aims at identifying drug resistant pathogens and antibiotic resistance pattern in the intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in Tehran. In other words, the main purpose of the recent study is understanding the degree to which the resistant bacteria, which cause nosocomial infections is spreading in the ICUs of a tertiary care hospital and to determine the antibiotic- resistance pattern of these bacteria in the ICUs of that hospital. The recent research is a retrospective and cross-sectional study that has been conducted on the files of all patients who were hospitalized in ICUs, internal surgery, and neurosurgery sections of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran in a five-year period (March 2009 to February 2015) and who were diagnosed with nosocomial infection caused by resistant bacteria. According to the results of this research, most of the separated bacteria were: Acinetobacterbaumannii 39.45%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 20.69% and the most common location for infection was respiratory tract (67.11%). Also the most common pathogen was Acinetobacterbaumannii which is resistant to most antibiotics.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovely Barai ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
J Ashraful Haq ◽  
Mohammad Omar Faruq ◽  
ASM Areef Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
One Year

Critically ill patients admitted in intensive care units (ICU) are always at a higher risk of developing infections with various antibiotic resistant organisms. The objective of this study was to know the antibiotic resistance pattern of the common isolates from blood, urine, respiratory secretions and pus/wound swab of patients admitted in ICU at BIRDEM (Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder) hospital, during a one year period from March 2006 to February 2007. A total of 1660 samples were analyzed. Growth was obtained in 34% of the samples yielding 632 organisms. The major organism isolated were Pseudomonas sp. (29.1%), Acinetobacter sp. (27.5%), Candida sp. (12.8%), Escherichia coli (10.3%) and Klebsiella sp. (9.7%). Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp, Enterococcus sp, Providencia sp and Serratia sp accounted for 10.6% of the isolates. All the isolates were highly resistant (>80%) to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. The frequency of third generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli, Klebsiella and imipenem resistant Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were >50%. Acinetobacter was remarkably resistant to most antibiotics including imipenem (>70% resistant), but most of the members of the Enterobacteriacae group showed maximum sensitivity to imipenem (50%-94%). The findings of this study might help clinicians to formulate their first line empirical antibiotic treatment regimens for the patients admitted in ICUs. Key words: Intensive care units; antimicrobial resistance pattern; bacterial profile. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6499Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 66-69

scholarly journals Clinical profile, bacterial profile and outcomes in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in south India: one year study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Sarvepalli ◽  
Prakash Kalakappa Dharana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background: Infections still remain as one of the major cause of mortality in low and lower- middle-income countries as reported by Global Burden of Diseases study. Intensive care units (ICU) are a major source of infections in tertiary care hospitals. Widespread multi-drug resistant gram positive and gram negative bacterial isolates are also associated with infections in ICU. A hospital based epidemiological study was to determine the risk factors; bacterial isolates, antibiotic sensitivity and outcomes in ICU patients.Methods: This prospective study was done at Narayana Medical College and Hospital for 12 months from 1st February 2015 to 31st January 2016. All the risk factors were noted. Patient’s outcome noted as death, recovery and transfer to palliative care. Data entry and analysis performed in Microsoft excel, p valve < 0.001 was considered significant.Results: Three hundred and thirty patients were included in the study (age: 56.16±15 years, 57.6% males). 159 (48.2%) were direct admissions, 103 (31.2%) were transfers from other hospitals. Major cause of admission was neural (29.1%) followed by cardiovascular (21.8%). HTN (52.4%) was major co-morbidity followed by type-2 DM (47.3%). 51.9% culture positivity (n = 539) was observed with sputum 83.6% and blood 24.2%. Gram-negative pathogens were predominant which includes Acinetobacter baumanii (13.8%), Escherichia coli (20%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.1%). Candida Sp and MRSA, VRE were isolated. In the study 255(77.3%) recovered, 38(11.5%) progressed to death and 37(11.2%) transferred to palliative care. Higher mortality was noticed with Acinetobacter baumani (81.6%).Conclusions: High prevalence of gram-negative bacterial infections and multi-drug resistant isolates was noted in Indian ICUs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antibiogram of Acinetobacter Species Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Sanjana Rajkumari ◽  
Shanti Pradhan ◽  
Damodar Sharma ◽  
Brajesh Jha
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Background: Acinetobacter species has emerged as a significant hospital pathogen, and are becoming        increasingly drug resistance. They cause outbreaks in intensive care units and health care units. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp isolated from various clinical samples collected from patients admitted in various wards and intensive care units of the hospital over a period of one year (March 2018 to Feb 2019).   Results: Out of 2,623 samples, 1,201(45.78%) yielded significant growth and out of these positive cultures, 138(11.49%) Acinetobacter spp were isolated. Majority of isolates 24(17.39%) were isolated from General intensive care unit (GICU). Maximum sensitivity of Acinetobacter spp was seen towards polymyxin B 138(100%) and colistin 138(100%), followed by tigecycline 127(92.02%). Hundred and one (80.43%) isolates were found to be multidrug resistant.   Conclusions: Acinetobacter isolates showed multidrug resistant pattern mostly in inpatients. To avoid resistance, antibiotics should be used judiciously. There is also an urgent need for emphasizing the       importance of hand washing and use of disinfectants in prevention of transmission of infection in health care setup. Keywords: Acinetobacter spp; prevalence; antibiotic resistance; intensive care units; multidrug           resistance.  

Community acquired pneumonia-current scenario among immunocompromised patients in a tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 4715
Author(s):  
A. V. Sowmya* ◽  
G. Jayalakshmi ◽  
David Agatha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Polymicrobial Infection ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Etiologic Agents

Pneumonia is a common illness accounting for majority of hospitalizations worldwide with significant mortality and morbidity. Antimicrobial therapy, being the main stay of treatment, the choices of antibiotics depends on the nature of the etiologic agents and the host factors. The current study was aimed to identify the bacterial & fungal etiologic agents of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Immunocompromised (IC) patients, with their antimicrobial resistant pattern and to analyze the associated immunocompromised states. Various respiratory samples from study group of 75 immunocompromised patients with features of pneumonia were collected, processed and the isolates were identified with their antimicrobial susceptibility& resistance pattern according to CLSI guidelines. The results were analyzed statistically. Diabetes mellitus is the most common immunocompromised state (48%) associated with CAP. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infection rates were 80.36% and 19.64% respectively. Gram negative pathogens and fungal pathogens were identified in 60% and 25.37% of culture positive cases respectively. Diabetes mellitus is commonly found in association with polymicrobial infection (19.44%) and fungal infection (16.66%). Drug resistant strains comprise about 75% of MRSA strains, 72.72 % of ESBL producers and 3.44% of Amp C producers. As the number of elderly people with associated IC state is on rise, with change in the pattern of microbial etiologic agents causing CAP, a prior knowledge of the host and microbial factors will help in formulating empirical antimicrobial therapy and proper treatment thereby curbing the spread of infections by drug resistant pathogens and the associated morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Infectious Agents in Lower Respiratory Tract Samples Belonging to Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary-Care Hospital, Located in an Epidemic Area, during the Italian Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Adriana Calderaro ◽  
Mirko Buttrini ◽  
Sara Montecchini ◽  
Giovanna Piccolo ◽  
Monica Martinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was the detection of infectious agents from lower respiratory tract (LRT) samples in order to describe their distribution in patients with severe acute respiratory failure and hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) in an Italian tertiary-care hospital. LRT samples from 154 patients admitted to ICU from 27 February to 10 May 2020 were prospectively examined for respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, bacteria and/or fungi. SARS-CoV-2 was revealed in 90 patients (58.4%, 72 males, mean age 65 years). No significant difference was observed between SARS-CoV-2 positives and SARS-CoV-2 negatives with regard to sex, age and bacterial and/or fungal infections. Nonetheless, fungi were more frequently detected among SARS-CoV-2 positives (44/54, 81.4%, p = 0.0053). Candida albicans was the overall most frequently isolated agent, followed by Enterococcus faecalis among SARS-CoV-2 positives and Staphylococcus aureus among SARS-CoV-2 negatives. Overall mortality rate was 40.4%, accounting for 53 deaths: 37 among SARS-CoV-2 positives (mean age 69 years) and 16 among SARS-CoV-2 negatives (mean age 63 years). This study highlights the different patterns of infectious agents between the two patient categories: fungi were prevalently involved among SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and bacteria among the SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. The different therapies and the length of the ICU stay could have influenced these different patterns of infectious agents.

Etiology and outcomes for patients infected with HIV in intensive care units in a tertiary care hospital in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Xiao ◽  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Yingxiu Huang ◽  
Yunfei Tian ◽  
Wenjing Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital
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