TERATOGENICITY TESTING OF SIDDHA FORMULATION OF NILAVEMBU KUDINEER ON ZEBRAFISH (DANIO RERIO) EMBRYO

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the teratogenic effect of Nilavembu Kudineer (NVK) by testing in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio). Methods: The study consisted of 30 embryos/culture plate/dose concentration containing a series of diluted decoction of NVK ranging from 10 μg to 640 μg/ml, and the embryo development was monitored at specific time points. The parameters such as developmental abnormality and adverse events were monitored at 24 hourly intervals for 96 h. Results: The study results showed 100% hatching and survival of embryos with no significant abnormalities in the extension of study from 96 to 120 h post-fertilization examinations. Conclusion: NVK did not have teratogenic potential on testing it in various concentrations on zebrafish embryos validating its safety during pregnancy.

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Teratogenic potential of traditional Malaysian vegetables (ulam) in the zebrafish model

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-02-2020-0118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 122 (10) ◽

pp. 3089-3098

Author(s):

Alya Hanisah Omar ◽

Chin Siang Kue ◽

Roza Dianita ◽

Ke-Xin Yu

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Negative Control ◽

Teratogenic Effect ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Zebrafish Model ◽

Fish Embryo ◽

Content Type ◽

Cancer Pathways ◽

Teratogenic Potential

PurposeTraditional Malaysian vegetables, also known as ulam, are believed to have healing properties among the local community. Ulam is commonly reported to have high antioxidant content which makes it a popular food. The purpose of this paper is to determine the teratogenic potential of eight ulam, using zebrafish model. The tested ulam were Cosmos caudatus, Gynura procumbens, Labisia pumila var. alata, Phaleria macrocarpa, Polygonum minus, Piper sarmentosum, Premna foetida and Sauropus androgynous.Design/methodology/approachMethanol extract of ulam was prepared using the maceration method. Various concentrations of extracts were tested against fish embryo short-term toxicity test. The lethal concentration (LC50) and teratogenic effect of the ulam were determined.FindingsAmong all tested species, L. pumila, P. foetida and S. androgynous showed 100% lethal effect towards zebrafish embryos at concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 1,000 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL, respectively. The three ulam have exhibited teratogenic effect on zebrafish embryos after 72 h post-fertilization. L. pumila had induced yolk sac edema at 1.0 µg/mL for normalized measurement of 108.3 ± 2.0% (which is higher than negative control, p < 0.05, median = 110.7%), while P. foetida had induced pericardial edema at 100 µg/mL for normalized measurement of 124.0 ± 4.6% (which is higher than negative control, p < 0.05, median = 124.3%). On the other hand, S. androgynus induced curve trunk at 30 µg/mL for the presence of 70.9 ± 4.2%.Originality/valueThe teratogenic effect of L. pumila, P. foetida and S. androgynous suggests the possible disruption in the embryogenesis in zebrafish, namely Notch, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and retinoic acid pathways. The results of ulam gave possible implications and insights on the cancer pathways involved, which could be a useful target for cancer research. This is the first report on teratogenicity evaluation of Malaysian ulam showing relationship to cancer pathways by using zebrafish embryo model.

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LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50% OF PATCHOULI OIL (Pogostemon cablin) TOWARDS ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO (Danio rerio)

Herb-Medicine Journal ◽

10.30595/hmj.v3i2.6360 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Romel Ciptoadi Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Zebrafish Embryo ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Precise Prediction ◽

Loss Of Appetite

Preface :Patchouli Oil requires toxicity testing for safety before we can use it widely. It causes side effects such as nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite in some people. Determination of lethal concentration 50% (LC50) in the early stages of zebrafish embryos development will provide an easier, faster and precise prediction of toxicity. At a certain dose, it can cause impairment and death toward organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine LC50 of Patchouli Oil in carboximethyl cellulose emulsifier towards zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio).Method :Laboratory experimental study was using zebrafish embryos at 2 hours post fertilization. The total of 160 embryos were used and divided into 8 groups, i.e.; Negative control (KN) was given the embryonic fluid, positive control 1 was given 5000 ppm of patchouli oil (KP1), positive control was given 5000 ppm of CMC (KP2), and 5 treatment groups, i.e.; concentration of 10 ppm (P1), 30 ppm (P2), 60 ppm (P3), 90 ppm (P4) and 120 ppm (P5) of Patchouli oil which was emulsified in CMC. The study was conducted with 3 times repetition. Data collection was done by calculating total of embryo’s deaths for each treatment at 24-72 hours of exposure. Data were analyzed using Regression Probit Analysis.Results :Mortality in the group of KN was 1.6%, KP1 was 98.3% and KP2 was 0%. Meanwhile in the treatment group of P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 respectively were 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%.Conclusion :Based on these results, Lethal Concentration 50% of Patchouli Oil in CMC emulsifier towards zebrafish embryo is 120 ppm.

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Adherence to Ketogenic and Mediterranean Study Diets in a Crossover Trial: The Keto–Med Randomized Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 967

Author(s):

Matthew J. Landry ◽

Anthony Crimarco ◽

Dalia Perelman ◽

Lindsay R. Durand ◽

Christina Petlura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Detailed Examination ◽

Diet Patterns ◽

Time Points ◽

Study Results ◽

Wide Range ◽

Diet Pattern

Adherence is a critical factor to consider when interpreting study results from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing one diet to another, but it is frequently not reported by researchers. The purpose of this secondary analysis of the Keto–Med randomized trial was to provide a detailed examination and comparison of the adherence to the two study diets (Well Formulated Ketogenic Diet (WFKD) and Mediterranean Plus (Med-Plus)) under the two conditions: all food being provided (delivered) and all food being obtained by individual participants (self-provided). Diet was assessed at six time points including baseline (x1), week 4 of each phase when participants were receiving food deliveries (x2), week 12 of each phase when participants were preparing and providing food on their own (x2), and 12 weeks after participants completed both diet phases and were free to choose their own diet pattern (x1). The adherence scores for WFKD and Med-Plus were developed specifically for this study. Average adherence to the two diet patterns was very similar during both on-study time points of the intervention. Throughout the study, a wide range of adherence was observed among participants—for both diet types and during both the delivery phase and self-provided phase. Insight from this assessment of adherence may aid other researchers when answering the important question of how to improve behavioral adherence during dietary trials. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT03810378.

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Genotoxic and teratogenic effect of freshwater sediment samples from the Rhine and Elbe River (Germany) in zebrafish embryo using a multi-endpoint testing strategy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-014-3894-4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (21) ◽

pp. 16341-16357 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Garcia-Käufer ◽

S. Gartiser ◽

C. Hafner ◽

S. Schiwy ◽

S. Keiter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zebrafish Embryo ◽

Teratogenic Effect ◽

Freshwater Sediment ◽

Testing Strategy ◽

Elbe River ◽

Sediment Samples

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Cytochrome P450-dependent biotransformation capacities in embryonic, juvenile and adult stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)—a state-of-the-art review

Archives of Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00204-021-03071-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ann-Kathrin Loerracher ◽

Thomas Braunbeck

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Phase I ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Cyp Isoforms

AbstractGiven the strong trend to implement zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos as translational model not only in ecotoxicological, but also toxicological testing strategies, there is an increasing need for a better understanding of their capacity for xenobiotic biotransformation. With respect to the extrapolation of toxicological data from zebrafish embryos to other life stages or even other organisms, qualitative and quantitative differences in biotransformation pathways, above all in cytochrome P450-dependent (CYP) phase I biotransformation, may lead to over- or underestimation of the hazard and risk certain xenobiotic compounds may pose to later developmental stages or other species. This review provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of the scientific knowledge on the development of the CYP1-4 families and corresponding phase I biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in zebrafish. A total of 68 publications dealing with spatiotemporal CYP mRNA expression patterns, activities towards mammalian CYP-probe substrates, bioactivation and detoxification activities, as well as metabolite profiling were analyzed and included in this review. The main results allow for the following conclusions: (1) Extensive work has been done to document mRNA expression of CYP isoforms from earliest embryonic stages of zebrafish, but juvenile and adult zebrafish have been largely neglected so far. (2) There is insufficient understanding of how sex- and developmental stage-related differences in expression levels of certain CYP isoforms may impact biotransformation and bioactivation capacities in the respective sexes and in different developmental stages of zebrafish. (3) Albeit qualitatively often identical, many studies revealed quantitative differences in metabolic activities of zebrafish embryos and later developmental stages. However, the actual relevance of age-related differences on the outcome of toxicological studies still needs to be clarified. (4) With respect to current remaining gaps, there is still an urgent need for further studies systematically assessing metabolic profiles and capacities of CYP isoforms in zebrafish. Given the increasing importance of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concepts, an improved understanding of CYP capacities appears essential for the interpretation and outcome of (eco)toxicological studies.

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Nodal induces ectopic goosecoid and lim1 expression and axis duplication in zebrafish

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.121.2.383 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 121 (2) ◽

pp. 383-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. Toyama ◽

M.L. O'Connell ◽

C.V. Wright ◽

M.R. Kuehn ◽

I.B. Dawid

Keyword(s):

Pattern Formation ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Mouse Embryos ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Dorsal Axis ◽

Vertebrate Embryo ◽

Mesoderm Formation ◽

Intercellular Signalling

One of the first intercellular signalling events in the vertebrate embryo leads to mesoderm formation and axis determination. In the mouse, a gene encoding a new member of the TGF-beta superfamily, nodal, is disrupted in a mutant deficient in mesoderm formation (Zhou et al., 1993, Nature 361, 543). nodal mRNA is found in prestreak mouse embryos, consistent with a role in the development of the dorsal axis. To examine the biological activities of nodal, we have studied the action of this factor in eliciting axis determination in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Injection of nodal mRNA into zebrafish embryos caused the formation of ectopic axes that included notochord and somites. Axis duplication was preceded by the generation of an apparent ectopic shield (organizer equivalent) in nodal-injected embryos, as indicated by the appearance of a region over-expressing gsc and lim1; isolation and expression in the shield of the lim1 gene is reported here. These results suggest a role for a nodal-like factor in pattern formation in zebrafish.

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The Relationship between Dissolution Behavior and the Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Zebrafish Embryos in Different Ionic Environments

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano8090652 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 652 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wang Lee ◽

Eungwang Kim ◽

Hyun-Ju Cho ◽

Taejoon Kang ◽

Bongsoo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Zebrafish Embryo ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Dissolution Behavior ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Negative Effects ◽

The Relationship ◽

Water Filters

A silver nanoparticle is one of the representative engineered nanomaterials with excellent optical, electrical, antibacterial properties. Silver nanoparticles are being increasingly used for medical products, water filters, and cosmetics, etc. However, silver nanoparticles are known to cause adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. To utilize silver nanoparticles with minimized negative effects, it is important to understand the behavior of silver nanoparticles released to the environment. In this study, we compared toxicity behaviors of citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol coated silver nanoparticles in two different ionic environments, which are aquatic environments for developing zebrafish embryo. Depending on the composition of the ionic environment, citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol coated silver nanoparticles exhibited different behaviors in dissolution, aggregation, or precipitation, which governed the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on zebrafish embryos.

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Particle-specific toxic effects of differently shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles to zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio )

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ◽

10.1002/etc.2758 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 2859-2868 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Jing Hua ◽

Martina G. Vijver ◽

Michael K. Richardson ◽

Farooq Ahmad ◽

Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zebrafish Embryos

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Toxicity and teratogenicity evaluation of hydroethanolic extract of momordica charantia fruit using zebrafish (DANIO RERIO) embryos model

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10ispl1.1720 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽

Author(s):

Noor Izati Abd Aziz ◽

Vikneswari Perumal ◽

Suganya Murugesu ◽

Qamar Uddin Ahmed ◽

Bisha Fathamah Uzir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Spinal Curvature ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Chemical Toxicity ◽

Active Constituent ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract ◽

Danio Rerio Embryos

The use of zebrafish vertebrate model in vivo analysis of the drug toxicity and efficacy, chemical toxicity, and safety is increasing in recent researches. Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been traditionally claimed for its many protective roles. However, the development of toxicity effect may cause morphological abnormalities by using an embryo of zebrafish (Danio Rerio) is unknown. Hence, this study was designed to determine the toxicity and teratogenic effect of hydroethanolic extract of M. charantia fruit using Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) embryos. The crude extract was prepared from the fruit of M. charantia using 80% hydroethanolic solvent. The zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilution of crude extract. The active constituent was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) has been widely commercialized based on traditional usage as an antidiabetic product. The current study has shown the toxic effects of the M. charantia fruit extract on the developing zebrafish embryos, and the median lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated to be 725.90 mg/L at 48 hpt. The observed effects are dependent on the time of exposure and concentrations of the extract. At higher concentration, the extract causes some morphological defects such as less pigmentation, dented tail, spinal curvature, oedema, reduced hatchability, and growth retardation, that indicates the presence of toxicant(s). Based on the GC-MS profiling, some of the compounds identified in the hydroethanolic extract, such as propanedioic acid and glutamine, may have caused the teratogenic effects to the embryos. Further research on the M. charantia fruit's metabolites should be carried out prior to any nutraceutical or pharmaceutical application.

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