scholarly journals BIOCIDAL POTENTIALS OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF PSIDIUM GUAJAVA (LINN.) ON PANEL OF BACTERIAL STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA AND DYSENTERY

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
OLADAYO RASHEEDAT ABIDOYE ◽  
DAVID AYINDE AKINPELU ◽  
KAZEEM ADEKUNLE ALAYANDE ◽  
MAYOWA OLADELE AGUNBIADE
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Time Kill

Objective: Investigations were carried out on cidal effects of crude extract and fractions obtained from stem bark of Psidium guajava against a panel of 74 strains of Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae implicated in diarrhea and dysentery infections. Methods: Powdered sample of the stem bark was extracted in methanol/distilled water (3:2) and then partitioned into different organic solvents. The fractions obtained were subjected to antibacterial tests against a panel of bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined using agar dilution method while the mode of action of the active fractions was investigated through time-kill dynamics and leakages of proteins and potassium ions from the cells. Results: All partitioned fractions except the aqueous fraction exhibited antibacterial activities against the panel of bacterial strains at a final concentration of 10 mg/mL. The MIC exhibited by the crude extract against susceptible bacterial strains ranged between 1.56 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, while the MIC for the four fractions ranged between 0.31 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL. The MBC ranged between 3.13–12.5 mg/mL and 0.63–5.0 mg/mL for the crude extract and fractions, respectively. The time-kill assay revealed that the percentage of the cells killed increase with an increase in the concentrations of the fractions as well as contact time intervals. Proteins and potassium ions leakages from the bacterial cells followed the same trend with that of time-kill assay. Conclusion: The stem bark extracts of P. guajava exhibited appreciable bactericidal effects on bacterial strains associated with diarrhea and dysentery in humans.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL CRUDE EXTRACTS OF WHOLE PLANT OF THE UGANDAN PHYLLANTHUS AMARUS SCHUMACH. & THONN AGAINST SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Magimbi Arthur ◽  
Adamu Almustapha Aliero ◽  
John Odda
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Whole Plant

Apart from being used for the treatment of malaria fevers, mono-herbal preparation of Ugandan Phyllanthus amarus is widely by local communities in central Uganda, for treatment of bacterial dysentery.  However, efficacy studies regarding the mono-herbal extracts of the Ugandan Phyllanthus amarus against Shigella dysenteriae is lacking. The present study was aimed at determined the antibacterial activity of aqueous ethanol crude extracts of whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus against Shigella dysenteriae. Whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus was collected from Wakiso district central of Uganda. Different concentrations (128µg/ml, 256µg/mL-1 and 512µg/ mL-1) of the ethanol crude extract of whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus were tested against Shigella dysenteriae using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth tube dilution method while Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by culture method. The results of this study showed that, Shigella dysenteriae was sensitive to different concentrations (128µg/ mL-1, 256µg/ mL-1and 512µg/ mL-1) of ethanol crude extract of whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus possessed antibacterial against Shigella dysenteriae with mean and standard error mean zone of inhibition ranging from 11.5±0.5 to 13.5±0.5mm, while the positive control had mean and standard error mean zone of inhibition 24.5±0.5mm. The MIC and MBC of the ethanol crude extract of whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus against Shigella dysenteriae was found to be 32µg/ml and 64µg/ml respectively. This study found that the whole plant of phyllanthus amarus of ethanol crude extract was active against Shigella dysenterie.  Further study should be carried out test whole plant Phyllanthus amarus crude extract on different microorganisms that cause dysentery to find out its activity against them and spectrum, determine lead compound in the whole plant Phyllanthus amarus crude extract responsible for the anti-microbial activity against Shigella dysenteriae and also determine the mechanism of action by which this plant crude extract inhibits Shigella dysenteriae.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Constituents from Bridelia verrucosa Haines Growing in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeeba Anjum ◽  
Md Zakir Sultan ◽  
Choudhury M Hasan ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Fractionation and purification of methanolic extract of stem bark of the Bridelia verrucosa growing in Bangladesh afforded glochidonol (1), brassicasterol (2), friedelin (3), 5?-24S-ethylchoestane-3?-ol (4), stigmasterol (5), ketooleanane (6), 5-5'-dihydroxy sesamine (7) and pinoresinol (8). Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 are the first report of their isolation from the plant while compound 7 appear to be a new isolate from natural source. The isolated compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii having significant LC50 and LC90 values and moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against 13 Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains and 3 fungi. Compound 8 showed highest inhibition of growth of microorganisms with zone of inhibition of 16.7 mm against Shigella dysenteriae. Compounds 1-4 and 6-8 also revealed moderate free radical scavenging activity, in DPPH assay.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 61-68, 2017 (June)

scholarly journals Elucidation of Bioactive Potential of Two Commonly Grown North Indian Psidium guajava viz., Lalit and Shweta against Pathogenic Foodborne and MDR Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 14090-14102
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Guava Leaf ◽  
Bioactive Potential

Food-borne diseases (FBD) can cause serious health hazards. Day by day, these pathogens are becoming resistant to various antibiotics. Consequently, severe outbreaks of (multidrug resistance food-borne diseases) MDR-FBD are possible. About this, there is an urgent requirement to explore new antimicrobial compounds. As Psidium guajava L. has been in folkloric use to treat many diseases, in this study, the phytochemical profile of two North- Indian cultivars (c.v) Lalit (Pink) and Shweta (White) was elucidated, and their bioactive potential was evaluated against antibiotic-resistant FBD. Phytochemical profile relating to good antioxidant activity was exhibited by Leaf (methane, hexane, dichloromethane, and aqueous) extracts containing a good amount of flavonoid/phenolics. Putatively, they are responsible for the antibacterial potential of the extracts. As these extracts showed inhibition of growth in all the ten bacterial strains (including Staphylococcus aureus (MDR), Bacillus pumilus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogens, Escherichia coli (MDR), Salmonella abony, Klebsiella pnemoneae, and Shigella dysenteriae) guava leaf extracts can be formulated as a functional food for combating MDR-FBD.

GROWTH INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF THE RHIZOME CRUDE EXTRACT OF Curcuma longa ON THE HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGUS Mucor circinelloides

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen Anh ◽  
Mai Le Thi Tuyet ◽  
Trung Trieu Anh
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method

Mucormycosis is an uncommon but life-threatening invasive fungal infection, mostly occurs in immunocompromised patients. Lacking the appropriate antifungal drugs is one of the reasons that lead to difficulties in the management of mucormycosis. Curcuma longa has been used traditionally and widely to treat various diseases, including fungal infections. In the search for novel antifungal compounds from natural resources, we evaluated the effect of rhizome crude extract of C. longa on Mucor circinelloides – a causal agent of mucormycosis. The results of screening, using broth dilution method and agar-well diffusion method, showed that the C. longa extract exhibited promising antifungal activity against the fungus M. circinelloides. In liquid medium, C. longa extract decreased the ability of spore germination and the speed of hyphae formation of M. circinelloides decreased by up to approximately 70% and 90%, respectively. Besides, in a solid medium, the crude extract presented similar activity with amphotericin B (400 μg\mL) in decreasing the growth of M. circinelloides by nearly 77%. Moreover, the extract of C. longa also likely to induce the yeast-like type of growth of the dimorphic M. circinelloides in the early stage. These results suggest the plant could be a potential source for further study on biochemical components and the mechanism of its antifungal activity.

Bioactivity of Some Natural and Semisynthetic Coumarin Derived Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Yasser Fakri Mustafa ◽  
Moath Kahtan Bashir ◽  
Mahmood Khudhayer Oglah ◽  
Raghad Riyadh Khalil ◽  
Eman Tareq Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Free Hydroxyl ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Diffusion Assay

A couple of natural coumarins was identified in the seeds of two apples’ cultivars commonly known as Granny Smith and Red Delicious. The effect of the phenolic hydroxyl moieties found in these products was evaluated on the bioactivity. This evaluation included the structural alteration of these moieties into less hydrophilic ones to explore the significance of the parent moieties on the biological activity. The investigated biopotentials were antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. The antioxidant potential was investigated by detecting the ability of the natural and semisynthetic coumarins to trap the free hydroxyl and DPPH radicals. The antiproliferative potential was assessed via an MTT-depended assay versus eight cancerous-cell lines, included HeLa, SK-OV-3, AR42J, MCF-7, AB12, KYSE-30, LC540, and AMN3. The antibacterial potential was tested versus six common pathogenic bacterial strains via a well-defined disc diffusion assay. These pathogens were Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Shigella dysenteriae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal potential was also screened by utilizing a similar microbiological technique versus three pathogenic fungi, involved Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. It is concluded that the investigated chemical moiety has a positive influence on the antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of the natural derivatives, and a negative one on their antibacterial and antifungal potentials.

scholarly journals In vitro growth-inhibitory effect of Brazilian plants extracts against Paenibacillus larvae and toxicity in bees

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Piana ◽  
Thiele F. de Brum ◽  
Aline A. Boligon ◽  
Camilla F.S. Alves ◽  
Robson B. de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Toxicity Analysis ◽  
Spreading Disease

American foulbrood (AFB) is a serious worldwide spreading disease in bees caused by Paenibacillus larvae. Plants extracts are known to decrease or inhibit the growth of these bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Calendula. officinalis, Cariniana domestica, and Nasturtium officinale extracts against the P. larvae and to evaluate the toxicity of the extracts in bees. In vitro activity against P. larvae of the extracts was evaluated by micro dilution method and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were also determined. The concentrations used in the toxicity test were established based on the MIC values and by the spraying application method. The P. larvae was susceptible to the evaluated crude extract of C. officinalis and N. officinale. To C. domestica, only the ethyl acetate (EtAc) fraction and n-butanol (BuOH) fractions had activity against P. larvae. Toxicity analysis in bees showed no toxicity for N. officinale crude extract and for C. domestica BuOH fraction during 15 days of treatment, however, some deaths of bees occurred during the first three days of treatment with C. officinalis and C. domestica EtAc fraction. The results with these species were firstly described and showed that N. officinale crude extract and C. domestica BuOH fraction both presented not toxic effects in the concentration tested by the spraying application method, and can be a useful alternative for treatment or prevention of AFB.

MEMBRANE-ACTIVE METHANOLIC CRUDE EXTRACT OF THERMOTOLERANT, Aspergillus fumigatus SSH01 AND ITS MODE OF ACTION AGAINST GRAM-POSITIVE PATHOGENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Khairil Radzali ◽  
Akmal Hayat Abdul Karim ◽  
Syahida Ahmad ◽  
Wan Zuhainis Saad
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Time Kill

This study was undertaken to investigate the antibacterial properties and the mode of actions of crude extract of Aspergillus fumigatus SSH01. Antibacterial properties was observed against Gram-positive pathogens and showed inhibition against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, methicillin-resistant S. aureus S547 (MRSA) and Listeria monocytogenes L10 with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 0.097- 12.5 mg/ml) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC, 0.195 – 25 mg/ml). No surviving cells were detected after 15 h of treatment with the 2MIC of extracts for time-kill assay. Leakage of cellular contents of the treated test pathogens were identified and increased as the concentrations of the extracts increased. The study of morphological surface has shown the bacterial membrane was disrupted and caused loss of viability. This implies the antibacterial effects of A. fumigatus SSH01 extract may serve as the potential antibiotic. 

In Vitro Attenuation of Thermal-Induced Protein Denaturation by Aerial Parts of Artemisia scoparia

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murad Ali Khan ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Shafiq Ahmad Tariq ◽  
Samreen Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Denatured Protein ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Artemisia Scoparia

The goal of this study was to explore the aerial parts of Artemisia scoparia (crude extract, total flavonoid contents, and aqueous fraction) for protein denaturation potential. The crude extract provoked marked attenuation of thermal-induced denatured protein in a concentration-dependent manner with maximum inhibition of 54.05 μg/mL at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 449.66 μg/mL. When total flavonoid contents were studied, it illustrated most dominant activity concentration dependently with maximum amelioration of 62.16 μg/mL at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 378.35 μg/mL. The aqueous fraction also exhibited significant activity with maximum of 56.75% inhibition at 500 μg/mL and IC50 of 445.10 μg/mL. It can be concluded on the basis of the results that the crude extract, flavonoid contents, and aqueous fraction of the plant possessed significant inhibition on thermal-induced denatured protein.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial, anti-oxidant properties and GC-MS analysis of the crude methanolic extract and fractions of Solanum dasyphyllum Schumach and Thonn. leaves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladapo Elijah Oyinloye ◽  
Olumuyiwa. S. Alabi ◽  
Olusegun. G. Ademowo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Kinetics Study ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Time Kill

Abstract Background: Solanum dasyphyllum is a plant with several ethno-medicinal uses as food and medicine in treatment of fever, skin diseases, inflammation, stomach ache and some systemic infections. To date there is little scientific validation of the folkloric claims of S. dasyphyllum compared to other species of the Solanaceae family. This study determined the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of methanol extract and fractions of the leaves of S. dasyphyllum and analysed the phyto-constituents using GC-MS technique.Methods: The dried leaves of S. dasyphyllum were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus with 80% methanol and the crude extract subjected to Phytochemical screening and liquid-liquid fractionation. Crude extract and fractions were subjected to antimicrobial screening, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MBC/MFC) determination and time-kill kinetics study. Crude extract was assayed for antioxidant activity and analysed by GC-MS.Results: Percentage yield of S. dasyphyllum was 12.5% and tested positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, cyanogenic glycosides, tannins and reducing sugars. The crude extract and fractions were active on all the isolates at concentrations >0.5 mg/mL. MICs of the crude extract and fractions ranged between 0.25 and >4 mg/mL, MBC ranged between 1 and >4 mg/mL and MFC ranged between 0.5 and >4 mg/mL. The MBC/MIC ratio was >4 for dichloromethane fractions against S. aureus (ratio 8) and MFC/MIC ratio ethylacetate fraction against the fungi isolates (ratio 8). The time-kill kinetics study showed dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions to be bactericidal with zero viable count at 4 - 6hours against the isolates. The crude extract displayed moderate antioxidant with weak DPPH radical scavenging activity. The GC-MS analysis showed 29 metabolites including the phenols and polyphenols derivatives, eucalyptol, levomenthol, benzofuranone derivative, diethyl phthalate, neophytadiene, 1-Docosene, 17-Pentatriacontene, Phytol, Thunbergol and esters of decanoic acid derivatives all of which are known to have anti-infective and anti-oxidant properties.Conclusion: This study therefore confirmed the ethno-medicinal claim of S. dasyphyllum and thus elucidates the potentials of the plant as a good source of bioactive compounds including those with strong anti-infective and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Decoding Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Properties of Cinnamon and Cardamom Essential Oils: A Combined Molecular Docking and Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elahe Pourkhosravani ◽  
fatemeh dehghan nayeri ◽  
Mitra Mohammadi Bazargani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Computational Docking ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Industrial Strains

Abstract This study sets out to compare the antibacterial and antibiofilm profiles of Ci/Ca EOs alone and in combination together against infectious bacterial strains. MIC assay was carried out to survey the effectiveness of prepared EOs by two-fold serial dilution method and MTT evaluation. Synergic antibacterial properties of EOs against target strains were studied by using checkerboard titration method. Biofilm growth and development were evaluated using CV and XTT reduction assays. Antibacterial activity was observed for EOs against both bacterial strains with stronger activity for CiEO against both bacteria. The synergistic antibacterial effect was observed only against B. subtilis. Based on the FIC index, combinations could not inhibit the growth of E. coli. The pure EOs and their combination inhibited cell attachment for both studied bacteria with stronger effect on E. coli. CV and XTT reduction assays results showed that Ci EO and its combination with CaEO had the highest antibiofilm activity at lowest MIC value 0.08% and 0.04/0.02% against biofilm formed by E. coli and B. subtilis respectively, indicating a high antibiofilm potential. Computational docking analyses also postulated that the active constituents of evaluated EOs have the potential to interact with different bacterial targets, suggested binding mode of action of EOs metabolites. By and large, synergistic anti-biofilm properties of EOs may provide further options for developing novel formula to inhibit a variety of infectious clinical and industrial strains without (or less) toxicity effects on human body.

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