scholarly journals INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF CLEOME SPECIES EXTRACT ON ONION GUEST ROOT

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
SUTTHIDUEAN CHUNHAKARN ◽  
PRAKAIDAO YINGSANGA ◽  
LADA MATHURASA
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Cleome Spinosa ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Activity

Objective: Biological control is useful in agricultural. Allelopathy plays an important factor in crop productivity. The effect of allelopathy is able to produce and release allelochemicals or phytochemicals to inhibit or stimulate seed germination, seeding growth, shoot and root growth of other crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of Cleome viscose and Cleome spinosa extracts on onion guest roots length.Methods: The whole plants of C. viscose and C. spinosa were extracted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water, respectively. Each group of onion guests was sprayed at various concentrations as 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 parts per million for the treatment. The root growth was measured every day for 1 month.Results: At concentration of 1600 ppm, methanol crude extract of C. spinose showed the highest percent inhibitory activity value of 91.68. Ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of C. viscose showed strong inhibitory activity with percentage values of 90.17 and 90.90, respectively, at concentration of 1600 ppm. Moreover, the methanol extract of C. viscose and C. spinosa evaluated higher inhibitory activity than other solvent. However, distilled water crude extract of C. spinose showed weak inhibitory activity with the percentage value of 40.05 at concentration of 1600 ppm.Conclusions: In this study, the methanol crude extract of C. spinose showed potent inhibitory activity on root growth. Moreover, ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of C. viscose evaluated strong inhibitory activity. C. viscose and C. spinosa extracts possessed allelochemicals for postharvest biology and technology in plants.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activities of Vernonia amygdalina Crude Extracts and Fractions against Strain1161, P37005 and RM1000

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-93
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Owoyale ◽  
M. Galadimma ◽  
S. Y. Daniyan ◽  
N. Adabara
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Crude Extracts

This research study was focused in determining antifungal activities of the crude extracts and fractions of Vernonia amygdalina against strain 1161, P37005 and RM1000. Vernonia amygdalina leaves were extracted by the reflux extraction protocol which was done in a successive method. This study also analysed quantitatively the phytochemical that were present in the crude leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina. The study identified the presence of tannin, flavonoid, alkaloids, saponin and phenols. The three strains used in this study were tested for their susceptibility, However, activity of the crude extract was assayed at a varying concentration of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml. The methanol leaf extract (MLE) at a concentration of 100mg/ml showed the highest zones of inhibition 15.33± 1.23 mm against strain 1161(isolate S5). The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration showed for active crude extracts were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml presented for the n- hexane crude extract against strain 1161(IsolateS5). The value for the methanol crude extract were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml against strain 1161 (Isolate: S5). Furthermore, the value of 12.5 mg/ml and 100mg/ml were showed for n- hexane crude extract against P37005 (isolate: B4) However, The antifungal activity of the fractions against the strains were determined at a concentrations of 5mg/ml and 10mg/ml. The various fractions of Vernonia amygdalina showed inhibitory activity against all the strains.16.00± 0.0mm was the highest value that was presented for n-hexane fraction of Vernonia amygalina against strain 1161 and P37005. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for active fractions (F1) are 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml showed for n- hexane fraction of Vernonia amygdalina against strain P37005(Isolate:B4). The value of 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml were showed for n- hexane fraction (F4) of Vernonia amygdalina against strain 1161 (isolate: S5). Fraction (F4) showed 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml against strain P37005 (isolate: B4). The methanol fraction (F1) showed values of 3.125 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml respectively against strain RM1000(isolate B2). Fraction F6 had values of 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml against strain P37005 (isolate: B4). It can be deduced from this study that the n- hexane and methanol crude extracts showed a significant result than the ethyl acetate crude extracts. Furthermore, there was inhibitory activity for the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions against all the tested strains.

scholarly journals Development of an Efficient Protocol for Cimifugin Isolation from Peucedanum schottii and Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitory Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Ewelina Kozioł ◽  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. Sezer Senol ◽  
Kalina Alipieva ◽  
Milen Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Performance Counter ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
First Time ◽  
Analytical Scale

The dichloromethane (DCM) extract of the fruits of Peucedanum schottii Besser ex DC. (Apiaceae) was subjected to high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) for the efficient and fast separation (30 min) and isolation of cimifugin using an ethyl acetate: water (1:1 v/v, K = 1.01) system. The analytical scale-optimized separation was easily scaled to semi-preparative conditions. Cimifugin (11.25% yield, 96.5% purity) was isolated for the first time from P. schottii and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Cimifugin and the crude DCM extract were evaluated using ELISA microtiter assays for their inhibitory potential against the cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase - AChE and butyrylcholinesterase - BChE), and tyrosinase (TYR), which are key enzymes for the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The crude extract exhibited a weak inhibitory activity against AChE, BChE, and TYR (4.2, 35.5, and 0% at 100 μg mL−1 and 10.3, 40.0, and 12.2% at 200 μg mL−1, respectively), while cimifugin displayed low to moderate inhibition towards AChE and BChE (3.1 and 21.6%, respectively) at 200 μg mL−1.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activities of Azardirachta indica Crude Extracts and Fractions against Strain 1161, P37005 and RM1000

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Owoyale ◽  
M. Galadimma ◽  
S. Y. Daniyan ◽  
N. Adabara
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
A Value ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Common Illnesses

Azardirachta indica (neem) has served as an alternative medicine in the treatment of some common illnesses that have being associated to man. Azardirachta indica have proven effectively against certain fungi species that can infect human beings and cause disease. This study was aimed at determining the antifungal activities of Azardirachta indica crude extracts and fractions against certain Candida albicans strains: P37005, RM1000 and Strain1161. The reflux method was used for successive extraction of Azardirachta indica leaves which was done by three solvents namely: n- hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The leaves of Azardirachta indica was assayed for its phytochemicals components which was determined quantitatively. However, the various strains were subjected to the crude extracts of Azardirachta indica at a varying concentration of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml. The activity of n- hexane and methanol crude extracts had higher zones of inhibition than that of ethyl acetate crude extracts. The n- hexane crude extract showed a minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively against the tested strain of P37005(Isolate B4). The value of 6.25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml were also observed for the n- hexane crude extract against strain RM 1000(Isolate B2). Whereas, the methanol crude extract presented a value of 6.25 mg/ml and 100mg/ml respectively against strain RM1000(Isolate B2). More so, the antifungal activities of the fractions were determined at a concentration of 5mg/ml and 10 mg/ml which showed inhibition for all the strains. The n-hexane fraction F3 of Azardirachta indica had an MIC and MFC value of 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml against P37005(IsolateB4). The value for the methanol fractions(F6) of Azardirachta indica against strain 1161(Isolate S5) was 3.125 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml. It is obvious from this study that the antifungal activities of the crudes and fractions used were less in activity compared to the standard antibiotics(fluconazole).

scholarly journals Larvicidal and Repellent Properties of Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 Crude Extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. JEMIMAH NAINE ◽  
C. SUBATHRA DEVI
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Crude Extracts

The aim of the present study was to assess the larvicidal and repellent properties of marine Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 crude extracts. The marine soil samples were collected from the Puducherry coast, Tamil Nadu, India. The isolate Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 was taxonomically characterized and identified. The ethyl acetate crude extract tested for larvicidal property showed 100% mortality for all the 3 species after 24 h exposure against the early fourth instar larvae of malarial vector--Anopheles stephensi at 50% and 90% lethal concentration (LC50 = 132.86, LC90 396.14 ppm); dengue vector--Aedes aegypti (LC50 = 112.78, LC90 336.42 ppm) and filariasis vector--Culex quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 156.53, LC90 468.37 ppm). The Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 solvent extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and methanol were tested for repellent activity against A. stephensi, A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus. The ethyl acetate extract showed complete protection for 210 min at 6 mg/cm2 against these mosquito bites. The crude extract was analyzed further for Fourier Transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. In addition to the importance of bioactive compounds, the utilization of Streptomyces sp. VITJS4 crude extracts revealed effective larvicidal and repellent activity against the vectors, which perhaps represents a promising tool in the management of mosquito control.

scholarly journals Flavonoid isolation and identification of mother-in-law’s tongue leaves (sansevieria trifasciata) and the inhibitory activities to xanthine oxidase enzyme

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah ◽  
Angelina ◽  
Mauhibah Yumna ◽  
Rita Arbianti ◽  
Tania Surya Utami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Agent

Hyperuricemia is a disease that is characterized by high uric acid levels, in which the number of victim increase year by year in the worldwide. Flavonoid is an active compound with inhibitory activity towards Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme which is a compound that plays a role in the formation of uric acid in the body. Sansevieria trifasciata is an ornamental plant which is also useful as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant agent. Studies of S. trifasciata as Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme inhibitor have not been reported. This research isolate flavonoid compounds using open column chromatography from crude extract of S. trifasciata leaves that extracted by sonication method. There are six eluent used to isolate flavonoid which are methanol : ethyl acetate, chloroform : ethyl acetate, chloroform : ethyl acetate : methanol. Wilstater test is used to select the fraction that rich of flavonoid. The best result from isolation step that contains flavonoid is assessed the inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase. It is analyzed qualitative using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). The inhibition percentage showed that fraction 3 was potential to inhibit XO by 85.48 %. LC-MS chromatogram can show that crude extract and positive fraction of isolation were containing falvonoid.

scholarly journals Control of rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae by application of antifungal nanomaterials from Emericella nidulans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasem Soytong ◽  
Jiaojiao Song ◽  
Somdej Kanokmedhakul
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Emericella Nidulans ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rice Leaves

Metabolites of Emericella nidulans (EN) were separated by chromatographic methods from crude hexane included emericellin and sterigmatocystin, while crude ethyl acetate found demethylsterigmatocystin. These metabolites proved to be antagonistic to Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast. Crude extracts and nano-particles derived from EN inhibited M. oryzae. The ethyl acetate crude extract derived inhibited M. oryzae with an effective dose (ED<sub>50</sub>) of 66 μg/mL. The nanoparticles showed better inhibition of M. oryzae than crude extracts at low concentrations. Nanoparticles, namely from crude ethyl acetate, crude methanol and crude hexane of EN were active against M. oryzae with ED<sub>50</sub> of 4.2 μg/mL, 4.5 μg/mL, 8.9 μg/mL, respectively. It detected sakuranetin (rate of flow value is 0.09) in nano-EN treated rice leaves. These nanoparticles inhibited M. oryzae and acted as a new elicitor to induce immunity.

scholarly journals Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Susceptibility of Azardirachta indica against Some Strains of Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Owoyale ◽  
M. Galadimma ◽  
S. Y. Daniyan ◽  
N. Adabara
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
A Value ◽  
Crude Extracts

This research work was focus on determining the quantitative phytochemical analysis and antifungal susceptibility of Azardirachta indica against some strains of Candida albicans. The leaves of Azardirachta indica was susccessively extracted using reflux method of extraction. Quantitative phytochemical screenings were done to determine the amounts of phytochemical that are present in the crude extracts. The result showed that the extract of Azardirachta indica (neem) possessed active principles which include: Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and tannin which were present in the crude extracts. The antifungal activity of the extracts was assayed against three different strains (P37005, RM1000 & SC5314) The antifungal susceptibility test of the crude extracts against the strains were determined at different concentrations of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml using the  agar well diffusion method. The n- hexane and methanol crude extract showed inhibitory activity compared to that of ethyl acetate that had no inhibitory activity. The highest mean zone of inhibition (MZI) was 15.00±1.00 mm which was recorded for n-hexane leaf extract at a concentration of 100 mg/ml against strain RM1000 (isolate: S2). Although the standard antibiotics (Fluconazole) used in this study showed a much higher zone of inhibition than that of the n-hexane and methanol crude extract. The MIC and MFC value for n-hexane crude extracts were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively against strain P37005 (Isolate:S1)likewise, the n-hexane crude extract had a value of 6.25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. However, the methanol crude extract showed a value of 6.25 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively against SC5314 (isolate:S3).

scholarly journals Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Toxicity of Crude Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Oncoba spinosa (Flacourtiaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kodi Philip ◽  
Peter Kiplagat Cheplogoi ◽  
Mwangi Muthoni Elizabeth ◽  
M. Akala Hoseah ◽  
Moses K. Langat
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Crude Extracts

Aims: The medicinal plant Oncoba spinosa is used by the local communities in Butebo County in Eastern Uganda for treatment of malaria and other diseases. In vitro antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts and isolated compounds were screened against chloroquine sensitive 3D7 and resistant Dd2 strains. In vivo acute toxicity of the extracts and structure elucidation were also determined in the study. Experimental: Crude extracts of: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol were prepared. Isolation and purification of these extracts were done using chromatographic techniques which consisted of column and thin layer chromatography. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. In vitro antiplasmodial activity was performed on chloroquine sensitive 3D7 and resistant Dd2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum using SYBR Green 1 assay technique. Lorke’s method of acute toxicity was used to determine the in vivo acute toxicity of the crude extracts in mice. Results: The root ethyl acetate crude extract had highest antiplasmodial activity of IC50:4.69 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 3.52 ± 0.02 µg/mL against 3D7 and Dd2 strains respectively while the remaining three were inactive against both strains of Plasmodium. Isolation resulted in the identification of three known compounds which included: β-sitosterol, benzoic acid and chaulmoogric acid. Among the tested compounds β-sitosterol showed the highest activity of IC50 3D7: 5.51 µM. Dichloromethane and hexane extracts were non-toxic with LD50 > 5000 mg/kg while the EtOAc and MeOH extracts were slightly toxic with LD50 of 547.72 mg/kg. Statistically significance existed between the antiplasmodial activity of the crude extracts and compounds when compared with the controls at (p < 0.05). Extracts and compounds exerted a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in antiplasmodial activity compared to the positive controls. Conclusion: The findings confirm the ethnobotanical use of O. spinosa by the local communities in Butebo County for the treatment of malaria. The results also suggest that the crude extract of this plant is safe and possesses antimalarial activity which can be used as a basis for in vivo and clinical studies to be done. Therefore the plant can offer a potential drug lead for developing a safe, effective and affordable antimalarial.

Phytochemical screening for identification of bioactive compounds of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae) responsible for larvicidal action against Aedes triseriatus Say, 1823 (Diptera : Culicidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Rhitayu Chakraborti ◽  
Probir Kumar Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Aedes Triseriatus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Lc50 Value

Study to assess the larvicidal property of Lantana camara leaves against Aedes triseriatus larvae found that the ethyl acetate extract had profound larvicidal action with the crude extract having a LC50 value of 409.831ppm. GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract confirmed the presence of twenty-one compounds out of which beta-caryophyllene covered the highest percentage of the chromatogram area. Further tests with beta-caryophyllene against the mosquito larvae proved it to be the active ingredient of L. Camara with a LC50 value of 104.243ppm.

Study effect of crude extracts of Hibiscus sabdarifa L. on some Enterobacteriaceae

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabreen A Kamal ◽  
Ishraq A Salih ◽  
Hawraa Jawad Kadhim ◽  
Zainab A Tolaifeh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
And Control

Red rose or roselle (beauty rose ) is natively known as red tea belong to Malvaceae, it is flowers use traditionally for antihypertensive hepato protective, anticancer,antidiabetic,antibacterial, cytotoxicity and antidiarreal, By preparing red tea from it's flower. In this study, we extract chemical compounds by using two solvent which are Ethanol, Ethyl acetate. so we can extract Anthocyanin which is responsible for red colour of flower with many chemical compounds. then study the effect of these extracts on 5 genera from Enterobacteriacaea which can cause diarrheae (Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus and Klebsiella ) by preparing 3 concentrations for each solvent (250, 500, 750 ) mg/ml, and control then compare with two antibiotic (Azereonam 30 mg/ml and Bacitracin 10 mg/ml ) these extracts revealed obvious inhibition zone in bacterial growth.

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