scholarly journals PROTECTIVE APTITUDE OF BORASSUS FLABELLIFER ROOT EXTRACTS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY AND MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS (H37 RV)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Veda Priya Gummadi ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Talluri ◽  
Keerthana Diyya ◽  
Ganga Rao Battu
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Tuberculosis Activity

Objective: Borassus flabellifer is an doub palm tree, different parts of it have been using as food and in traditional medicine. The root parts (rhizomes) are used for phytochemical analysis and evaluation of hepatoprotective and anti-tuberculosis activities.Materials: Hepatoprotective activity of Borassus flabellifer root extracts were studied on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in rats and anti-tuberculosis activity on Mycobacterium tuberculosis [H37 Rv strain] quantitative determination using Microplate Alamar Blue assay (MABA) method.Results: The phytochemical analysis of different extracts B. flabellifer roots showed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, saponins and oils. The methanolic extract showed more phenolic and alkaloid contents on their quantification. Ethyl Acetate, Chloroform and Methanol extracts of B. flabellifer showed the dose dependent percentage protection of on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. The methanol extract showed more activity and is comparable with standard drug Liv 52 on altered liver biomarker enzymes AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP, total bilirubin and total protein levels with percentage protection 70.58%, 68.91%, 69.30% 71.18% and 70.73%. The ethyl acetate extract showed more anti-tuberculosis activity than methanol extract with MIC 6.25μg/mL but the extracts showed lower activity compared to standard drugs ciprofloxacin, Streptomycin and pyrazinamide of the MIC values are 6.25, 3.125, 3.125 μg/mL.Conclusion: B. flabellifer roots posses different phytochemical constituents and those extracts posses hepatoprotective and anti-tuberculosis activities 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and in vivo Antioxidant Potentials of Methanol Extract of Tephrosia pumila against Thioacetamide Induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh C ◽  
Pinkey Rawal ◽  
Soma Pramanik ◽  
Shabana S
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Protein Ions

The objective of the current investigation was performed to assess the hepatoprotective potentials and in vivo antioxidant properties of methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila against thioacetamide induced liver damage in rats. The acute oral toxicity study of methanol extract was determined as per OECD guidelines and the extract was proved to be safe up to the dose of 2000mg/kg. The total duration of the study was 21 days and animals were divided into six groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the animals of all groups except normal control by single dose administration of Thioacetamide(100mg/kg) at first day of the study followed by animals were treated daily with standard drug sylimarin and methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) to respective groups for 21 days. Variations in biochemical parameters like alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, total protein, ions and others parameters like clotting time and weight of the liver were considered to determine beneficial effect of the extract. At the end of the study liver samples were collected and subjected to histopathological evaluation. There were significant variations in the above mentioned biochemical parameters in toxic control animals treated with Thioacetamide alone while in the animals treated with methanol extract and standard drug silymarin, all the parameters were normal possibly due to their beneficial property in protecting the liver against thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity. The results obtained in the above study suggesting that, the methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila possess significant hepatoprotective activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIALS OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF TEPHROSIA VILLOSA AGAINST THIOACETAMIDE INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
PINKEY RAWAL ◽  
RAMESH C ◽  
SOMA PRAMANIK ◽  
SHABANA S
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Protein Ions

Objective: The present study was conducted to determine the hepatoprotective potentials of methanol s extracts of Tephrosia villosa leaves against thioacetamide (TAA) induced liver damage in rats. Methodology: The acute oral toxicity study was conducted as per OECD guidelines, and the extract was proved to be safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg. The total duration of the study was 21 days, and animals were divided into six groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the animals of all groups except normal control by single dose administration of TAA (100 mg/kg) at 1st day of the study followed by animals were treated daily with standard drug silymarin and methanol extract of T. villosa (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) to respective groups for 21 days. Variations in biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, total protein, ions and others parameters such as clotting time and weight of the liver were considered to determine beneficial effect of the extract. At the end of the study liver samples were collected and subjected to histopathological evaluation. Results: In control animals treated with TAA alone, there were variations in the above mentioned parameters. However in the animals treated with methanol extract and standard drug silymarin, all the parameters were normal possibly due to their beneficial property in protecting the liver against TAA induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: The results obtained in the above study suggesting that, the methanol extract of T. villosa possess significant hepatoprotective activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Sabicea brevipes Wernham (Rubiaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chimaobi O. Ugorji ◽  
Janefrances N. Ihedioha ◽  
Matthias O. Agbo ◽  
Nwachukwu R. Ekere ◽  
Felix I. Nwafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Significant Difference

Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the leaf extract and fractions of Sabicea brevipes were studied. The leaves were defatted and the marc extracted with methanol. The extract was further purified by solvent-solvent partitioning using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to obtain the three solvent fractions. They were screened for phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids. Total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were determined quantitatively. The antimicrobial test was screened in vitro by agar diffusion method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference at p ≤ 0.05 in all study groups. The methanol extract exhibited the most significant amount of phenolics (110.78 ± 1.06 mg GAE/g) while ethyl acetate fraction had the least total phenolics content (50.55 ± 2.91 mg GAE/g). The same trend was observed for the total flavonoids content whereas the methanol extract measured (418.40 ± 14.03 mg QE/g) while ethyl acetate fraction had 192.40 ± 3.06 mg QE/g. Total tannins contents were: methanol extract (102.22 ± 7.58 mg GAE/g) and ethyl acetate (27.33 ± 0.77 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant results showed that the methanol extract had the highest DPPH free radical scavenging ability (93.69%) with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.601± 0.02 and also highest ferric ion reducing power (50.381 ± 1.56 µmol Fe2+/g). Also, the methanol extract showed high total antioxidant capacity (96.79 ± 0.31 mg AAE) and IC50 of 0.798± 0.01. The antimicrobial results revealed that the methanol extract showed better activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans than the solvent fractions at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, mg/mL having various inhibition zone diameters (IZDs). The methanol extract and fractions of S. brevipes compared favourably in terms of zone of inhibition and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) with the standard drug disc (Gentamycin and Ketoconazole) against the tested microorganisms. The MIC of the extract and solvent fractions ranged from 6.31 mg/mL to 50.12 mg/mL. The continual use of the extract of Sabicea brevipes in preventing oxidative stress and in the treatment of common infection is justified by these results.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chrozophora rottleri Extracts on Carrageenan-Induced Rat Paw Edema

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Rao Talluri ◽  
Battu Ganga Rao ◽  
Y. Venkateswaea Rao
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw

The present study was intended to evaluate Anti-inflammatory activity ofC. rottleriextracts (Hydroalcoholic, Methanol, Ethyl acetate and Hexane). The Anti-inflammatory activity ofC.rottleriextracts at doses of 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg using carrageenan induced rat paw edema model compared with standard drug (Indomethacin). The selected plant extracts significantly inhibited paw edema along with the standard drug Indomethacin. Of all extracts, methanol extract produced significant effect on reduction of increased paw thickness, hydro alcoholic and ethyl acetate extracts produced moderate percentage inhibition and hexane extract produced low level of percentage inhibition in reducing paw edema on carrageenan induced rats. In all extracts, methanol extract at a dose of 500mg/kg showed more percentage inhibition i.e . 53.47±2.19. From the results obtained during the study it is concluded thatC. rottlerihaving the bioactive molecule responsible for Anti-inflammatory activity by individually or by combination of different bio-active compounds present in it. Further is necessary for isolation and characterization of bioactive molecules which are responsible for the selected plant biological activities.

scholarly journals Analgesic, Antidiarrheal and Antidepressant Activities of Anethum sowa Linn. in Swiss-Albino Mice Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullah Al Mansur ◽  
M Mahboob Ali Siddiqi ◽  
Koushik Saha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anethum Sowa

The hexane (HE), dichloromethane (DCME), ethyl acetate (EAE) and methanol (ME) extracts of seed and stem of Anethum sowa were subjected to screenings for analgesic, anti-diarrheal and anti-depressant activities. The peripheral and central analgesic actions were determined by using formalin-induced writhing test and tail immersion method. The DCME extract of stem, at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, significantly reduced the number of writhing movements whereas the methanol extract of seed at the same dose exhibited remarkable analgesic activity in tail immersion method. In castor oil induced anti-diarrheal assay, the ethyl acetate extract of stem, at 400 mg/kg body weight, exhibited significant anti-diarrheal effect. In addition, significant anti-depressant activity was observed at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight as compared to the standard drug in case of HE extract of stem.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 1-6, 2018

Pharmacological and Pathological Studies on Taiwan Folk Medicine (IX): The Hepatoprotective Effect of the Methanolic Extract from Echinops Grijisii

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ching Lin ◽  
Cheng-Hung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

In order to isolate the main hepatoprotective component of Echinops grijisii, the crude drug was extracted with methanol and subjected to continuous extractions using n-hexane chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. The hepatoprotective studies of each fraction from the methanol extract of E. grijisii was conducted in Wistar albino rats with CC14-induced liver damage. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated in terms of the modification of serum transaminase values such as SGOT and SGPT, and histopathological changes of liver biopsy. The results indicated that the main hepatoprotective component was concentrated in n-butanol and aqueous fractions.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND TOTAL POLYPHENOLICS CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL OIL, METHANOL EXTRACT AND METHANOL FRACTIONS FROM COMMELINA NUDIFLORA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dawood Shah ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extracts

Objective: In the present study, the essential oil, methanol extract, and methanol fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) obtained from Commelina nudiflora were investigated for the free radical scavenging effects and phytochemical analysis.Methods: The antioxidative effect of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were evaluated using 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride reagents respectively. The phytochemical analyses of the essential oil, methanol extracts and methanol fractions were performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). Results: The antioxidant, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were higher followed by methanol extract, hexane fraction and essential oil. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloid, saponin, steroid, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tannins etc. The identified bioactive constituents of essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora were indole, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, phenol, benzyl alcohol, eugenol, phenol, 2, 4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (palmitic acid ester), n-hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid), 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, (linoleic acid) and phytol. All identified bioactive compounds and their derivatives were generally reported with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.Conclusion: The obtained data suggest that the essential oil, methanol extract and methanol fractions of C. nudiflora possess remarkable antioxidant activities and vital phytochemicals. Thus the plant can be a utilized as a potential source of nutraceutical with antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Phytoconstituents Isolation and Hepatoprotective Activity Potential of Averrhoa bilimbi Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 573-581
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Prabhu ◽  
Ronald Fernandes ◽  
K. Adarsha Govinda
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plant Chemical

Objective: To isolate and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude ethanolic leaf extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Methods: The leaves of Averrhoa bilimbi were extracted by cold maceration using ethanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Plant chemical constituents were isolated using column chromatography and characterized by IR,1HNMR,13CNMR and mass spectroscopic values. Albino rats were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude ethanol extract and the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant paracetamol. Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as bilirubin were measured along with histopathological examination. Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies shown the presence of n-docosanoic acid and beta sitosterol from petroleum extract and from ethyl acetate a flavonoid apigenin.The ethanol extract suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (P=0.05) in the aforementioned doses. Maximum hepatoprotective activity was observed at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably with the presence its chemical constituents like sterols,flavonoids and terpenoids.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ACTINIOPTERIS RADIATA

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
KANDUKURI GOURI SANKAR ◽  
BENDI SRI VENKATESWARLU
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: The medicinal plants have been using to treat ailments since ancient times. The recent advances in science and technology impel humans to evaluate medicinal plants therapeutic efficiency and isolation of bioactive compounds in pure forms before their use in development of new drugs and their derivatives. But even now, abundant medicinal plants unevaluated scientifically. The current study was aimed to explore phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Actiniopteris radiata root parts. Methods: Standard procedures have been used to perform phytochemical analysis. Antioxidant activity was carried using In vitro methods on superoxide, hydroxyl, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Hepatoprotective activity was studied by paracetamol-induced liver toxicity on WISTAR albino rats. The parameters assessed were Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT/AST), Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT/ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels. Results: The tested extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic) possess biologically active compounds such as sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids. The hydro-alcoholic extract has more phenolic contents (24.28±0.3) and flavonoid contents (22.68±0.6). The extracts showed dose dependent activity on tested free radicals and extracts showed more percentage inhibition at 320µg. The hydro-alcoholic extract showed more percentage inhibition i.e. 71.00±2.08 on DPPH free radical, 79.67±1.20 on hydroxyl free radical and 80.33±1.20 on superoxide free radical. As antioxidant activity of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts was less and they also showed less percentage protection on liver toxicity, hydro-alcoholic extract showed more percentage protection on biomedical enzyme levels of liver toxicity at high concentration i.e., 400 mg/kg b.w. The percentage protection on the enhancement of AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP, and total bilirubin levels were 82.24%, 82.14%, 84.18%, and 82.85% are significant (P<0.01) as Liv52 shown percentage protection on the enhancement of Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin levels were 93.58%, 92.83%, 94.67% and 93.57%. Conclusion: The current study was aimed to explore phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of Actiniopteris radiata root parts extracts. The outcome of the current research results provides scientific evidence of the traditional usage of Actiniopteris radiata.

scholarly journals ARGINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF CAESALPINIA TORTUOSA ROXB

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Amirah Najid ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Arikadia Noviani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the arginase inhibitory activity of Caesalpinia tortuosa Roxb. stem bark extracts.Methods: C. tortuosa Roxb. stem bark extracts were obtained through reflux extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol and theirinhibitory activity against arginase was measured using a microplate reader at 430 nm. Active extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysisand based on the qualitative phytochemical analysis, quantitative data regarding flavonoid and phenolic contents were obtained. The total flavonoidcontent of active extracts was determined using AlCl3 colorimetric method, and the phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu method.Results: Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. tortuosa Roxb. inhibited activity of arginase with IC50 values of 33.81 and 11.58 μg/mL,respectively, nor-NOHA acetate as standard drug inhibited arginase with IC50 values of I3.77 μg/mL. Both active extracts contained saponins,tannins, and flavonoids. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed a total flavonoid content of 7.41 mgQE/g and 5.05 mgQE/g and totalphenolic content of 27.55 mgGE/g and 17.16 mgGE/g, respectively. Methanol extracts had a higher inhibitory activity than ethyl acetateextracts despite having flavonoid and phenolic content, thereby suggesting no correlation between arginase inhibitory activity and flavonoidor phenolic content.Conclusion: Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of C. tortuosa Roxb. stem barks containing flavonoids, tannins, and saponins displayed arginaseinhibitory activity, and no correlation was observed between arginase inhibitory activity and flavonoid and phenolic content.

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