scholarly journals Еще раз о формах показателя множественного числа в тюркских языках

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415-1437
Author(s):  
Anna V. Dybo ◽  
◽  
Lidia F. Abubakirova ◽  
Mark M. Zimin ◽  
Evgeniya V. Korovina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Separate Group ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Intermediate Languages ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Reconstruction Point

Introduction. The article continues the discussion of isogloss types and their relevance for the Proto-Turkic reconstruction and reconstruction of the intermediate nodes of the Turkic family tree. Goals. The paper makes another attempt to reconstruct the morphophonological appearance of some affixes for intermediate languages-ancestors of the standard Turkic group (Oguz, ‘Kyrgyz’, Altai, Karluk, Toba, Kypchak). The study draws into consideration not only the plural affix *-lar, but in general inflectional and derivational affixes starting with *-l. Materials and Methods. Methods of stepwise reconstruction are used simultaneously with morphophonological methods of identifying classes of positions and distribution of classes of allomorphs. Field records of dialects, dialectological publications, both modern ones and those of the 19th century, as well as written monuments were used as research material. Results. Both modern field data and classical sources, with the correct application of the methods of stepwise reconstruction, point that affixal *-l has no alternants in proto-Oghuz, proto-Karluk and proto-Qypchaq. All instances of alternation in modern idioms like dialectal Bashkir, dialectal Kazakh, ‘Qyrghyz’ languages, Yakut-Dolghan and Toba languages are to be classified as recent areal innovation. This is deduced due to the nature of morphophonological rules in these languages — neither is applyable for the proto-Common-Turkic stem auslaut, but instead is limited to forms that are specific to each separate group in question.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Ethnic Tradition Transfer among Belorussian Peasant Settlers in Siberia and Russia’s Far East from 1850 to the Present

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-402
Author(s):  
Roman Yu. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Far East ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article examines how the transfer of ethnic traditions among Belorussian peasant settlers in Asian Russia to their descendants has evolved since 1850. Based on field data collected from different generations of Belorussian settlers born during the 20th century, the study indicates that the mechanism of this transfer went through three very distinct phases. From the second half of the 19th century until the 1920s, the children of Belorussian settlers adopted the ethnic identity and traditions of their parents, much like their forefathers back home. During the Soviet era, i.e., from the early 1920s until the late 1980s, the state sought to replace Belorussian customs and conventions among the settlers children with its own homogenous, socialist modernity. After the USSRs collapse in 1991, the growing influence of mass media and more contemporary socio-cultural processes began to influence how ethnic traditions were transferred to the young. All three periods left their imprint on the outlook of the descendants of Belorussian settlers today. This is largely the result of the fact that practical knowledge and skills change more rapidly than deeper values and beliefs.

scholarly journals NO DEATH, OR EX TENEBRIS LUX: APOTHATIC TRADITION IN APOLLON MAYKOV’S WORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (78) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
M.A. Dudareva ◽  
◽  
V.V. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Persian Poetry ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Global Art ◽  
Black Color

The research object is an apothaticism as a phenomenon of global art culture. The research subject is an apothatic tradition related to the collision between the day and evening light, images-codes “darkness” and “light”. The research material is based on the poetry by Apollon Maykov, and this year it would be 200 years since his birth. A hermeneutic reconstruction applies to the ethos of life and death, a mythologeme of timelessness in the later poetry of the poet, representing the direction of “pure art” in the literature of the 19th century. Much attention is paid to the poem “Ex tenebris lux”, written ten years before the poet’s death. The research methodology is reduced to a holistic ontohermeneutic analysis aimed at highlighting the apophatic paradigm of this text. Parallels are drawn with Persian poetry, the Sufi tradition, in which black color is significant in its ambivalent expression. In Maykov’s works, black color is associated with the threshold state of a speaker and the way out of liminality. The authors also touch upon Russian folklore, aesthetics and poetics of a fairy tale, in which the “three kingdoms” plot is important in this case. The research results are valuable from the cultural-philosophical positions of understanding the apophaticism of the artistic space of culture, but they can also be used in teaching courses on Russian literature of the 19th century and philosophy.

scholarly journals MILITARY TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
E.E. Voloshina
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

On the basis of the sources and research material, an attempt was made to characterize and evaluate the military transformations of the second half of the 19th century in the territory of the Don Army Region. In the course of the reforms, the system of administration of Voisky Don has changed, the service life has been reduced, and the training of officers has been improved. The military reforms carried out contributed to improving the combat capability of the Kazakh troops, although they were limited

scholarly journals THE BEGINNING OF NAIB BAISUNGUR’S ACTIVITY IN PEOPLE’S LIBERATION STRUGGLE IN DAGESTAN AND CHECHNYA IN THE 19th CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Yu U Dadaev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Liberation Struggle ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article covers the long-term participation of the legendary Naib Baisungur from Benoy in the people’s liberation struggle under the command of Imams Gazimuhammad, Shamil and Sheikh Tashav-Haji from Endirei. Basing on archival documents, published sources and field data collected by the author and Chechen researchers in the mountains of Dagestan and Chechnya for the last 30 years, the author analyzes military talent, unfailing courage, bravery, organizational skills, kind and noble human qualities of the leader of the mountaineers Naib Baisungur from Benoy. The author emphasizes that Baisungur participated in the people’s liberation struggle under the leadership of the first Imam Gazimuhammad until September 1832, the second Imam Gamzatbek until September 1834, Sheikh Tashav-Haji until 1843 and under the leadership of Imam Shamil until August 1859. After Shamil’s captivity, from the end of 1859 till February 1861 he continued to lead the liberation struggle of the mountaineers. Among all Imam Shamil’s companions (naibs, murids, muftis, kadis, teachers) Baisungur from Benoy held a specific place, he supported and helped Shamil for more than 30 years. He took an active part in the formation and development of the Imamate state at all stages of its construction. For thirty years Baisungur headed the Benoy society, he was the chief of the Benoy society, the naib of Imam Shamil, he participated in many battles against the tsarist troops. In these battles he lost an eye, an arm and a leg. Baisungur overcame all imaginable hardships of the cruel war, and he always remained a living example of unfailing courage and bravery for all Dagestan and Chechen people. He was a particularly bright person, he enjoyed great respect and authority from Imams Gazimuhammad, Shamil, Gamzatbek, many companions of the Imams, and the peoples of Dagestan and Chechnya. The tsarist officers and generals admired him. This is evidenced by many field data, folk songs, legends, stories of old residents, folk sayings in the Chechen, Avar, Kumyk and other languages collected by the author in the villages of Dagestan and Chechnya.

scholarly journals GENESIS OF PRINTED ADVERTISEMENTS AS A SPECIFIC GENRE (CASE STUDY OF XVIII–XX CENTURY RUSSIAN NEWSPAPERS)

2018 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Separate Group ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Main Factor

The paper features the genesis of printed advertisements as a specific genre with Russian newspapers as its main source. The  research is focused on the historical period from early 18 to early 20  century. The article traces the gradual separation of the genres of  advertisements and announcements in the course of the centuries. It points out and describes the key periods in the development of the  genre: mid 18th century, 1840s, late 19 – early 20, 1930s. The  article contains special linguistic and graphic features of  advertisements and explains various language and psychological  manipulation means, which appeared in the 19th century in Russian  newspapers and are still used in the modern advertising. According  to the article, the main factor in identification of advertisements as a  separate group from announcements is the intention to influence  on readers’ opinion according to the salesman’s goals. All the  conclusions are confirmed by examples from original sources.

scholarly journals Rec.: Jana Marková, "Religiöse Konzepte im tschechischen nationalen Diskurs (1860–1885)", Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim – Zürich – New York 2016, 371 ss.

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 386-395
Author(s):  
Szymon Pawlas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Discourse ◽  
National Theatre ◽  
Research Material ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Foundation Stone

Review: Jana Marková, Religiöse Konzepte im tschechischen nationalen Diskurs (1860–1885), Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim – Zürich – New York 2016, 371 pp.The article reviews a book, which analyzes a portion of Czech national discourse of the second half of the 19th century, looking into the vocabulary it used to express concepts characteristic of the discourse of religion. The research material is constituted by the Czech texts from the period, concerning mostly two events of great importance to the Czech national movement. One of the events was the 1868 laying of the foundation stone for the National Theatre in Prague; the other – the 1873 centennial of the lexicographer, writer and linguist Josef Jungmann. Rec.: Jana Marková, Religiöse Konzepte im tschechischen nationalen Diskurs (1860–1885), Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim – Zürich – New York 2016, 371 ss.Artykuł stanowi recenzję książki, w której przedstawiono analizę tekstów będących częścią czeskiego dyskursu narodowego drugiej połowy XIX wieku pod kątem zawartego w nim słownictwa, które wyraża pojęcia charakterystyczne dla dyskursu religijnego. Materiału badawczego dostarczają pochodzące z epoki czeskojęzyczne teksty, które dotyczą głównie dwóch wydarzeń o doniosłym znaczeniu dla czeskiego ruchu narodowego. Pierwszym z nich jest uroczyście obchodzona ceremonia położenia w 1868 roku kamienia węgielnego pod budowę gmachu Teatru Narodowego w Pradze, drugim – przypadający w 1873 roku jubileusz stulecia urodzin leksykografa, pisarza i językoznawcy Josefa Jungmanna.

scholarly journals THE CHILD-BEASTIN THE CONTEXT OF THE MILITARY SATIRE OF S. MARSHAK («YONG FRITZ, OR EXAM FOR THE “BEASTNESS” CERTIFICATE»)

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Оксана Анатольевна Кравченко ◽  
Даниил Леонидович Рясов
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Research Material ◽  
German Child ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

Введение. На примере сатирического творчества С. Маршака военных лет исследуются проблемы формирования советской детской литературы 1920–1940-х гг. Актуальность исследования определяется разработкой проблематики «зверости» как ключевой метафоры идеологического воздействия на человека. Содержание статьи – анализ поэтических средств создания образа героя, изучение его генезиса и специфики выразительных средств. Цель – исследование приемов сатирического изображения ребенка-фашиста в творчестве Маршака периода Великой Отечественной войны. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования является комплекс текстов Маршака о «Юном Фрице». Указанные тексты и вопрос о генезисе их поэтики до настоящего времени не привлекали специального внимания литературоведов. Используются аналитико-описательный, культурно-исторический, герменевтический методы. Сопоставление текстов с видеорядом карикатур и кино основано на методологии интермедиального анализа. Результаты исследования. Изучение стихотворения Маршака 1941 г. «Юный Фриц, или Экзамен на аттестат “зверости”» показывает, что наглядно продемонстрированное в тексте «дурное воспитание» становится главным объектом сатиры писателя, реализованной не только в указанном стихотворении, но и в созданных на его основе произведениях других видов искусства. Отмечены традиции негативного изображения ребенка-немца в книге М. Салтыкова-Щедрина «За рубежом», ряда текстов немецких авторов второй половины XIX в. Заключение. Избранная Маршаком сатирическая стратегия изображения врага оказывается многонаправленной: поэт показал, сколь опасны педагогические достижения в моделировании человека определенного типа. Introduction. The article examines the problems of the formation of Soviet children’s literature of the 1920s-1940s using the example of the satirical works of S. Marshak of the war years. The relevance of the research is determined by the development of the problem of «beastness» as a key metaphor for the ideological impact on a person. The content of the article is an analysis of the poetic means of creating the image of hero, the study of its genesis and the specifics of expressive means. The aim is to study the techniques of satirical depiction of a fascist child in the works of Marshak during the Great Patriotic War. Material and methods. The research material is a complex of texts by Marshak about «Young Fritz». The mentioned texts and the question of the genesis of their poetics have not attracted special attention of literary critics until now. Analytical-descriptive, cultural-historical, hermeneutic methods are used. Comparison of texts with video sequences of cartoons and films is based on the methodology of intermedia analysis. Results and discussion. The study of Marshak’s 1941 poem «Young Fritz, or the exam for the “beastness” certificate» shows that the «bad upbringing» clearly demonstrated in the text becomes the main object of the writer’s satire, realized not only in this poem, but also in works of other types of art created on its basis. Traditions of a negative image of a German child in the book of M. Saltykov-Shchedrin “Zarubezhom”, a number of texts by German authors of the second half of the 19th century are noted. Conclusion. The satirical strategy of depicting the enemy chosen by Marshak turns out to be multidirectional: the poet showed how dangerous pedagogical achievements in modeling a person of a certain type are.

scholarly journals “Russian people” in the literature and documents of the 19th century: an experience of linguistic portraiture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
L. N. Sahakyan ◽  
O. I. Severskaya
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Documentary Literature ◽  
National Corpus

The article describes the ideologeme “Russian people” and its use in the texts of fiction and documentary literature of the 19th century. The authors explored both the socio-political concept “'Russian people” and its verbalization in Russian. The research material included examples from the Russian National Corpus, which were analysed using corpus, content-analytical and cognitive methods. This research aims to identify and to characterise the con­cept “Russian people”. The authors argue that it was in the 19th century that the concept “Russian people” evolved into a term and the image of Russian people was mythologized. The authors concluded that the concept “Russian people” is composed of two parts — ‘ordinary people’ and ‘society’. The latter behaves in a fatherly way, taking upon itself the mission of enlightenment of ordinary people and their liberation. In the semantic field “Russian people” there are numerous semantic components directly related to the concept analysed: faith, faith­fulness, patience, tolerance, understanding, receptivity, openness, simple-mindedness, juve­nility, etc. The authors consider the moral and intellectual qualities of Russian people, which are dialectical and ambivalent. The authors explore these characteristics of Russian people from the standpoint of the dichotomy own vs. alien. The analysis shows that after the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the image of Russian people undergoes significant changes under the in­fluence of social processes.

Grammatical Descriptions in Manchu Grammar Books from the Qing Dynasty

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Takashi Takekoshi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this paper, we analyse features of the grammatical descriptions in Manchu grammar books from the Qing Dynasty. Manchu grammar books exemplify how Chinese scholars gave Chinese names to grammatical concepts in Manchu such as case, conjugation, and derivation which exist in agglutinating languages but not in isolating languages. A thorough examination reveals that Chinese scholarly understanding of Manchu grammar at the time had attained a high degree of sophistication. We conclude that the reason they did not apply modern grammatical concepts until the end of the 19th century was not a lack of ability but because the object of their grammatical descriptions was Chinese, a typical isolating language.

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