scholarly journals Модели элементарных простых предложений со структурной схемой (S) + NAcc + VF в обобщенно-личных пословицах башкирского языка (на материале фольклорного корпуса)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-846
Author(s):  
Zinnur A. Sirazitdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Structural Scheme ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Impact Data ◽  
Colloquial Speech

Introduction. Modern philological science associates with structural-semantic approaches to the study of linguistic phenomena. But so far, the structural-semantic study of Bashkir proverbs based on the entire corpus, as well as the identification of the final types of models has not been undertaken. The purpose of this article is to study models of elementary simple sentences of the structural type (S) + NAcc + VF. This type, with an object in the accusative case, is the most frequent one; the accusative in the Bashkir language is a grammatical means of formalizing the actant as an object of direct immediate impact. Data and methods. Generalized personal proverbs selected from the folklore database of the Machine Corpus of the Bashkir language were used as the research material. The proverb corpus contains 354 proverbial expressions representing generalized personal sentences, i.e., 73.5 percent of the total number of one-part verb proverbs. The research method consisted in isolating an elementary simple sentence, which includes a predicate and obligatory actants; the author draws here on the work of Novosibirsk syntax students. The syntactic model is understood as the content plane of an elementary simple sentence, which is determined by its proposition. The structural diagram represents the expression plane of an elementary simple sentence. At this stage, the study focuses on proverbs with simple finite verbs. Results. The study shows that 8 models are implemented within the structural scheme (S) + NAcc + VF. Of these the model of physical impact on the object [(S) + NPatAcc + VActf] is the most frequent one, 62 proverbial expressions have been identified for this model. Each model of the structure in question is characterized by its inherent set of semantic roles and typical meaning, while in most cases, object actants act in the form of a certain accusative. Conclusions. The syntactic features characteristic of the construction of this type of proverbial expressions are likely to occur in modern literary language and colloquial speech with a more complex syntactic structure.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ERROR IN WRITING SIMPLE SENTENCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Budi Nugraha Hidayat ◽  
Maryani Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Irregular Verbs ◽  
Simple Sentences

Language is needed whether it is written or spoken. Language is very necessary for people as a mean of communication. The objective of this research was to analyze the students’ ability in writing simple sentences in past tense. This research used qualitaive research and the data were analyzed to investigate the second year of students’ ability in writing English simple sentences. The participant of this research was consisted of 32 students. Data analysis shows that 27.81% the students have difficulties in structure English simple sentence in past tense. Furthermore 38.12% the students have difficulties using regular verbs in past tense, whereas 71.8% the students have difficulties using irregural verbs in past tense. Over all, the students’ ability in writing English simple sentence in past tense can be considered in medium level. This is due to their confusion in using verb (regular verbs and irregular verbs).

scholarly journals Exploring Sentence Diversity at the Boundary of Typical and Impaired Language Abilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3236-3251
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Archival Database ◽  
Simple Sentences

Purpose This review article summarizes programmatic research on sentence diversity in toddlers developing language typically and explores developmental patterns of sentence diversity in toddlers at risk for specific language impairment. Method The first half of this review article presents a sentence-focused approach to language assessment and intervention and reviews findings from empirical studies of sentence diversity. In the second half, subject and verb diversity in three simple sentence types are explored in an archival database of toddlers with varying levels of grammatical outcomes at 36 months of age: low average, mild/moderate delay, and severe delay. Results Descriptive findings from the archival database replicated previous developmental patterns. All toddlers with low-average language abilities produced diverse simple sentences by 30 months of age and exhibited greater sentence diversity with first-person I -subjects before third-person subjects. Third-person subject diversity emerged in a developmental sequence, increasing in one-argument copula contexts and one-argument subject–verb sentences before two-argument subject–verb–object sentences. This developmental pattern held across all three outcome groups. Third-person subjects were least diverse for children with severe grammatical delays and were absent in all sentence contexts for two children with severe delays at 36 months. Conclusions Sentence diversity increases gradually and expands in predictable patterns. Understanding these developmental patterns may help identify and treat children who display unexpected difficulty combining different subjects and verbs in flexible ways. Supplemental Material and Presentation Video https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12915320

scholarly journals The aphoristic character of Taras Melnychuk’s poetry: the stylistic and syntactic aspect

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Multicomponent Complex ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
The Individual

The article reveals the individual stylistic features of T. Melnychuk’s poetic language as represented in their semantic and syntactic organisation and stylistic functions. The task was to study the semantics of the aphorisms, their syntactic structure and stylistic means and to identify the compositional functions. According to the degree of the semantic dominant expression, the aphorisms of the analysed poetry are figurative and concentrate around the themes and motifs that have to do with Ukraine, its history, the destiny of the poet himself, with moral and ethical issues, with eternal values. The comprehensiveness of the aphoristic character of the analised poems is proved. T. Melnychuk’s aphoristic expressions are established to correlate with various syntactic constructions: from a simple sentence to overphrase unities. The registered poetic aphorisms are mostly equivalent to complex sentences of minimum structure with adverbial clauses of condition or cause as well as attributive clauses etc. The aphorisms are also represented by multicomponent complex sentences and coordinate constructions (the latter have mainly comparative-contrastive relations between the predicative parts) and, more seldom, by asyndetic sentences. Prevalence of the aphorisms equivalent to composite sentences and overphrase unities can be explained by their being not only sense-making but also compositional components of T. Melnychuk’s poems. There are whole strophes or poems of aphoristic character. T. Melnychuk’s aphoristics is characterised by folkloristic nature, by tending to maxims. The aphoristic character is based on paradoxical features and is created by various oppositions, repetitions, negation, chiasmus, is supported by rhyming.

scholarly journals Secondary Nominal Predication in Non-elementary Simple Sentence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Андрей Пантелеев ◽  
Andrey Panteleev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Procedural Semantics ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Secondary Predicates ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Secondary Predication

This monograph is devoted to the study of the functioning of concrete and abstract nouns as bearers of secondary predication and proposition in the folded non-elementary simple sentences in the Russian language. At the level of non-elementary simple sentences, there are specific means of updating the procedural semantics of specific nouns, specific ways of language representation of functional-semantic categories of personality, temporality and taxis. A high degree of compression of the statements suggests a closer relationship to secondary predicates with context and background knowledge speaking

scholarly journals Effects of semantic and syntactic complexities and aspectual class on past tense production

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
Ayumi Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Topic Time ◽  
Simple Sentences

This paper reports results from a series of experiments that investigated whether semantic and/or syntactic complexity influences young Dutch children’s production of past tense forms. The constructions used in the three experiments were (i) simple sentences (the Simple Sentence Experiment), (ii) complex sentences with CP complements (the Complement Clause Experiment) and (iii) complex sentences with relative clauses (the Relative Clause Experiment). The stimuli involved both atelic and telic predicates. The goal of this paper is to address the following questions. Q1. Does semantic complexity regarding temporal anchoring influence the types of errors that children make in the experiments? For example, do children make certain types of errors when a past tense has to be anchored to the Utterance Time (UT), as compared to when it has to be anchored to the matrix topic time (TT)? Q2. Do different syntactic positions influence children’s performance on past-tense production? Do children perform better in the Simple Sentence Experiment compared to complex sentences involving two finite clauses (the Complement Clause Experiment and the Relative Clause Experiment)? In complex sentence trials, do children perform differently when the CPs are complements vs. when the CPs are adjunct clauses? (Lebeaux 1990, 2000) Q3. Do Dutch children make more errors with certain types of predicate (such as atelic predicates)? Alternatively, do children produce a certain type of error with a certain type of predicates (such as producing a perfect aspect with punctual predicates)? Bronckart and Sinclair (1973), for example, found that until the age of 6, French children showed a tendency to use passé composé with perfective events and simple present with imperfective events; we will investigate whether or not the equivalent of this is observed in Dutch.  

scholarly journals KONTRUKSI KALIMAT SINGKAT BAHASA SUNDA (Kajian Struktur dan Makna Kalimat dalam Majalah Manglẻ)

LOKABASA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
WIWIN SETIAWATI ◽  
YAYAT SUDARYAT
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Data Card ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Research Technique ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Elemental Analysis Technique

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan kalimat singkat dalam majalah Manglé. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik studi pustaka dengan instrumen kartu data. Untuk mengolah data digunakan teknik analisis unsur langsung. Hasil penelitian menemkan 706 kalimat singkat yang frekuensi pemakaiannya sebanyak 2028 kalimat. Ditemukan enam tipe kalimat singkat, yakni kalimat salam, kalimat seruan, kalimat panggilan, kalimat judul, kalimat motto, dan kalimat inkripsi. Kalimah singkat memiliki pola tertentu, yakni A : Kal Sal  P + S + K; B : Kal Seru  S + P; C : Kal Pangg  Kata Seru; D : Kal Jud  S + O; E : Kal Mot  FP/FS Koor; F : Kal Ins  FB N + FB Mod. Kalimat singkat mengandung sepuluh makna, yakni rasa syukur, ucapan selamat, seruan pengganti dan nama diri, rasa sakit, marah, menerima, kaget, pernyataan, pedoman, dan cita-cita. This study was to identify and to describe simple sentences in Manglé magazine. This study used a descriptive method. The data were collected through library research technique with data card instrument. The data processing employed direct elemental analysis technique. The research found 706 sentences with the use frequency of 2028 sentences. This study found six types of simple sentences. They are the greetings, appeals, callings, titles, motto, and encryptions. A simple sentence has a certain pattern, namely A : Kal Sal  P + S + K; B : Kal Seru  S + P; C : Kal Pangg  Kata Seru; D : Kal Jud  S + O; E : Kal Mot  FP/FS Koor; F : Kal Ins  FB N + FB Mod. The simple sentence contains ten meanings: gratitude, congratulations, calling for a replacement, and the name of self, pain, anger, acceptance, surprise, statements, guidance, and ideals.

scholarly journals A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES IN ENGLISH AND JAVANESE LANGUAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriyani Fitriyani ◽  
D.P. Ramendra ◽  
I.W. Swandana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Verb Phrase ◽  
Auxiliary Verbs ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
English Textbooks ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Action Verbs

This research studied about English and Javanese simple sentences which aimed to find the similarities and differences between English simple sentences and Javanese language. This study is descriptive qualitative research that applied contrastive analysis as the methodology. The data were taken from English textbooks and Javanese magazines. The results of this study showed there were similarities and differences in English and Javanese language simple sentences. The similarities were (1) some of simple sentence have similar patterns were SP for verbal sentence and SPO patterns. (2) the major elements were subject and predicator. The differences were (1) Javanese language had SP pattern for nominal, adjectival, prepositional, and numeral sentence. While in English there was no pattern. (2) In English, predicator must be in verb phrase: auxiliary verbs, linking verbs, or action verbs. However, In Javanese language, the predicator of a sentence might be in verb phrase, adjectival phrase, and prepositional phrase.

scholarly journals Syntactic Structure Analysis on Deaf Student of Brawijaya University

PARADIGM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Finda Muftihatun Najihah
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Narrative Writing ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Deaf Students ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Compound Sentence ◽  
Moderate Hearing Loss

This paper is aimed to investigate the syntactic structure of deaf students of Brawijaya Universirty. Syntactic structure which focuses on this discussion is the ability to recognize the sentence structure produced by deaf students. This study basically focuses on the language produced by deaf students of Brawijaya University in form of narrative writing. The narrative writing is written in Indonesian language. I chose Indonesian language as the language recourse, because the primary language of deaf students is Indonesian.This study uses descriptive qualitative research because this research basically aimed at describing the data in the form written text. The participant of this research is five deaf students who are classified into mild and moderate hearing loss. In term of analyzing the data, we concern on the three aspects of sentence structure. Those are: types of sentence, the presence of Subject and Verb in a sentence and the presence of Object for transitive verb.The finding indicates that the deaf students of Brawijaya University are able to write both simple sentences and compound sentence. They are also capable to write transitive verb which is followed by the object well. Yet, they are less in writing the passive voice form. Moreover, the data shows that different time durations of writing create a different number of words produced by them. Different deaf classification can provide different significance to a number of sentences produced by them.

scholarly journals The Use of Visual Media in Teaching Writing

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Iranada Laraswati
Keyword(s):  
Writing Process ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Teaching Writing ◽  
English Teacher ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Simple Sentences ◽  
Interview Questionnaire

Writing is the difficult skill in learning English. To make students get the idea in writing easily the teacher should be creative and innovative. The Application of visual media can help students get idea easily. This research aimed at knowing the application of visual media and the students’ responses in teaching writing to eleventh grade students of SMAMuhammadiyah Kediri.This qualitative research took place in SMAMuhammadiyah Kediri. The subject of this research was the eleventh grade students that consist of 17 male and 15 female students. In order to collect the data , observation, interview, questionnaire and the documentation were used. The application of visual media helped the students write easily. The teacher applied visual media to help the students write good sentences.The theme of the material is narrative  text and the teacher applied picture series. The activity was  devided into three steps (pre,whilst,post) start from make a simple sentence based on the picture series then compose a paragraph based on the simple sentences. By using visual media application in teaching writing the students gave good responses. They paid attention to the teacher’s explanation very well anddidthe task one by one. The students got more vocabulary, creativity in writing process. It deals with 67.76% students answered yes and 32.24% students answered no. It can be concluded that visual media application in teaching writing helps the students write easily as it helps the students to be more creative in finding the ideas and developing vocabulary. So it is suggested to the English teacher to improve the material, use this media in teaching other skills and. For the further researcher it is hoped that this research can give more information and contribution in conducting similar topic of discussion. 

scholarly journals STYLISTIC POTENTIAL OF GERMAN SYNTAX

2013 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
L. V. Fadeeva
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Block Structures ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Normative Sentence ◽  
German Syntax

The article deals with the stylistic potential of German syntactic means, their expressive–stylistic and functional–stylistic features. The study sets out to reveal the expressive syntactic means. Disorder of a proper sentence structure makes its expressiveness. In contrast to a «syntactic tension», the article analyses a «syntactic loosening» of a normative sentence structure as a current trend in German syntax, as a source of syntactic expressiveness and the most productive instrument of simplification of a sentence structure. Thus, it assimilates to the structure of the everyday language. Syntactic «loosening» of a normative sentence structure is formed by a simple hypotaxis, a failure of closed–in constructions and a lack of grammatical agreement among sentence parts. The study is carried out in the context of historical dynamics. The renunciation of a difficult multi-stage hypotaxis but using of a simple sentence as block structures leads to expression saving and easily understanding. Each of the blocks has a large amount of information. Parts of the sentence are in the same line and are united with nominal juxtaposition. Their development is closely related to the nominalization trend. The influence of colloquial speech on the literary German and its written form, closing to natural speech lead to the renunciation of closed–in constructions. The author proves that the removal of grammatical structures isn't new for the modern literary German, but it presents the perfectly sound tendency. As a result of this study, there is a conclusion that the modification of the grammatical structure isn't the result of an abrupt shift or radical turn but it is a natural continuation of a dynamic process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document