scholarly journals On the treatment of super-heavy syllables in Arabic Dialects: an Optimality Theoretic approach to historical typology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 33-67
Author(s):  
Hassan Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Difference ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Arabic Dialects

This study provides a historical typological Optimality Theoretic analysis of the treatment of potential super-heavy syllables in six Arabic varieties: Hijazi, Egyptian, Emirati, Kuwaiti, Algerian, and Palestinian. The analysis in this study uses the same violable OT constraints for all languages, and the differences between the grammars are represented by the order in which the constraints are ranked relative to one another. The similarities and differences between these varieties are examined from the point of view of one approach to historical OT (Cho 1998), which states that individual pairs of constraints may be ranked or unranked in relation to one another, one operation at a time, meaning that switching the order of two constraints takes two steps historically. According to Cho (1998, 45), “each step of a sound change should be viewed as a change in the ranking of constraints.” Cho’s approach in detecting the historical typological differences between varieties by counting the steps of constraint reranking is compatible with a common approach to historical linguistics. Specifically, Wichmann et al. (2010) provide a quantitative method for determining the geographic homeland of a group of related languages, which takes into account a simple linguistic-difference metric and the geographic distance between the languages. Using constraint reranking in place of Wichmann et al.’s linguistic-difference metric to calculate the homeland of Arabic dialects results in an area around Hijaz as the homeland of Arabic dialects, since Hijazi, Egyptian and Emirati dialects form a cluster of geographically close, but linguistically diverse dialects.

scholarly journals A game theoretic approach reveals that discretizing clinical information can reduce antibiotic misuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Diamant ◽  
Shoham Baruch ◽  
Eias Kassem ◽  
Khitam Muhsen ◽  
Dov Samet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Social Optimum ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Game Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Optimal Output ◽  
The Social ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Game Theoretic Approach

AbstractThe overuse of antibiotics is exacerbating the antibiotic resistance crisis. Since this problem is a classic common-goods dilemma, it naturally lends itself to a game-theoretic analysis. Hence, we designed a model wherein physicians weigh whether antibiotics should be prescribed, given that antibiotic usage depletes its future effectiveness. The physicians’ decisions rely on the probability of a bacterial infection before definitive laboratory results are available. We show that the physicians’ equilibrium decision rule of antibiotic prescription is not socially optimal. However, we prove that discretizing the information provided to physicians can mitigate the gap between their equilibrium decisions and the social optimum of antibiotic prescription. Despite this problem’s complexity, the effectiveness of the discretization solely depends on the type of information available to the physician to determine the nature of infection. This is demonstrated on theoretic distributions and a clinical dataset. Our results provide a game-theory based guide for optimal output of current and future decision support systems of antibiotic prescription.

STOCHASTIC FIELD THEORY AND RENORMALIZATION GROUP APPROACH TO CRITICAL BEHAVIORS IN THERMO FIELD DYNAMICS

1989 ◽  
Vol 04 (09) ◽  
pp. 2185-2210
Author(s):  
B. BHATTACHARYA
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Finite Temperature ◽  
Internal Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Stochastic Field ◽  
Stochastic Fields ◽  
Renormalization Group Approach

We have studied here the critical behaviors in a simple model from the point of view of the renormalization group at finite temperature utilizing the Stochastic field theoretic approach towards a finite temperature field theory. To this end, thermofield dynamics has been formulated in terms of Stochastic fields in the external and internal space and the thermal average of the two-point correlation function of the internal field functions is related with the order parameter. The thermodynamical functions and the critical phenomena are then studied constructing the generating functionals involving Stochastic fields.

Translator and translation research: general descriptions of concepts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darian Jancowicz-Pitel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Research ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Third ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Translation Errors ◽  
Multiple Languages

The presented paper aimed for exploring the translation process, a translator or interpreter needs equipment or tools so that the objectives of a translation can be achieved. If an interpreter needs a pencil, paper, headphones, and a mic, then an interpreter needs even more tools. The tools required include conventional and modern tools. Meanwhile, the approach needed in research on translation is qualitative and quantitative, depending on the research objectives. If you want to find a correlation between a translator's translation experience with the quality or type of translation errors, a quantitative method is needed. Also, this method is very appropriate to be used in research in the scope of teaching translation, for example from the student's point of view, their level of intelligence regarding the quality or translation errors. While the next method is used if the research contains translation errors, procedures, etc., it is more appropriate to use qualitative methods. Seeing this fact, these part-time translators can switch to the third type of translator, namely free translators. This is because there is an awareness that they can live by translation. These translators set up their translation efforts that involve multiple languages.

scholarly journals UTTERANCE NOMINALIZATION PECULIARITIES BY MEANS OF PERSON NAMES IN THE ENGLISH AND TATAR LANGUAGES

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Эльмира Рафаилевна Ибрагимова
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Person Pronoun ◽  
Peripheral Type ◽  
Autonomous Functioning ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Colloquial Speech

В данной статье анализируются высказывания из национальных лингвистических корпусов татарского и английского языков с точки зрения возможности их номинализации посредством наименований лица, включенных в состав данных высказываний. Рассмотрены как традиционно выделяемые типы номинализации - события, факта, пропозиции, так и номинализация посредством наименования лица как периферийный тип. Установлено, что как английское, так и татарское номинативное предложение не выполняет по отношению к называемому одушевленному лицу функции субституции и конкретное наименование лица, выражая признак, обладает лишь предикативной референцией. Выявлены сходства и различия в функционировании наименований лица как средства номинализации в английских и татарских высказываниях. Сделаны выводы о том, что в английском языке автономное функционирование наименования лица как отдельного предложения возможно только в разговорной речи. В стилистически нейтральных высказываниях английского языка всегда имеет место глагол. В татарском языке оценка может выражаться как наименованием лица, так и прилагательным. В обоих языках достаточно частотными являются наименования лица, образованные от имен прилагательных путем инверсии. И в английском, и в татарском языках исследуемые примеры довольно часто содержат сопровождающее местоимение второго лица. This article analyzes the statements from the national linguistic corpus of the Tatar and English languages from the point of view of their nominalization potential by means of the person names in these above-mentioned statements. The author considered both the traditionally distinguished types of nominalization (events, facts, propositions) and nominalization by the person name as a peripheral type. It has been established that both the English and Tatar nominative sentences do not fulfill the function of substitution in relation to the named animate person, and the specific person name expressing the feature has only a predicative reference. The similarities and differences in the functioning of the person names as the means of nominalization in English and Tatar expressions have been revealed. The author concluded that in English the autonomous functioning of the person name as a separate sentence is possible only in colloquial speech. In stylistically neutral expressions of the English language, a verb always occurs. In the Tatar language, the assessment can be expressed both by the person name and by the adjective. In both languages, the person names formed from adjectives by means of inversion are quite frequent. In both the English and Tatar languages, the studied examples quite often contain an accompanying second person pronoun

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGY: METHODS, PRINCIPLES

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-524
Author(s):  
S. Rysbaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Folk Pedagogy ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Traditional Pedagogy ◽  
Scientific Pedagogy

The article considers the similarities between the methods and principles of Kyrgyz folk pedagogy and scientific pedagogy. The author explains these categories from a scientific and popular point of view. A number of similarities and differences were described and compared in the article. Public education does not exclude the basic principles of modern traditional pedagogy. On the contrary, scientific pedagogy does exclude the principles of folk pedagogy. In other words, scientific pedagogy is enriched by the procedures of national pedagogy. Folk methods explain scenes from fairy tales and their plots. The effectiveness of public education is determined by its advantages in educating the younger generation.

scholarly journals Exceptional Arabic Diminutive Forms of Nouns with [aa]: An Optimality-Theoretic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Albatool Mohammed Abalkheel
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Syllable Weight ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Arabic Dialects

Most diminutive forms in Arabic adhere in their derivation to certain simple phonological and morphological processes without any complications. However, there are exceptions to be found, including diminutive forms of nouns with [aa] in which the segment [w] surfaces. Using Optimality Theory (OT) as a framework and using syllable weight as a base of analysis, this study aims to provide an accurate explanation of such phenomena. This work will show that the root of words with [w] is not simply biconsonantal with an emphatic segment (i.e., [w]) inserted to fill the empty onset. Instead, the root is triconsonantal in which [w] is an essential segment. It also reveals that syllable-weight constraint is inviolable in Arabic dialects.

THEMATIC AND IDEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE STORIES OF Zh. NAZHIMEDENOVA

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
R.K. Zhetybai ◽  
◽  
Sh.A. Saparova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Art World ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Good Rating

The article comprehensively analyzes the stories of Zhumeken Nazhimedenov “Солай, ұлым”, “Азамат ауылы”, “Көне жұрт”, “Бақсы”, “Оркиік”. The analysis of the plot is carried out from the point of view of the author's process, from the point of view of the artistic structure. There are thematic features and ideological features. There is also an overview of the literary processes of the 60-80s. It is analyzed from the point of view of content and form, and an overview of the art world is made. Current ideas are discussed and topics are classified according to the literary classification. The relevance of the article is to analyze the thematic and ideological features of conversations that are not analyzed in the prose of past eras, to identify the main topics and current ideas of that era, to compare the advantages and disadvantages of stories of that period. Comparing the topics raised in the stories of Zhumeken Nazhimedenov, we can give an example of the main themes and main ideas of the stories of prose writers who received a good rating in their period, such as Sh.Murtaza, S. Muratbekov, A. Suleimenov, written in the 1960s and 1980s. He clearly showed their similarities and differences in the works of other writers.

scholarly journals TESTI EPIGRAFICI E SOCIOLINGUISTICA STORICA: LE ‘DEFIXIONES’ SANNITE

2007 ◽  
pp. 29-61
Author(s):  
Marco Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View

This paper aims at distinguishing what pertains to stylistic varieties and what to sociolects in historical linguistics. Several texts in Oscan language containing curses (defixiones), both in enchoric and Greek scripts, have been analyzed, in order to ascertain the efficacy of modern sociolinguistic categories within a traditional diachronic frame. On the grounds of thorough inspection of specific markers, such as the presence of right dislocation, the dropping of final /m/, of anteconsonantal /n/, of final /d/ and of semiconsonantal /j/ in the long diphthong /o:j/, all occurring in the so-called Vibia’s curse, the defixio Vetter 6 is interpreted as a typical product of a low variety of Oscan from the sole diastratic point of view.

scholarly journals Particles Ka(h) of Indonesian and Japanese: Cross Linguistic Study

IZUMI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Maharani Patria Ratna
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Distribution Characteristic ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Linguistic Study ◽  
Free Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Japanese Linguistics ◽  
Indefinite Pronoun

Some languages in the world have particles with their respective functions. One of them is Ka(h) particle which is used both in Indonesian and Japanese. Both are equally used as markers of the question sentence. In Indonesian the ka(h) particle is pronounced "Kah" while in Japanese it is pronounced "Ka.” The purpose of this study is to identify what are the similarities and differences in the use of Ka(h) particles in Indonesian and Japanese. the data is taken by a literature study in Indonesian linguistics and Japanese linguistics. These similarities and differences will be studied through aspects of characteristics, function, location, and intonation. Both particles are enclitic and arbitrary, but only Kah particle has a free distribution characteristic. On the function of point of view, both particles are question marker, but only The Ka particle functioned as a choice marker and indefinite pronoun. The results of this study indicate that in Indonesian the use of Kah particles is always pronounced with rising intonation, whereas in Japanese the "ka" particle can be pronounced with rising or falling intonation. Also both particles can be located in the middle and at the end of the sentence. 

Some Thoughts on the Analysis of Numerical Data

1949 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-231
Author(s):  
L. G. K. Starke
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Traditional Technique ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This paper is the record of an attempt by an ordinary actuary, who entered the profession in days when statistics were but a nugatory ingredient in the examination syllabus, to get a little clearer in his mind about some of the similarities and differences between the traditional technique of the actuary and the methods which have been developed for dealing with statistical material in other fields. It seemed that the result might be of some general interest, and it is from this point of view that the paper is submitted to the Institute.

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