scholarly journals LAUGHTER IN WRITTEN SERBIAN LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 001
Author(s):  
Jordana Marković ◽  
Violeta Stojičić
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Manner Of Articulation

Laughter is an expression of a person's mood. It belongs to the vocal articulation in humans. In literature (and in dictionaries) sometimes this manner of articulation needs to be depicted in words. Different languages have different inventories of sounds which evoke laughter in written language. In this paper, we discuss the inventory of sounds by which laughter is represented in writing in the Serbian language. Data were compiled from published dictionaries and literary works, and some were obtained through a survey. The data were analyzed to compile the inventory of this function and to record spelling practices and nuances in transcribing various forms of laughter (loud, silent, etc.). 

A diachronic corpus-driven study of the expression of possibility in Luganda (Bantu, JE15)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deo Kawalya ◽  
Koen Bostoen ◽  
Gilles-Maurice de Schryver
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Epistemic Possibility ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Language Data

Abstract This article employs a 4-million-word diachronic corpus to examine how the expression of possibility has evolved in Luganda since the 1890s to the present, by focusing on the language’s three main potential markers -yînz-, -sóból- and -andi-, and their historical interaction. It is shown that while the auxiliary -yînz- originally covered the whole modal subdomain of possibility, the auxiliary -sóból- has steadily taken over the more objective categories of dynamic possibility. Currently, -yînz- first and foremost conveys deontic and epistemic possibility. It still prevails in these more subjective modal categories even though the prefix -andi-, a conditional marker in origin, has started to express epistemic possibility since the 1940s, and -sóból- deontic possibility since the 1970s. More generally, this article demonstrates the potential of corpus linguistics for the study of diachronic semantics beyond language comparison. This is an important achievement in Bantu linguistics, where written language data tend to be young.

Some Amharic sources for modern Ethiopian history, 1889–1935

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Garretson
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
New Era ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Printing Presses

Emperor Menelik's reign (1889–1913) opens a new era in the kind of sources that the historian has at his disposal for the analysis of modern Ethiopian history. During his reign printing presses were set up in the country and spurred a gradual growth in the more widespread use of Amharic, not just as the spoken but also the written language of the imperial court. This is not to say that the Gә'әz literary tradition in Ethiopia disappeared altogether, for some chronicles in Gә'әz continued to be written after 1935, often very similar in form and content to those which have survived for the Gondarine and earlier periods of Ethiopian history. However, Menelik's reign, and the official chronicle of it by Gäbrä Sәllase, mark a significant departure, not least because the chronicle was written in Amharic and not in Gә'әz. There are a few earlier published literary works in Amharic, the songs of the kings of the fourteenth century being the most significant, but it should be emphasized that the Gә'әz tradition continued parallel to the Amharic in the form of tarikä nägäst, i.e the history of kings. Some of these are now preserved at the Institute of Ethiopian Studies at Addis Ababa, like the Gondarine tarikä nägäst which belonged to Nәgus Wäldä Giyorgis, the valuable biography of the grandson of Emperor Tewodros (1855–68), Mäšäša, and a published biography of Ras Makonnen.

scholarly journals Talking about writing: What we can learn from conversations between parents and their young children

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH ROBINS ◽  
REBECCA TREIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Symbol Systems ◽  
Language Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Types Of Information

ABSTRACTIn six analyses using the Child Language Data Exchange System known as CHILDES, we explored whether and how parents and their 1.5- to 5-year-old children talk about writing. Parent speech might include information about the similarity between print and speech and about the difference between writing and drawing. Parents could convey similarity between print and speech by using the wordssay,name, andwordto refer to both spoken and written language. Parents could differentiate writing and drawing by making syntactic and semantic distinctions in their discussion of the two symbol systems. Our results indicate that parent speech includes these types of information. However, young children themselves sometimes confuse writing and drawing in their speech.

scholarly journals The Metaphorical Dimensions of VERB-TROUBLE Constructions in a Contrastive Perspective

Initium ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 249-303
Author(s):  
Lajos Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Eine Hohe ◽  
Vast Amount ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Authentic Language ◽  
Qualitative Part

This paper investigates VERB-TROUBLE constructions in German, English, Hungarian and Chinese in a contrastive way. The aim of this study is to present various metaphorical patterns that underlie constructions involving a troublesome situation, and to show cross-linguistic similarities and differences in the conceptualization of actions or states regarding trouble. In order to observe general tendencies with regard to the preferences for certain metaphorical patterns, I use large generic corpora that contain a vast amount of data from both spoken and written language. In the qualitative part of my investigations, I conduct a thorough analysis on idiomatic and non-idiomatic metaphorical expressions collected from authentic language data. With these methods we could gain new insights into the inter- and intralingual variation of VERB-TROUBLE constructions by comparing conceptual metaphors of various complexity. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden VERB-TROUBLE-Konstruktionen im Deutschen, Englischen, Ungarischen und Chinesischen kontrastiv untersucht. Diese Studie setzt sich zum Ziel, verschiedene metaphorische Muster darzustellen, die eine schwierige Situation zum Ausdruck bringen. Gleichzeitig liegt der Schwerpunkt auf dem zwischensprachlichen Vergleich der Konzeptualisierung von Handlungen oder Zuständen, die sich auf Schwierigkeiten beziehen. Um allgemeine Tendenzen im Hinblick auf die Präferenzen für bestimmte Metaphern nachweisen zu können, werden große einsprachige Korpora verwendet, die eine hohe Anzahl an Belegen aus der geschriebenen und der gesprochenen Sprache enthalten. Im qualitativen Teil meiner Untersuchung wird eine umfassende Analyse der idiomatischen und nicht-idiomatischen metaphorischen Ausdrücke durchgeführt, die auf authentischen Sprachdaten basiert. Mithilfe dieser Methoden habe ich neue Erkenntnissebezüglich der inter- und intralingualen Vielfalt von VERB-TROUBLE-Konstruktionen gewonnen, wobei konzeptuelle Metaphern unterschiedlicher Komplexität verglichen wurden.

scholarly journals Aphasia

Linguistics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Salis ◽  
Jessica Obermeyer ◽  
Susan Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Language Deficit ◽  
Wernicke's Aphasia ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Access Problems

Aphasia is a language disorder acquired subsequent to brain damage that affects production and understanding of spoken and written language in varying degrees and patterns associated with the size and site of the lesion (see Symptoms and Neurological Correlates). Written and online examples of aphasic speech are available (see Aphasic Language Data Sets). Brain damage is usually in the left cerebral cortex, with the left temporal and frontal lobes being especially vulnerable (see Symptoms and Neurological Correlates). Profiles of deficits vary in the extent that levels of language, phonology (see Phonemic and Phonetic Characteristics), lexis (see Nouns, Verbs, Closed-Class Words), and syntax (see Sentence Comprehension and Sentence Production) are involved, in varying degrees and patterns, although lexical access problems are found in most types of aphasia. These deficits give rise to problems in connected speech and conversation (see Discourse). Variations in the types of language deficit found in aphasia led to the notion of syndromes and the search for associations between types of language deficits and sites of lesion (see Historical Overviews). Two well-described syndromes are Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia. Broca’s aphasia is characterized by syntactic deficits in output but with relatively retained understanding of language. Most experimental research has been in this type of aphasia. In Wernicke’s aphasia, understanding is impaired and lexical semantics are compromised, whereas syntax is relatively intact. Aphasia is found in all languages (see Across Languages) and in children who have passed the early stages of language development and subsequently have impaired language following brain damage.

scholarly journals Students’ Problems in Semantic Meaning Analysis of Literary Works in English Handbooks

Tamaddun ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Salmia Syarifuddin ◽  
Irmawaty Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Meaning Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Method

English handbooks used in High schools fill with literary works. It is either in poem, prose, or drama. These literary works are human’s creatures both in spoken and written language which fills with implicit meaning beneath the stylistic language used in that literary works. Besides, semantics is a branch of linguistics that studies meaning. This study aimed to find out problems faced by students in the analysis of the semantics meaning of literary works found in English handbooks.  This study applied the qualitative descriptive method. The result showed that the problems faced by students lied beneath the determination of semantics meanings and their types found in words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in literary works.

Analyzing the structure of code-switched written texts

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-143
Author(s):  
Bruno Estigarribia ◽  
Zachary Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Language Mixing ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Language Data

Abstract As more written language data become available, the interest in written language mixing / codeswitching (LM/CS) is increasing (Sebba, Mahootian & Jonsson 2012; Sebba 2013). LM/CS in non-naturalistic (e.g., literary) texts raises issues related to gauging (1) the authenticity and representativity of a textual corpus, and deciding (2) whether categories/mechanisms of spoken LM/CS apply to written LM/CS.1 We focus on Guarani-Spanish LM/CS (Jopara) as represented in the Paraguayan novel Ramona Quebranto (RQ). We apply the framework of Muysken (1997; 2000; 2013), developed as a taxonomy of spoken LM/CS. Our contribution extends its applicability to written LM/CS. We show that Jopara has a mix of insertional and backflagging strategies, with infrequent alternations.

Developing a framework for using E-portfolios as a research and assessment tool

ReCALL ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-young Shin
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Systematic Variation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Situational Contexts ◽  
Language Data ◽  
And Performance

AbstractAs Tarone (1998) stated, an understanding of interlanguage variation in relation to contextual changes has been a key issue in both second language acquisition (SLA) and language assessment (LA) research. Research on interlanguage variation has shown that systematic variation is often evidenced when different phonological and syntactic forms are examined across contexts. Such systematic variation has raised important questions about the distinction between competence and performance, and generalizability of results beyond the research elicitation tasks or test tasks in SLA and LA research. However, most previous studies that have examined this issue are based on cross-sectional data with a focus on between-group differences rather than within-individual differences across different contexts. Such limited data often make it difficult for researchers to understand individual developmental trends in interlanguage as well as to interpret context effects on the learner's spoken and written language data. Electronic (E)-portfolios may address this limitation by serving as a valuable research and assessment tool for collecting and storing an individual learner's language samples obtained across different tasks over time. The technology may also enhance the situational and interactional authenticity of tasks by including multi-media input and constructed response tasks. However, it is not clear how tasks in E-portfolios can be constructed to represent various linguistic and situational contexts, and how they could be systematically evaluated and scored. In that vein, this article addresses a number of limitations of existing E-portfolios as a research and assessment tool, and offers recommendations and suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Językowy obraz duszy w ekfrazach z przełomu XIX i XX wieku na podstawie wybranych wierszy Zofii Gordziałkowskiej

Adeptus ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 102-120
Author(s):  
Lucyna Bagińska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Lexical Field

The linguistic image of the soul in the ekphrases of the late-19th and early-20th century as exemplified by selected poems by Zofia GordziałkowskaThe main objective of the paper is to describe the linguistic image of the soul in ekphrases of the Young Poland period. In this period, literary works were often inspired by the art of painting. The focus is on the poetry of Zofia Gordziałkowska, which was largely motivated by her fascination with the then popular Swedish painter Arnold Böcklin, whose works are populated mainly by characters from the Bible and classical mythology.The reconstruction of the concept of the soul based on the texts is juxtaposed with general language data. For the analysis of the material I use the methodology of structuralism (e.g. tracing the position of the object in the lexical field) and cognitivism (examining the conceptualization of the category and its proliferation). The conclusions of the interdisciplinary examination are connected with symbolism as both an artistic movement within modernism and a philosophy of the turn of the 20th century. Językowy obraz duszy w ekfrazach z przełomu XIX i XX wieku na podstawie wybranych wierszy Zofii GordziałkowskiejCelem rozważań jest ukazanie językowego obrazu duszy zawartego w młodopolskich ekfrazach Zofii Gordziałkowskiej, zafascynowanej popularnym wówczas w Europie malarstwem Szwajcara Arnolda Böcklina. Jego dzieła zaludniają głównie postaci z mitologii antycznej i Biblii.Zrekonstruowanie pojęcia duszy na podstawie tekstów artystycznych i przedstawienie na tle danych zawartych w języku ogólnym doprowadziło do ustalenia różnicy między jego rozumieniem w tych odmianach języka. Analiza materiału z wykorzystaniem głównie metodologii kognitywizmu, dążącej do zbadania konceptualizacji pojęcia, jego profilowania i kategoryzacji, pozwoliła na nietradycyjne odczytanie poezji i wzbogacenie istniejących badań z zakresu lingwistyki kognitywnej. Wnioski z interpretacji wierszy zostały powiązane z symbolizmem jako nurtem artystycznym modernizmu i filozofią przełomu wieku XIX i XX.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document