Construction and validation of a mindful eating scale: A first approximation in the Mexican population / Construcción y validación de una escala de alimentación con atención plena: Una primera aproximación en población mexicana

AbstractWorldwide, mindful-eating (ME) research has gained high relevance on health psychology because of its relationship with psychological dysfunction and eating disorders. However, ME has been scarcely studied in Mexico. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a scale to assess this construct in its positive (ME) and negative connotation (mindless-eating), as well as to examine its psychometric properties in a Mexican population. After designed, the scale was completed by 527 undergraduate students (Mage = 20.8, SD = 2.0), the data with which the exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors that explained 59% of variance: Mindless eating (α = .84) and Emotional eating (α = .68). Subsequently, with 227 undergraduate students (Mage = 20.71 SD = 1.76), the confirmatory factor analysis yielded one-dimensional model with adequate fit indices (X2 = 10.15, p = .33; X2/df = 1.12; CFI = .99; TLI = .98; RMSEA y SRMR = .02) to assess mindless eating. This study represents a first approximation to ME assessment in Mexican population, so it is expected that future research can strengthen the results obtained here.ResumenEn el mundo, el estudio de la alimentación con atención plena (ACAP) ha cobrado gran relevancia en el área de la psicología de la salud, dada su relación con la disfunción psicológica y la patología alimentaria. No obstante, en México la ACAP ha sido escasamente investigada. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar una escala dirigida a evaluar el constructo tanto en su sentido positivo (ACAP) como negativo (alimentación sin atención plena [ASAP]), así como examinar sus propiedades psicométricas en población mexicana. Tras diseñarla, la escala fue completada por 527 estudiantes universitarios (Medad = 20.8, DE = 2.0), datos con los que el análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó dos factores que explicaron 59% de la varianza: Alimentación sin consciencia (α = .84) y Alimentación emocional (α = .68). Posteriormente, en 227 estudiantes universitarios (Medad = 20.71 DE = 1.76), el análisis factorial confirmatorio arrojó un modelo unidimensional, con ajuste adecuado (X2 = 10.15, p = .33; X2/gl = 1.12; CFI = .99; TLI = .98; RMSEA y SRMR = .02), dirigido a evaluar la ASAP. Este estudio representa una primera aproximación a la medición del constructo ACAP en población mexicana, de modo que se espera que futuras investigaciones puedan robustecer los resultados aquí obtenidos.

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Comparison of Unitary and Multidimensional Models of the Whiteley Index in a Nonclinical Sample: Implications for Understanding and Assessing Health Anxiety

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/0889-8391.22.2.87 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 87-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Gordon J. R. Asmundson ◽

Nicholas R. Carleton ◽

Candice V. Bovell ◽

Steven Taylor

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Health Anxiety ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Two Factors ◽

Item Content ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Health anxiety is an important but poorly assessed phenomenon. Manifesting along a continuum, health anxiety is the result of a catastrophic appraisal of somatic sensations and changes as indicative of disease. The Whiteley Index (WI) is one of the most widely used self-report measures for assessing health anxiety both for research and for clinical practice. It generally exhibits excellent and robust psychometric properties for internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity; however, both its item content and its factor structure are matters of debate. Moreover, the measure has rarely been assessed in nonclinical samples. For the present study, a sample of 300 participants from the University of Regina completed the WI. If the latent dimensions identified in factor analysis represent etiologic mechanisms, then the elucidation of the WI’s factor structure may enhance our understanding of health anxiety. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine a robust and reliable item content and factor structure, resulting in a six-item two-factor structure that was invariant across gender. The two factors were denoted Somatic Symptoms/Bodily Preoccupation and Disease Worry/Phobia. Previous factor structure solutions were compared to the factor structure derived from this study by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The newly established item content and factor structure resulted in acceptable fit indices that were statistically superior to those found using the previous factor structure solutions. Implications and directions for assessment of health anxiety and future research are discussed.

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Psychometric Comparison of the Persian Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale and Emotional Eater Questionnaire Among Iranian Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1033284/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sahar Ghafouri ◽

Abbas Abdollahi ◽

Maryam Hagi ◽

Ali Ganbari ◽

Aleiia J.N. Asmundson

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Average Variance ◽

Two Measures ◽

Validity Tests

Abstract Background: The Salzburg Emotional Eating Scale (SEES) and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) are self-reported measures developed to evaluate emotional eating in adults in Western countries. To date, the psychometric properties of the SEES and the EEQ have not been studied among Iranian adults. The aim of the current study is to translate the SEES and the EEQ from English to Persian and examine the psychometric properties of the SEES and EEQ.Method: The sample of this study comprised of 489 Iranian adults who completed the SEES and the EEQ questionnaires online. Results: Findings of face, content, and construct validity tests confirmed that the SEES and the EEQ had acceptable validity and appropriate reliability. The results from confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable goodness-of-fit indices for two measures. Conclusion: Results of Average Variance Extracted, Construct Reliability, and goodness-of-fit indices showed that the SEES was better for evaluating emotional eating among Iranian adults than the EEQ.

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Development and Validation of the Drama Triangle Scale: Are You a Victim, Rescuer, or Persecutor?

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520957696 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626052095769

Author(s):

Andrew Lac ◽

Candice D. Donaldson

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Attachment Styles ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Measurement Instrument ◽

Future Research ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Strongly Connected ◽

Development And Validation

The drama triangle is a theoretical framework to describe and understand the roles (Victim, Rescuer, and Persecutor) that people assume and perpetuate in interpersonal relationships, especially in contexts of “drama” or conflict. The Drama Triangle scale was developed, validated, and psychometrically scrutinized across three independent samples of adults. In Study 1 ( N = 326), the initial pool of items was generated based on reviewing the literature. Exploratory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of Victim (damsel in distress), Rescuer (hero), and Persecutor (villain) roles. In Study 2 ( N = 342), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) produced satisfactory fit indices. In Study 3 ( N = 301), another CFA successfully cross-validated the final set of items. Furthermore, tests of convergent, discriminant, and criterion validities evaluated this scale against previously validated external measures of attachment styles, anxiety, stress, depression, positive emotions, and negative emotions. The drama triangle subscales tended to be associated with non-secure attachment styles and higher anxiety, stress, depression, and negative emotions, but results varied depending on the specific drama subscale. The Victim subscale was most strongly connected with undesirable outcomes, supporting the theoretical premise that Victims receive blame from Persecutors and help from Rescuers. This measurement instrument helps to conceptualize, measure, and understand the drama roles of Victim, Rescuer, and Persecutor that people enact in interpersonal relationships. The scale offers theoretical and applied implications for administration in future research on interpersonal conflict, aggression, violence, and other domains.

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Preliminary Report on the Accountability Scale: A Change and Outcome Measure for Intimate Partner Violence Research

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/088667007782312177 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 515-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Daniela M. Costa ◽

Brittany Canady ◽

Julia C. Babcock

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Readiness To Change ◽

Community Sample ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Two Factors

The current study investigated the reliability of a new self-report questionnaire assessing accountability for the perpetration of intimate partner violence. The Accountability Scale (AS) is a brief, Likert-type measure designed to assess the degree to which perpetrators acknowledge and accept responsibility for their violent actions. In Study #1, an exploratory factor analysis on a clinical sample revealed two factors: Acknowledging Harm and Internalizing Responsibility. In Study #2, the factor structure was replicated on a community sample using confirmatory factor analysis, revealing an 11-item solution. Factor 1 was related to readiness to change but negatively related to social desirability, suggesting convergent and discriminant validity of that subscale. Factor 2 was negatively related to Factor 1 in the community sample, calling into question the construct of accountability. Preliminary evidence suggests that the AS shows promise as a brief and reliable tool to assess forms of accountability. Future research will examine if the two factors of accountability function as mechanisms of change and outcome measures in intimate partner violence intervention research.

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Evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión en español del Children’s Depression Inventory-Short en población peruana

Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica ◽

10.5944/rppc.26211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

José Ventura-León ◽

Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez ◽

Shirley Tocto-Muñoz ◽

Maryuri Torres-Maldonado ◽

Karen Curahua-Guillén

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Children's Depression Inventory ◽

Children’S Depression Inventory ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Children’S Depression ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Two Factors

Evidence of validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Children’s Depression Inventory-Short in Peruvian population Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the validity evidence of the Children’s Depression Inventory-Short (CDI-S; Kovacs, 1992), in Peruvian school children. A total of 1059 children between 7 and 12 years old participated (Mean = 9.73, SD = 1.23). The results revealed the existence of two factors related to strong loads in the exploratory factor analysis, which were corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis with good goodness-of-fit indices (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04). The reliability of the CDI-S, calculated with the internal consistency method, was good in both factors (ω > .80). We conclude that the CDI-S is a valid and reliable measure in Peruvian children and should be interpreted as a test with two factors (Dysphoria and Negative self-esteem), which is consistent with previous empirical and theoretical studies. Keywords: Validation; reliability; depression; children. Resumen: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar evidencias de validez y fiabilidad de la versión en español del Children’s Depression Inventory-Short (CDI-S, Kovacs, 1992), en población peruana. Participaron 1059 niños y niñas entre 7 y 12 años (Media = 9.73, DT = 1.23). Los resultados revelaron la existencia de dos factores relacionados con cargas fuertes enel análisis factorial exploratorio, los cuales fueron corroborados mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio con buenos índices de bondad de ajuste (CFI ≥ .97, RMSEA ≤ .04). La fiabilidad del CDI-S, calculada con el método de consistencia interna, fue buena en los dos factores (ω > .80). Se concluye que el CDI-S es una medida valida y fiable en niños peruanos y debe ser interpretada como una prueba con dos factores (Disforia y Autoestima negativa), lo cual es coherente con estudios empíricos y teóricos previos. Palabras clave: Validación; fiabilidad; depresión; niños.

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The Development of Measures of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Changes in Job Behaviours Related to Quality Management in Health Care

Health Services Management Research ◽

10.1177/095148489500800301 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 143-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Diane Irvine

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Organizational Citizenship ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Future Research ◽

Orthogonal Rotation ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Cronbach Alpha ◽

Two Factors

A study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals in Canada for the purpose of developing instruments to measure organizational citizenship behaviours (OCB) and changes in job behaviours that occur as a result of participation on hospital quality improvement (CQI) teams. Semi structured interviews were conducted among 52 hospital employees in order to elicit critical incidents of OCB and changes in job behaviours related to CQI. The results of the staff interviews were used to develop a measure of OCB in the hospital setting, and a measure of changes in job behaviours related to CQI. 39 employees, who were drawn from the major departments within the two hospitals on the basis of their membership on CQI teams, participated in a test of the psychometric properties of the two research instruments. Exploratory factor analysis, employing an orthogonal rotation, yielded two factors that accounted for 30% of the variation among the OCB items. The Cronbach alpha for items loading highly on the first factor was .88. The factor was labelled ‘OCB directed towards individuals within the organization’. This factor was dominated by items reflecting the kinds of extra-role job behaviours employees engage in to assist patients, family members, visitors, and other employees within the organization. The Cronbach alpha for items loading highly on the second factor was 0.71. The second factor was labelled ‘organizationally directed OCB’, and consisted of behaviours that reflected an impersonal form of OCB in the hospital setting. Factor analysis, employing an orthogonal rotation, yielded four factors that accounted for 48% of the variation among the items measuring changes in job behaviours related to CQI. The four factors were labelled ‘problem-solving’, Cronbach alpha 0.82; ‘customer awareness’, Cronbach alpha 0.79; ‘use of CQI knowledge’, Cronbach alpha 0.77; and ‘organizational interests’, Cronbach alpha 0.79. The two OCB factors were moderately correlated, there were no significant correlations among any of the factors measuring changes in job behaviours related to CQI, and the problem-solving job behaviours factor was moderately correlated with the two OCB factors. Directions for future research are discussed.

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Cognitive Complexity and Categorization of Stimulus Objects Being Judged

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1971.29.3.965 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 965-966

Author(s):

Greg Wilkins ◽

Franz Epting

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Social Distance ◽

Cognitive Complexity ◽

Role Models ◽

Principal Factor ◽

Future Research ◽

Two Factors ◽

Stimulus Value ◽

The Individual ◽

Affective Stimulus

Cognitive complexity and the categorization of stimulus objects being judged was examined. Previous research indicated that these stimulus objects could be analyzed in terms of two distinct subgroups with reference to social distance. The cognitive complexity scores assigned to 10 stimulus objects by 82 Ss were subjected to a principal factor analysis. Since the largest two factors extracted did not have appropriate content and left a large proportion of the total score variance unaccounted for, it was concluded that these role models could not be categorized into two distinct subgroups upon the basis of affective stimulus value. Future research should consider the significance of the individual stimulus objects being judged.

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Adaptation of the Bulgarian Version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale (Short Form) for Adults and Older Adults

Counseling Psychology and Psychotherapy ◽

10.17759/cpp.2020280405 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 79-97

Author(s):

O.Y. Strizhitskaya ◽

M.D. Petrash ◽

I.R. Murtazina ◽

G.A. Vartanyan ◽

F.S. Manevsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Short Form ◽

Future Research ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Loneliness Scale ◽

Emotional Loneliness ◽

The Social ◽

Two Factors

This study aims to adapt and validate the Bulgarian version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale on adults and older adults. We present the results of the psychometric assessment of the questionnaire on a sample of adults aged 35—75 (N=332; Mage=49.45; SD=11.17). Exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors: two factors were identical to the first two sub-scales, the third sub-scale split into two separate factors. Reliability of the new sub-scales was assessed with Cronbach’s α coefficient that showed high levels of reliability for the general scale (α=0.875) and for all four sub-scales (α ranged from 0.843 to 0.873). Confirmatory factor analysis proved the four-factor structure of the adapted scale. The convergent validity of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale was proved by correlation analysis with the Differential Questionnaire of Loneliness Experience. Our study yielded the adequate psychometric characteristics of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for adults and older adults in Russia. In future research, we plan to increase the sample to standardize the scores for the scales.

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The differences between the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale and the Brief Resilience Scale When Assessing Resilience: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Predictive Effects

10.20944/preprints202201.0006.v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Yun-Ci Ye ◽

Chia-Huei Wu ◽

Cheng-Ta Yang

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Future Research ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Two Samples ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

The One

The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) are two widely used scales to measure resilience. Although both scales seek to assess an individual’s ability to recover from and adapt to disruptions or stressful events, they may capture different aspects of resilience. While the CD-RISC focuses on resources that can help individuals recover from and adapt to disruptions or stressful events, the BRS directly measures one’s ability to bounce back or be resilient. The aim of this study is to empirically examine the differences between the CD-RISC and the BRS. Two samples (n = 202, 246) consisting of undergraduate students from Taiwan were used. The results of confirmatory factor analysis show that the CD-RISC and the BRS are highly correlated but still distinct. The results of regression analyses show that the CD-RISC and the BRS have unique predictive effects on depression and life satisfaction. The research findings suggest that the CD-RISC and the BRS capture different aspects of resilience. For future research on resilience, researchers should pay attention to the differences between these scales and choose the one that most closely fits their research purpose.

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Development and Initial Validation of the Constructivist Beliefs in the Career Decision-Making Scale

Journal of Career Assessment ◽

10.1177/1069072719845668 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 303-319

Author(s):

Hui Xu

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Career Decision ◽

Future Research ◽

Career Adaptability ◽

Career Decision Making ◽

Two Factors ◽

Career Construction ◽

Constructivist Beliefs

Although career adaptability and constructivist beliefs both capture important aspects of career construction, previous research has predominantly focused on career adaptability and ignored the importance of constructivist beliefs. Drawing on career construction theory and decision-making science, the current study proposes two factors (i.e., satisficing decision and agentic creation) of constructivist beliefs in career decision-making (CBCD) and develops and initially validates a scale measuring the two factors. Study 1 develops the CBCD Scale and supports the two-factor structure of the CBCD through exploratory factor analysis. Study 2 supports the internal consistency reliability of the CBCD and cross-validates the two-factor structure of the CBCD through confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, Study 2 finds support for the incremental predictions of the CBCD for career indecision and career decision ambiguity management over and beyond career adaptability. The theoretical and practical implications of the CBCD are discussed, as are the limitations and suggestions for future research.

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