Seismic Evaluation of RC Buildings Designed with Past Codes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2279-2283
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Srivastav
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Test Plan ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Visual Survey ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

Abstract: Recent earthquakes have caused past reinforced concrete buildings severe damage compared to newer buildings because they have many structural deficiencies. To prevent future losses during earthquakes, the seismic capacity of these older buildings needs to be assessed with recent codes so that appropriate measures may be implemented to mitigate their vulnerability. This report compares the seismic evaluation method of two different codes on an existing building. The guidelines of two such documents by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering (NZSEE) are presented in this report. These guidelines intend to provide a systematic procedure for the seismic evaluation of buildings which may be applied reliably to a wide range of buildings. The objective of this article is to go through the documents of the Indian Standards and the New ZealandStandards on the seismic evaluation of existing buildings and compare the results of the two. Indian code IS 15988 including IS 1893:2016 Part1 providessome analytical solution for the seismic evaluation. However, these solutions may be or may not be sufficient for all types of failure, which may be overcome by using NewZealand Draft Code (NZDC). Upon comparing the results obtained from the analysis done using the two codes, one can understand the behaviour of a structure from all perspective. In the present study, analytical and manual work has been carried out and shown in a well-explained manner and easy to understand METHODLOGY 1. Visual Survey 2. Test Plan 3. Sample and Data Collection 4. Structure Stability Analysis

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Performance Assessment of an Eco-Sustainable RC-Framed Skin for the Integrated Upgrading of Existing Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9225
Author(s):  
Luca Pozza ◽  
Anna Degli Esposti ◽  
Alessandra Bonoli ◽  
Diego Talledo ◽  
Luca Barbaresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Recent Earthquakes

Recent earthquakes have highlighted a general inadequacy of the existing building stock in Italy and the need to address this critical issue by increasing its structural resilience. At the same time, the problem of energy consumption in existing residential and commercial buildings is increasingly significant and incompatible with the environmental targets set by governments. Considering all the aforementioned aspects, the seismic upgrading of existing buildings, based on the use of an eco-friendly and sustainable technology, has become more and more relevant and different intervention approaches have been developed. This paper aims to provide a multidisciplinary approach for the performance assessment of an eco-friendly and sustainable RC-framed skin for integrated refurbishment of existing buildings. A preliminary description of such skin technology is provided with particular attention to the simultaneous improvement of structural (e.g., seismic) and non-structural (e.g., energy, acoustic) performances and to issues concerning the limitation of invasiveness and interruption of use of the building. Technological details and in situ installation phases are described with special regard to connection and interaction with the existing building. Procedures for the assessment of upgraded building performances, in terms of seismic capacity and thermo-hygrometric and acoustic performances, are defined and applied to a selected basic cell structure. The feasibility and sustainability of the proposed upgrading intervention is finally investigated by means of a holistic Life Cycle Assessment for environmental impact and Life Cycle Cost for an economic evaluation. Finally, results from a multidisciplinary performance assessment are critically discussed by relating the performance aspects to the technological and installation issues.

scholarly journals SEISMIC CAPACITY OF RC FRAME BUILDINGS WITH MASONRY INFILL DAMAGED BY PAST EARTHQUAKES

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Hamood Alwashali ◽  
Md. Shafiul Islam ◽  
Debasish Sen ◽  
Jonathan Monical ◽  
Masaki Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Rc Frame ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
Masonry Infill ◽  
Frame Buildings ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Observed Damage ◽  
Rc Frame Buildings

Many of the buildings which experienced damage in recent earthquakes such as the 2015 Nepal Earthquake were reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings with unreinforced masonry infill walls. This study proposes a simplified procedure to estimate the in-plane seismic capacity of masonry infilled RC frame buildings based on concepts of the Japanese seismic evaluation standard (JBDPA, [1]). The correlation of seismic capacity and observed damage obtained using a database of 370 existing RC frame buildings with masonry infill that experienced earthquakes in Taiwan, Ecuador and Nepal is investigated. The Is index, which represents the seismic capacity of buildings in the Japanese standard, showed good correlation with the observed damage and proved to be effective as a simple method to estimate seismic capacity. The method was then applied to 103 existing buildings in Bangladesh that have not experienced a major earthquake recently. The results emphasize the necessity for urgent seismic evaluation and retrofitting of buildings in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Relation between the rapid evaluation method scores and the damage states of buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Ozmen
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Damage States

Abstract. A major portion of the existing Turkish building stock consists of seismically deficient buildings, like in many other earthquake-prone developing countries. For the mitigation of the damage before an earthquake, the seismic evaluation of the existing building stock is the first step. However, the great number of buildings to be evaluated is an obstacle for the detailed assessment. Rapid evaluation methods are developed to minimize the need of resources for the evaluation of the buildings in great numbers. In this study, performances of the rapid evaluation methods to estimate seismic damage are investigated by examining the correlation between the rapid evaluation method scores and the quantified damage states after the 19 May 2011 Simav (Turkey) earthquake. A total of 144 reinforced concrete buildings are carefully examined in terms of the properties of structural system, architectural layout, concrete strength, soil conditions and damage state. The correlation of rapid evaluation methods with the observed damage happened to be low. It is concluded that, if the building damage state is determined by the local brittle damages in members, the estimations with the rapid evaluation methods may diverge from the actual scene after an earthquake.

pH-Dependent Thermal Stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remya Radha ◽  
Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Ph Range

Background:pH is one of the decisive macromolecular properties of proteins that significantly affects enzyme structure, stability and reaction rate. Change in pH may protonate or deprotonate the side group of aminoacid residues in the protein, thereby resulting in changes in chemical and structural features. Hence studies on the kinetics of enzyme deactivation by pH are important for assessing the bio-functionality of industrial enzymes. L-asparaginase is one such important enzyme that has potent applications in cancer therapy and food industry.Objective:The objective of the study is to understand and analyze the influence of pH on deactivation and stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase.Methods:Kinetic studies were conducted to analyze the effect of pH on stability and deactivation of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies have been carried out to understand the pH-dependent conformational changes in the secondary structure of V. cholerae L-asparaginase.Results:The enzyme was found to be least stable at extreme acidic conditions (pH< 4.5) and exhibited a gradual increase in melting temperature from 40 to 81 °C within pH range of 4.0 to 7.0. Thermodynamic properties of protein were estimated and at pH 7.0 the protein exhibited ΔG37of 26.31 kcal mole-1, ΔH of 204.27 kcal mole-1 and ΔS of 574.06 cal mole-1 K-1.Conclusion:The stability and thermodynamic analysis revealed that V. cholerae L-asparaginase was highly stable over a wide range of pH, with the highest stability in the pH range of 5.0–7.0.

scholarly journals Evaluating process-based integrated assessment models of climate change mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 166 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Wilson ◽  
Céline Guivarch ◽  
Elmar Kriegler ◽  
Bas van Ruijven ◽  
Detlef P. van Vuuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Integrated Assessment Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Change Mitigation

AbstractProcess-based integrated assessment models (IAMs) project long-term transformation pathways in energy and land-use systems under what-if assumptions. IAM evaluation is necessary to improve the models’ usefulness as scientific tools applicable in the complex and contested domain of climate change mitigation. We contribute the first comprehensive synthesis of process-based IAM evaluation research, drawing on a wide range of examples across six different evaluation methods including historical simulations, stylised facts, and model diagnostics. For each evaluation method, we identify progress and milestones to date, and draw out lessons learnt as well as challenges remaining. We find that each evaluation method has distinctive strengths, as well as constraints on its application. We use these insights to propose a systematic evaluation framework combining multiple methods to establish the appropriateness, interpretability, credibility, and relevance of process-based IAMs as useful scientific tools for informing climate policy. We also set out a programme of evaluation research to be mainstreamed both within and outside the IAM community.

scholarly journals RINNO: Towards an Open Renovation Platform for Integrated Design and Delivery of Deep Renovation Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6018
Author(s):  
Theo Lynn ◽  
Pierangelo Rosati ◽  
Antonia Egli ◽  
Stelios Krinidis ◽  
Komninos Angelakoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Wide Range

The building stock accounts for a significant portion of worldwide energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. While the majority of the existing building stock has poor energy performance, deep renovation efforts are stymied by a wide range of human, technological, organisational and external environment factors across the value chain. A key challenge is integrating appropriate human resources, materials, fabrication, information and automation systems and knowledge management in a proper manner to achieve the required outcomes and meet the relevant regulatory standards, while satisfying a wide range of stakeholders with differing, often conflicting, motivations. RINNO is a Horizon 2020 project that aims to deliver a set of processes that, when working together, provide a system, repository, marketplace and enabling workflow process for managing deep renovation projects from inception to implementation. This paper presents a roadmap for an open renovation platform for managing and delivering deep renovation projects for residential buildings based on seven design principles. We illustrate a preliminary stepwise framework for applying the platform across the full-lifecycle of a deep renovation project. Based on this work, RINNO will develop a new open renovation software platform that will be implemented and evaluated at four pilot sites with varying construction, regulatory, market and climate contexts.

Adopting SCAMPER`S Strategies to Incorporate the Sustainability Concepts Within Architectural Design Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Aesthetic

Thinking creatively, is a necessary condition of the Design process to transform ideas into novel solutions and break barriers to creativity. Although, there are many techniques and ways to stimulate creative thinking for designers, however, this research paper adopts SCAMPER; which is acronym of: Substitute- Combine-Adapt- Modify or Magnify-Put to another use-Eliminate-Reverse or Rearrange- to integrate the sustainability concepts within architectural design process. Many creative artifacts have been designed consciously or unconsciously adopting SCAMPER strategies such as rehabilitation and reuse projects to improve the functional performance or the aesthetic sense of an existing building for the better. SCAMPER is recognized as a divergent thinking tool are used during the initial ideation stage, aims to leave the usual way of thinking to generate a wide range of new ideas that will lead to new insights, original ideas, and creative solutions to problems. The research focuses on applying this method in the architectural design, which is rarely researched, through reviewing seven examples that have been designed consciously or unconsciously adopting SCAMPER mnemonic techniques. The paper aims to establish a starting point for further research to deepen it and study its potentials in solving architectural design problems.

scholarly journals Analisis Kapasitas Seismik Struktur Gedung Kantor Dinas KetahananPangan Provinsi Sumatra Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thasbih Al Fajri ◽  
Rafki Imani ◽  
Zakpar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Evaluation ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Seismic Capacity ◽  
Total Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Building ◽  
Richter Scale ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
West Sumatra

The office building of the food security office of West Sumatra Province is a multi-storey building with reinforced concrete structures built in earthquake-prone areas that have the potential for large-scale earthquakes such as the one that occurred in 2009. Based on USGS data, from December 2004 to October 2009 There have been 10 earthquakes measuring more than 5 on the Richter scale that rocked Indonesia and resulted in damage to buildings, both minor damage to heavy damage and evencollapsing. The big earthquake that occurred on September 30, 2009 in Padang City, West Sumatra, was measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale. In this study, evaluated the seismic capacity of a reinforced concrete building 4 (four) floors built in earthquake-prone areas in the city of Padang. The seismic capacity of the building is evaluated based on the standard published by Japan, namely The Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Existin Reinforced Concrete Building, 2001. In this evaluation, it only looks at the structural elements of the column on the first floor. Seismic capacity is expressed in terms of the lateral strength index and the ductility index of the building. The results of the evaluation of seismic capacity obtained the total strength index value of the building is 0.707. The seismic capacity of this building can be shown to be adequate or strongin earthquake-prone areas compared to the seismic capacity of reinforced concrete buildings that survived the massive earthquake of 7.6 on the Richter Scale in West Sumatra in September 2009. From the evaluation results on this building which is located in an area including the prone to strong earthquakes can be stated to be able to behave ductile and able to withstand an earthquake or not experience sudden collapse

Research on Behavior Trust Evaluation Method of Cloud Services Based on Membership Theory

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 2377-2382
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xian You Sun
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Degree Theory ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Trust Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cloud Users

Among the wide range of cloud service providers with different performance characteristics, in order to let the cloud users find cloud services which satisfy its performance preferences and specific trust levels,it needs to establish a reasonable and scientific cloud service trust evaluation system. This paper introduces a membership degree theory into trust evaluation model. First, it designs the trust evaluation system framework of cloud services, and establishes a trust evaluation model of cloud services. Next, it calculates the trust level of cloud services with the comprehensive trust cloud center of gravity evaluation method (CCGE). Finally, the experiment results show that this model can build precise trust relationship between cloud users and cloud services based on users performance demands.

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