scholarly journals Adaptive Stress Coping in Awake Bruxism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xabier Ander Soto-Goñi ◽  
Francisco Alen ◽  
Leticia Buiza-González ◽  
Danielle Marcolino-Cruz ◽  
Teresa Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Awake Bruxism ◽  
Psychological Questionnaires

Numerous studies have analyzed the relationship between psychological factors and bruxism. However, the data are often obscured by the lack of precise diagnostic criteria and the variety of the psychological questionnaires used. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between awake bruxism and psychological factors (anxiety, depression, sociability, stress coping, and personality traits). With this aim, 68 participants (13 males) completed a battery of psychological questionnaires, a self-reported bruxism questionnaire, and a clinical examination. Based on their scores on the bruxism questionnaire and the clinical examination, subjects were divided into two groups. Subjects who met the criteria for “probable awake bruxism” were assigned to the case group (n = 29, five males). The control group (n = 39, nine males) was composed of subjects who showed no signs or symptoms of bruxism in the examination nor in the questionnaire. The probable awake bruxism group presented significantly higher levels of trait and state anxiety, symptoms of somatization, and neuroticism than the control group. Despite this, and when their problem coping strategies were considered, awake bruxers showed higher levels in Positive Reappraisal (p < 0.05), a strategy generally considered as adaptive. In conclusion, although awake bruxers in our study showed larger levels of anxiety, somatization, and neuroticism, they also displayed more adapted coping strategies, while according to previous data TMD patients (which generally also present high levels of anxiety, somatization and neuroticism) might tend to present less adaptive coping styles. Thus, awake bruxism may play a positive role in stress coping, which would be compatible with the hypothesis of mastication as a means of relieving psychological tension. This finding should be further confirmed by future research comparing TMD patients with definitive awake bruxers and controls and using larger and more representative samples.

Effectiveness of a School-Based Intervention to Empower Children to Cope With Advertising

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Rozendaal ◽  
Bernd Figner
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
School Based

Abstract. This study tested the effectiveness of a theory-driven, school-based advertising intervention entitled Ad Masters that aimed to stimulate children’s advertising coping behavior in the current media landscape. A cluster randomized controlled trial was completed among 704 children (7–12 years old) in schools. The schools were allocated to either the intervention group ( n = 399) or control group ( n = 305). Both short-term (directly after the intervention) and long-term effects (3 months after the end of the intervention) were measured. Bayesian mixed-effect analyses showed positive short- and long-term effects of the intervention on children’s understanding of advertising’s tactics. Structural equation analysis showed that the intervention-induced changes in children’s understanding of advertising’s tactics were not related to any changes in their use of advertising coping strategies or their advertising susceptibility. No other intervention effects were found. However, structural equation analyses showed that, regardless of the intervention, motivation and ability to use advertising coping strategies are both associated with children’s actual coping behavior. These findings indicate that motivation and ability to effectively use advertising coping strategies are important empowering factors that should be taken into account in future research on children’s advertising coping behavior and in advertising intervention development.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of a new clinical test (resisted internal rotation) for detection of gluteus medius tears

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ortiz-Declet ◽  
Austin W Chen ◽  
David R Maldonado ◽  
Leslie C Yuen ◽  
Brian Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Rotation Test

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a new dynamic clinical examination for detection of gluteus medius (GM) tears. A case group of 50 patients undergoing arthroscopy with GM repair was compared with a control group of 50 patients undergoing arthroscopy who had no peritrochanteric symptoms. Both groups were examined clinically, had magnetic resonance imaging studies performed and underwent arthroscopic surgery. Recorded clinical examinations included abnormal gait (Trendelenburg), tenderness to palpation of the greater trochanter, resisted abduction and the test being studied, resisted internal rotation. For all clinical tests, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy rates were calculated and compared with the arthroscopic and MRI data for the case group, and the MRI data for the control group. The resisted internal rotation test had a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 85% and diagnostic accuracy of 88% in the detection of GM tears, with a low rate of false-positive and false-negative recordings. Other traditional clinical examination tests, with the exception of Trendelenburg gait, showed inferior rates. Trendelenburg gait had a higher specificity, but much lower sensitivity. The resisted internal rotation test aides in the detection of GM pathology. Due to the good results of the resisted internal rotation test in all the diagnostic parameters, we recommend incorporating it on the physical exam of patients with hip pain.

scholarly journals Dental anomalies in the deciduous dentition of non-syndromic oral clefts patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Adriana Boeri Freire Tamburini ◽  
Ygor Henrique Pereira Rodrigues ◽  
Daniella Reis Barbosa Martelli ◽  
Letízia Monteiro de Barros ◽  
Rodrigo Soares de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Deciduous Dentition ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in complete deciduous dentition of children with NSCL/P. Methods: this study included 75 children with NSCL/P and 286 healthy control. In both groups the children had deciduous dentition with ages varying from 4 to 6 years. Clinical examination, panoramic and periapical radiographies were performed and dental anomalies of number and shape were considered. Results: there was a higher prevalence of dental anomalies in the case group, compared to the control group. In all, 42 dental anomalies were identified, 25.33% in the case group and 8.04% in control group (p<0.001). Therewas a higher frequency of dental anomalies in NSCL/P (47.36%), followed by non-syndromic cleft lip (31.57%) and non-syndromic cleft palate (21.05%). The occurrence of agenesis (p= 0.005) and twinning (p = 0.029) were higher in the case group. Conclusions: the occurrence of agenesis and dental twinning was more frequent in the case group and may contribute to the definition of oral cleft subphenotype.

Improving Chinese Teachers’ Stress Coping Ability through Group Sandplay

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Yunxia Qu ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Weike Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Chinese Teachers ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies

AbstractTeachers are burdened by high work pressure, suggesting the need for an effective stress coping system to support them. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of coping strategies currently utilized by teachers and explored the potential contribution of group sandplay to coping. The study was led by a group of experienced therapists and sandplay practitioners. Two hundred teachers served as participants, equally divided into two groups: An experimental sandplay group (EG) and control group. Both groups received a 3-hour tutorial on the psychological pressure at work, reactions to it, and physical/mental symptoms resulting from overwhelming pressure, and were introduced to the working principles and process of sandplay. EG participants then engaged in group sandplay for three consecutive days. The Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire was used as an objective measure of participants’ coping styles. Therapists’ and practitioners’ observations were used as subjective information, including the scenes and themes created by participants, individual performance during sandplay activities, and feedback regarding changes to stress coping strategies. We compared participants’ pre-and post-test stress coping strategies. The results revealed a significant improvement in the EG sample at the shift from passive coping (pre-test M = 1.94, 95% CI [1.83–2.05]; post-test M = 0.96, 95% CI [0.92–1.00]) to active coping (pre-test M = 1.76, 95% CI [1.69–1.83]; post-test M = 2.41, 95% CI [2.29–2.53]). Overall, our findings support the conclusion that group sandplay effectively improved Chinese teachers’ overall stress coping abilities.

“Are you really proud of me?” Influence of stereotype threats on college athletes’ career thoughts

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110128
Author(s):  
Yawen Hsu ◽  
Yinru Li
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Role Models ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Special Case

Removing the vulnerability of a stereotype threat can weaken the stereotype’s negative influence. However, stereotype threats can be produced simply by reminding individuals of their stigmatized social identity. In this study, a typical explicit stereotype threat was compared with two types of reports on positive role models to determine whether the influence of stereotypes varied according to the type of report. In total, 178 college athletes were recruited and randomly assigned to the explicit threat group (EX group, n = 46), report on a special case group (RS group, n = 42), report on a general topic group (RG group, n = 46), or neutral report group (control, n = 44). The participants first read a short text with manipulated context. They then completed scales assessing career adaptability and optimism and were asked to choose whether to complete a scholastic test with high or low difficulty or not take the test at all. The career adaptability and optimism scores of the control group were higher than those of the RS and EX group. The career optimism scores of the RG group were higher than those of the EX group. Fewer participants opted for the difficult version of the scholastic text in the EX and RS groups; the majority of participants in these groups chose to not take any test. The results indicated the influence of negative stereotype threats and indicated that reading the news report on the special case did not have a positive and encouraging effect on the participants.

scholarly journals Psychological Adjustment of Chinese PhD Students: A Narrative Study

10.28945/4649 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 595-614
Author(s):  
Chun Yan Yang ◽  
Li Bai
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
International Doctoral Students ◽  
Chinese Doctoral Students

Aim/Purpose: International PhD students suffer a lot of stress. However, many studies about international students focus on identifying the stressors these students experience rather than the stress-coping strategies, and those that explore international students’ coping behaviour often report maladjustments. Background: This study intended to fill the research gap by examining the strategies that Chinese students employed to psychologically adjust to their PhD study. Methodology: Narrative inquiry method was employed to give voice to the research participants. Six Chinese doctoral students in social sciences in Australian universities were purposefully sampled and interviewed three times during their candidature in order to gain an in-depth understanding of their lived experiences of stress-coping. Contribution: This paper provides positive stress-coping strategies used by six Chinese doctoral students, which can be used by international doctoral students or those who work with doctoral students from abroad to improve their psychological well-beings. Findings: These Chinese PhD students adopted positive stress-coping strategies of regulating their emotions and retaining their motivation. They adopted illusory and interpretive forms of secondary control by reframing realities to obtain psychological peace when faced with stress. The ways that Chinese PhD students handled stress suggest that the Chinese moral education and the characteristic motivation for learning attributed them with positive personal characteristics to battle the adverse conditions. Recommendations for Practitioners: Institutions/departments can initiate support groups for PhD students from the same disciplines where students can express their stress, seek assistance from senior doctoral students and exchange their strategies. Institutions/departments can also support international doctoral candidates by taking a more flexible approach to policies and procedures concerning doctoral students taking leave both in terms of when it is taken and the duration. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers can focus on international doctoral students’ positive stress-coping experiences as well as negative experiences to present a balanced picture of the doctoral journey. Impact on Society: The findings from this research on doctoral students’ stress-coping can equip doctoral students with strategies to handle their psychological challenges, which in turn may enhance their overseas doctoral experiences, reduce the dropout rates, and raise awareness of supervisors and institutions about doctoral students’ psychological well-beings. Future Research: Future research can examine the stress-coping experiences of other international doctoral students, focusing not only from the individual psychological angle but from the academic and social perspectives.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FAKTOR PSIKOLOGIS DAN STRATEGI COPING STRES MAHASISWA MENIKAH PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien Asmara Palintan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenology ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
Pressure Stress ◽  
Married Students

ABSTRACTCurrently, the number of married students in higher education is increasing from year to year. The roles played by students and housewives are very susceptible to causing stress for students. Interestingly, even though the COVID-19 pandemic is currently hitting, this has no impact on the student's decision-making process in getting married. This study aims to explore more deeply related psychological factors that influence student marriage decision making and find out the stress coping strategies developed by these students when facing pressure as a student with the status of being a wife and housewife. The research approach is qualitative phenomenology involving six students as research subjects. The data collection process was carried out by in-depth interviews and observation. The results of the study found that psychological factors that influenced student decision-making to marry during the COVID-19 pandemic were motivation, perception, learning, and attitude. Stress coping strategies developed by students to deal with the pressure (stress) they face are intropunitive, defensive, introversive, interactive, and impressive.Keywords: psychological factors, stress coping, student married  ABSTRAKSaat ini jumlah mahasiswa menikah pada Perguruan Tinggi meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Peran yang dijalani sebagai mahasiswa dan ibu rumah tangga sangat rentan menyebabkan stres bagi mahasiswa. Menariknya, meski saat ini pandemic COVID 19 sedang melanda, namun hal ini tidak berdampak pada proses pengambilan keputusan mahasiswa dalam melakukan pernikahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi lebih dalam terkait faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan mahasiswa menikah dan mengetahui strategi copign stres yang dikembangkan mahasiswa tersebut ketika menghadapi tekanan sebagai seorang mahasiswa dengan status menjadi istri atau ibu rumah tangga. Pendekatan penelitian adalah kualitatif fenomenologi yang melibatkan enam orang mahasiswa sebagai subjek penelitian. Proses pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam (in depth interview) dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan mahasiswa untuk menikah pada masa pandemic COVID 19 adalah motivasi, persepsi, belajar dadn sikap. Strategi coping stres yang dikembangkan mahasiswa untuk menghadapi tekanan (stres) yang dihadapi adalah intropunitive,defensivenes, intropersistive,, interpersistive, dan Impersistive.Kata Kunci: faktor psikologis, coping stres, mahasiswa menikah

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Growth in Postlingually Deaf Patients With Cochlear Implants: The Effect of Stress-Coping Strategies, Sociodemographics, and Deafness-Related Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kobosko ◽  
W. Wiktor Jedrzejczak ◽  
D. Beata Porembska ◽  
Anna Geremek-Samsonowicz ◽  
Henryk Skarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies

The aim of this study was to assess whether cochlear implant (CI) users who had been postlingually deaf developed a more positive outlook on life—the so-called posttraumatic growth (PTG)—as a result of their disability and to examine how PTG related to their stress-coping strategies and personal circumstances. The study group consisted of 119 postlingually deaf CI users. The participants were asked to anonymously fill in several questionnaires: the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE), and a form asking for personal details and factors related to their deafness and CI use. The PTG of postlingually deaf CI users was similar to that found in people with other severe health problems. The time that had elapsed since the hearing was lost and the time from receiving a CI were positively correlated with PTG. The level of PTG was correlated with the particular coping strategies used and differed between men and women. We found that the development of PTG could emerge from both approach-oriented coping strategies (e.g., active coping and planning) and avoidance-oriented coping strategies (e.g., denial, self-distraction, and self-blame). Paradoxically, the avoidance strategies could play a positive role in the development of PTG. This reinforces the idea, previously raised in the PTG literature, that such strategies exert a defensive and protective function—an “illusory” side of PTG—which operates together with the positive constructive side, and both help develop the sense of well-being of a person.

scholarly journals Salivary Vasopressin as a Potential Non–Invasive Biomarker of Anxiety in Dogs Diagnosed with Separation–Related Problems

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Federica Pirrone ◽  
Ludovica Pierantoni ◽  
Andrea Bossetti ◽  
Stefania Uccheddu ◽  
Mariangela Albertini
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Separation Distress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stress Coping Strategies ◽  
Separation Phase ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Preliminary Support

Physiological biomarkers of canine anxiety have not been extensively investigated to date. To identify new biomarkers in dogs, we compared behaviorally normal dogs (Control group, N = 13) to dogs diagnosed with separation problems (Case group, N = 13) as they were introduced into a novel environment in the presence of two strangers and subjected to a short episode of separation and reunion with the owner. During the separation phase, dogs in the Case group explored significantly less than controls and were significantly more persistent in expressing passive stress-coping strategies aimed at seeking proximity to their owners. When the owners returned, dogs with separation distress spent significantly more time jumping up on the strangers than control dogs did. Salivary oxytocin and vasopressin concentrations did not differ between samples taken before and after the separation. However, vasopressin concentrations immediately after separation were significantly higher in the Case than in the Control group and remained higher, although not significantly so, 10 min later. These results indicated that dogs with separation distress became more anxious than typical dogs when separated from their owner in an unfamiliar environment and provided preliminary support for the use of salivary vasopressin as a possible biomarker for anxiety-related responses in dogs.

Coping and Attitudes Toward Dying and Death in German Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Wittkowski
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Drug Intake ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Multidimensional Assessment ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The idea of an existential threat caused by the awareness of mortality has been rarely investigated within coping research. The study explores relationships between coping strategies and attitudes toward dying and death in a sample of German adults aged 20 to 93 years. Participants responded to a Stress Coping Inventory and a questionnaire for the multidimensional assessment of attitudes toward dying and death. Pearson correlations for men, women, and the young and old age-groups confirm the expectation that attitudes toward dying and death are mainly associated with disengagement and accommodative coping. Gender- and age-specific findings refer to drug intake and aggression. Results are discussed within both a coping and a thanatological frame of reference and issues for future research are outlined.

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