INTENTION TO OPPOSE ANIMAL RESEARCH: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN NONCONFORMITY

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Goldsmith ◽  
Ronald A. Clark ◽  
Barbara Lafferty
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Intended Action ◽  
Psychological Influences ◽  
Using Data

Using animals to test cosmetic products is controversial, but little research has explored its social and psychological influences. Relationships between two personality constructs related to nonconformity (independence and anticonformity) and attitudes toward animal testing were studied using data from a survey of 418 students. The Independence Orientation and Nonconformity Orientation Scales (Ringness, 1970) were used to measure independence and anticonformity. Results showed that behavioral intentions were unrelated to age, women were more likely to get involved in antitesting behavior than were men, holding antitesting attitudes redicted intended action, and higher levels of anticonformity were associated with opposition as well, even when the effects of the other variables were held constant.

scholarly journals Affective and Cognitive Orientations in Intergroup Perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 828-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas J. Wolf ◽  
Ulrich von Hecker ◽  
Gregory R. Maio
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intergroup Perception ◽  
Need For Affect ◽  
Cognitive Orientations

Three studies examined the role of need for affect (NFA) and need for cognition (NFC) in intergroup perception. We hypothesized that NFA predicts a preference for stereotypically warm groups over stereotypically cold groups, whereas NFC predicts a preference for stereotypically competent groups over stereotypically incompetent groups. Study 1 supported these hypotheses for attitudes toward stereotypically ambivalent groups, which are stereotyped as high on one of the trait dimensions (e.g., high warmth) and low on the other (e.g., low competence), but not for stereotypically univalent groups, which are seen as high or low on both dimensions. Studies 2 and 3 replicated this pattern for stereotypically ambivalent groups, and yielded provocative evidence regarding several putative mechanisms underlying these associations. Together, these findings help integrate and extend past evidence on attitude-relevant individual differences with research on intergroup perception.

PERCEPTIONS OF CHINA AND OTHER GREAT POWERS AMONG KAZAKHSTAN AND KYRGYZSTAN YOUTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Nurettin CAN ◽  
Ibrahim KONCAK ◽  
Sanar MUHYADDIN ◽  
Ibrahim KELEŞ
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Using Data

This article studies the perception of great powers in the eyes of students in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan using data collected through an online survey. The research has compared the perceptions of China’s and other Great Powers’ economic, political, and military authority among the youth of Central Asian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. To analyze these perceptions, young people from Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan (N = 262) took part in a survey in the spring of 2021. Responses were analyzed to reveal the differences in perception by applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods, i.e., one-sample t-test. An association of geodemographic factors with the perception towards global powers was discovered by applying the chi-square test statistical method. The early research revealed that the role of the other Great Powers was seen mainly in political terms, while China’s role was mostly economic, however, recent studies made it clear that China’s political influence is increasing in the region. Another finding from this research is that China’s position on human rights and environmental issues is more negatively perceived than that of the other Great powers.

An Economic Analysis of Interregional Commodity Flows

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ihara
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Commodity Flows ◽  
Using Data

This paper analyzes interregional commodity flows in order to clarify the characteristics of trade structures for the regional economy in Japan. Two types of analytical model are indicated according to two different objectives. One is to characterize the role of each industrial sector, the other is to take into account the relative connectivity of the interregional relationships under study. Even these simple models provide some useful information for regional development and planning, as demonstrated in this paper by using data from the 1970 interregional input—output table.

scholarly journals Individual differences in granularity of the affective responses to music

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Joanna Kantor-Martynuska ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Musical Expertise ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
The Common

Abstract The main focus of the paper is the role of listeners’ emotion-relevant characteristics and musical expertise in the granularity of affective responses to music. Another objective of the study is to test the consistency of the granularity of affect that is perceived in music and/or experienced in response to it. In Experiment 1, 91 musicians and nonmusicians listened to musical excerpts and grouped them according to the similarity of the affects they experienced while listening. Finer grouping granularity was found in musicians and high rumination scorers. Male musicians with above-median scores in rumination produced a larger number of clusters than the other male participants. Experiment 2 that engaged 23 participants demonstrated moderate consistency with which listeners grouped affects that they perceived in music and affects they experienced while listening to music. The study suggests that affective responses to music are subject to individual differences in musical expertise and rumination. Affects perceived in music and felt in response to it seem to be categorized with reference to the common principles. However, the cues that are used in such instances of categorization seem to be different. The paper encourages further research on the importance of listeners’ personal characteristics for the affective responses to music.

scholarly journals The Building Blocks of Child Bilingual Code-Mixing: A Cross-Corpus Traceback Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Endesfelder Quick ◽  
Stefan Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Individual Input

This paper offers an inductive, exploratory study on the role of input and individual differences in the early code-mixing of bilingual children. Drawing on data from two German-English bilingual children, aged 2–4, we use the traceback method to check whether their code-mixed utterances can be accounted for with the help of constructional patterns that can be found in their monolingual data and/or in their caregivers' input. In addition, we apply the traceback method to check whether the patterns used by one child can also be found in the input of the other child. Results show that patterns found in the code-mixed utterances could be traced back to the input the children receive, suggesting that children extract lexical knowledge from their environment. Additionally, tracing back patterns within each child was more successful than tracing back to the other child's corpus, indicating that each child has their own set of patterns which depends very much on their individual input. As such, these findings can shed new light on the interplay of the two developing grammars in bilingual children and their individual differences.

scholarly journals Inter-Ethnic Friendship and Hostility between Roma and non-Roma Students in Hungary: The Role of Exposure and Academic Achievement

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Hajdu ◽  
Gábor Kertesi ◽  
Gábor Kézdi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Closing The Achievement Gap ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis study examines friendship and hostility relations between Roma students and the ethnically homogeneous non-Roma majority in Hungarian schools. Using data on friendship and hostility relations of 15-year-old students from 82 schools, the study focuses on the interaction between exposure to the other ethnic group and academic achievement of Roma students. High-achieving Roma students are shown to have significantly more friends and fewer adversaries than low-achieving ones, due to better inter-ethnic relations while having similar within-ethnic group relations. As a result, higher exposure to Roma students translates to more friendship and less hostility from non-Roma students in environments where more of the Roma students have higher achievement. Therefore, policies helping the achievement of Roma students can have immediate as well as long-term positive effects. Simulations suggest that a mixed policy of desegregation and closing the achievement gap may best foster positive inter-ethnic relations.

scholarly journals Institutional betrayal and the role of male allies in supporting women in higher education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Aum Warren ◽  
Samit Dipon Bordoloi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Intentional Action ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Practices ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Equity And Inclusion

In response to persistent gender inequality, institutions have been making commitments to gender diversity, equity and inclusion through funding, initiatives, and policy. However, when everyday institutional practices and social norms fail to protect women from inequity, women experience institutional betrayal. Using data from an open-ended survey of 202 faculty in male-dominated disciplines, we explore how male allies can engage in intentional action to interrupt gender injustice and buffer institutional betrayal and what consequences accrue to the male allies. Findings show that institutional betrayal occurs at four levels, and while at the first two, male allies buffer institutional betrayal of women with varying degrees of success, at the other two, male allies experience institutional betrayal themselves. As such, the opportunities and limits of male allyship as an avenue for driving structural change for gender equity are discussed.

scholarly journals Robocalypse? Yes, Please! The Role of Robot Autonomy in the Development of Ambivalent Attitudes Towards Robots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia G. Stapels ◽  
Friederike Eyssel
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Technology Commitment ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractAttitudes towards robots are not always unequivocally positive or negative: when attitudes encompass both strong positive and strong negative evaluations about an attitude object, people experience an unpleasant state of evaluative conflict, called ambivalence. To shed light on ambivalence towards robots, we conducted a mixed-methods experiment with N = 163 German university students that investigated the influence of robot autonomy on robot-related attitudes. With technological progress, robots become increasingly autonomous. We hypothesized that high levels of robot autonomy would increase both positive and negative robot-related evaluations, resulting in more attitudinal ambivalence. We experimentally manipulated robot autonomy through text vignettes and assessed objective ambivalence (i.e., the amount of reported conflicting thoughts and feelings) and subjective ambivalence (i.e., self-reported experienced conflict) towards the robot ‘VIVA’ using qualitative and quantitative measures. Autonomy did not impact objective ambivalence. However, subjective ambivalence was higher towards the robot high versus low in autonomy. Interestingly, this effect turned non-significant when controlling for individual differences in technology commitment. Qualitative results were categorized by two independent raters into assets (e.g., assistance, companionship) and risks (e.g., privacy/data security, social isolation). Taken together, the present research demonstrated that attitudes towards robots are indeed ambivalent and that this ambivalence might influence behavioral intentions towards robots. Moreover, the findings highlight the important role of technology commitment. Finally, qualitative results shed light on potential users’ concerns and aspirations. This way, these data provide useful insights into factors that facilitate human–robot research.

scholarly journals Co-producing Human and Animal Experimental Subjects: Exploring the Views of UK COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Participants on Animal Testing

2021 ◽  
pp. 016224392110570
Author(s):  
Samantha Vanderslott ◽  
Alexandra Palmer ◽  
Tonia Thomas ◽  
Beth Greenhough ◽  
Arabella Stuart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Trial Participants

Preclinical (animal) testing and human testing of drugs and vaccines are rarely considered by social scientists side by side. Where this is done, it is typically for theoretically exploring the ethics of the two situations to compare relative treatment. In contrast, we empirically explore how human clinical trial participants understand the role of animal test subjects in vaccine development. Furthermore, social science research has only concentrated on broad public opinion and the views of patients about animal research, whereas we explore the views of a public group particularly implicated in pharmaceutical development: experimental subjects. We surveyed and interviewed COVID-19 vaccine trial participants in Oxford, UK, on their views about taking part in a vaccine trial and the role of animals in trials. We found that trial participants mirrored assumptions about legitimate reasons for animal testing embedded in regulation and provided insight into (i) the nuances of public opinion on animal research; (ii) the co-production of human and animal experimental subjects; (iii) how vaccine and medicine testing, and the motivations and demographics of clinical trial participants, change in an outbreak; and (iv) what public involvement can offer to science.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document