ANXIOLYTIC, ANTIDEPRESSANT AND ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF MUCUNA PRURIENS SEEDS

Behavioral models such as the elevated plus maze (EPM), light and dark method, Hole-board method, and Marble burying method were used to assess Methanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds (MEMP) for anxiolytic function. MEMP in a dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o. was found to possess significant anxiolytic activity. In TST and FST, MEMP showed a substantial reduction in the time of immobility, indicating antidepressant action. MEMP significantly increased the latency for straub tail, extensor, myoclonic jerk, clonic convulsion and stupor in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and isoniazid-induced convulsion models. MEMP may be interfering with the level of monoamines; L-dopa, serotonin and histamine and produced antidepressant activity.

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Neuropharmacological Characterization of Dioclea altissima Seed Lectin (DAL) in Mice: Evidence of Anxiolytic-like Effect Mediated by Serotonergic, GABAergic Receptors and NO Pathway

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200331093207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (31) ◽

pp. 3895-3904

Author(s):

João R.C. Araújo ◽

Adriana R. Campos ◽

Marina de Barros M.V. Damasceno ◽

Sacha A.A.R. Santos ◽

Maria K.A. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Integrity ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Plant Lectins ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Marble Burying ◽

Gabaergic Receptors ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Hole Board

Background: Plant lectins have shown promising biological activities in the central nervous system (CNS). Objective: This study evaluated the effect of DAL, a lectin isolated from the seeds of the Dioclea altissima species, having binding affinity to D-glucose or D-mannose residues, on mice behavior. Methods: Mice (n=6/group) were treated (i.p.) with DAL (0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) or vehicle and subjected to several tests (open field/OFT, marble-burying/MBT, hole-board/HBT, elevated plus maze/PMT, tail suspension/ TST, forced swimming/FST or rotarod/RRT). Pizotifen, cyproheptadine, flumazenil, L-NAME, 7-NI, Larginine or yohimbine were administered 15 min before DAL (0.5 mg/kg) and the animals were evaluated on PMT. It was also verified whether the DAL effect depended on its structural integrity and ability to interact with carbohydrates. Results: The results showed there were no neurobehavioral changes in the mice at the RRT, FST and locomotion in the OFT. DAL (0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg) increased the behavior of grooming and rearing in the OFT, head dips in the HBT, pedalling in the TST and decreased the number of marbles hidden in the MBT. In the PMT, DAL (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and Diazepam increased the frequency of entries in the open arms and the time of permanence in the open arms without affecting the locomotor activity. The effect of DAL was dependent on carbohydrate interaction and protein structure integrity and it prevented by pizotifen, cyproheptadine, flumazenil, L-NAME and 7-NI, but not by L-arginine or yohimbine. Conclusion: DAL was found to have an anxiolytic-like effect mediated by the 5-HT and GABAergic receptors and NO pathway.

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Involvement of 5-HT1AReceptors in the Anxiolytic-Like Effects of Quercitrin and Evidence of the Involvement of the Monoaminergic System

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/6530364 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jian Li ◽

Qian-tong Liu ◽

Yi Chen ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Jin-li Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Control Group ◽

Repeated Treatment ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Way 100635 ◽

Marble Burying ◽

Monoaminergic System ◽

Light Dark Box

Quercitrin is a well-known flavonoid that is contained in Flos Albiziae, which has been used for the treatment of anxiety. The present study investigated the anxiolytic-like effects of quercitrin in experimental models of anxiety. Compared with the control group, repeated treatment with quercitrin (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for seven days significantly increased the percentage of entries into and time spent on the open arms of the elevated plus maze. In the light/dark box test, quercitrin exerted an anxiolytic-like effect at 5 and 10 mg/kg. In the marble-burying test, quercitrin (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) also exerted an anxiolytic-like effect. Furthermore, quercitrin did not affect spontaneous locomotor activity. The anxiolytic-like effects of quercitrin in the elevated plus maze and light/dark box test were blocked by the serotonin-1A (5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A)) receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) but not by theγ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist flumazenil (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). The levels of brain monoamines (5-HT and dopamine) and their metabolites (5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid) were decreased after quercitrin treatment. These data suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of quercitrin might be mediated by 5-HT1Areceptors but not by benzodiazepine site of GABAAreceptors. The results of the neurochemical studies suggest that these effects are mediated by modulation of the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters.

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Neuropharmacological Activity of Various Fractions Obtained from Solanum aethiopicum (Linn.) Fruit in Mice.

Journal of Basic and Social Pharmacy Research ◽

10.52968/27459575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 12-23

Author(s):

A.R. Abubakar ◽

◽

I.H. Sani ◽

S. Malami ◽

A.H. Yaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Solanum Aethiopicum ◽

Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽

Board Test ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Hole Board ◽

Hole Board Test

Background: Solanum aethiopicum (L.), family Solanaceae, is known as garden eggs. The fruit is used in the treatment of insomnia, diabetes and constipation. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiolytic-like activity of fractions obtained from crude methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum fruit. Method: Acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the OECD guidelines 420 via oral and intraperitoneal routes (ip). n-Hexane (HF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl-acetate (EAF), n-butanol (BF) and residual aqueous fraction (RAF) at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg ip were experimented using the open field, elevated plus maze, staircase, light dark box and hole-board tests. Results: Results: In open field test, there was statistically significant increase in frequency of central square entry by EAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg all at p<0.05 compared to distilled water (D/W) group. Elevated plus maze test showed statistically significant increases in open arm entry and duration by CHF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/kg again at p<0.05. Also, in the staircase test, statistically significant decrease in frequency of rearing with no effect on step climbing was observed by RAF 25mg/kg (p< 0.05) compared to D/W. Light and dark box test produced increased light box entry and duration by EAF 25mg/kg, RAF 25mg/kg and 50mg/ kg at p<0.05. Furthermore, the hole -board test showed statistically significant increases in number of head dips by EAF 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg as well as RAF 25mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 100 mg/kg at p<0.05. Conclusion: The fractions obtained from Solanum aethiopicum fruits possesses anxiolytic-like activity.

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Synergistic Action of Sodium Selenite with some Antidepressants and Diazepam in Mice

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics10040270 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Ewa Kędzierska ◽

Lila Dąbkowska ◽

Paweł Obierzyński ◽

Magdalena Polakowska ◽

Ewa Poleszak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Sodium Selenite ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Synergistic Action ◽

Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽

Maze Test ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Immobility Time ◽

Combined Administration ◽

Antidepressant Action

Background: The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of selenium (Se) have been proven in many studies. This work was aimed at confirming these activities of its inorganic form—sodium selenite—and examining the possible synergy of action with antidepressants and diazepam. Methods: The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activity of Se was assessed using forced swim tests (FSTs) and elevated plus-maze test (EPMs). Spontaneous locomotor activity was measured using photoresistor actimeters. The experiments were conducted on male Albino Swiss mice. Results: Sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in the FSTs and extended time spent in the open arms of EPMs without affecting locomotor activity The combined administration of Se at an ineffective dose (0.25 mg/kg) together with imipramine (15 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), tianeptine (10 mg/kg), but not with reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg), resulted in a reduction of immobility time in FSTs, and with a threshold dose of diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) led to the prolongation of time spent in the open arms of the EPM. Moreover, the antidepressant-like effect of Se (0.5 mg/kg) was significantly reduced by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (100 mg/kg). Conclusions: The results may indicate the participation of serotonergic transmission to antidepressant action of Se and GABA-ergic transmission to its anxiolytic effects.

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Mice carrying paternal knockout of imprinted Grb10 do not show compulsive behaviours

10.1101/2020.04.03.016014 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kira DA Rienecker ◽

Alexander T Chavasse ◽

Kim Moorwood ◽

Andrew Ward ◽

Trevor Humby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Taking ◽

Social Behaviour ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Imprinted Genes ◽

Wild Type ◽

Wild Type Littermate ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Marble Burying ◽

Compulsive Behaviour

ABSTRACTMice lacking paternal expression of imprinted Grb10 show a number of social behaviour deficits, including an enhanced allogrooming phenotype. However, this could also index compulsive behaviour, and the increased whisker barbering seen in Grb10+/p mice has been suggested to be indicative of a trichotillomania-type behaviour. Here we test whether compulsive behaviour is a more general phenotype in Grb10+/p mice by examining marble burying at three different adult ages (2, 6 and 10 months). We also examined the mice for potentially confounding anxiety phenotypes using the elevated plus maze (EPM). Grb10+/p mice showed no difference from wild-type littermate controls on any measure in the marble burying test at any age. There was no difference in standard anxiety measures either, although Grb10+/p mice displayed more risk-taking behaviours on the EPM than wild-type mice. These data suggest that Grb10+/p mice are not generally more compulsive, and that the enhanced allogrooming is probably indicative of altered social behaviour. Furthermore, the altered behaviours seen on the EPM adds to other published findings suggesting that Grb10, and imprinted genes more generally, have a role in mediating risk-taking behaviour.

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Evaluation of anxiolytic and hypoglycemic potential of Cissus adnata Roxb. in animal model

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2018-0130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Shamim Hasan ◽

Md. Giash Uddin ◽

Mohammed Shoibe ◽

Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽

Sujan Banik

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Anxiolytic Effect ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Mice Model ◽

Board Test ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Hole Board ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Hole Board Test

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to evaluate the anxiolytic and hypoglycemic potential of methanolic extract of Cissus adnata Roxb. is a crucial medicinal plant used in many disorders belongs to Vitaceae family.MethodsElevated plus maze (EPM) test and hole board test was applied for the anxiolytic activity with the Swiss albino mice. The hypoglycemic activity was measured by the glucose tolerance test in mice model. The capacity to produce the desired effect of the plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) was compared with the anxiolytic drug of standard diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) and anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide (10 mg/kg i.p.), respectively.ResultsThe phytochemical screening of Cissus adnata extract exposed the presence of carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, saponins, cardiac glycoside, tannin, and gum. The anxiolytic effect was detected in both experiments which significantly raised the number of head dips and the time spent in the open arm of the EPM (p<0.05) as the dose enlarged. Hypoglycemic study of the extracts shows better effect by reducing blood glucose level.ConclusionsThe better anxiolytic and hypoglycemic activities in the present study are due to the existence of various phytochemical constituents like saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, and tannins in this methanolic extract.

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SHODHANA DECREASES NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.13989 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

Pratap Kumar Sahu ◽

Mishra Sk ◽

Rout K ◽

Prusty Sk

Keyword(s):

Radial Maze ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Nootropic Activity ◽

Alternation Behavior ◽

Spontaneous Alternation Behavior ◽

Semecarpus Anacardium ◽

Y Maze ◽

Plus Maze

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the nootropic activity of methanolic extract of pre-shodhit and shodhit Semecarpus anacardium (SA) nuts and to observe the effect of shodhana on nootropic activity of SA. Methods: Spatial learning and working memory was considered for evaluation. The parameters used were spontaneous alternation behavior (Y-maze), number of correct responses (radial maze), and transfer latency in day 1 (elevated plus maze). Scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug, was used to induce cognitive deficit. % inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was measured in vitro. Results: Both pre-shodhit and shodhit drug reversed the scopolamine-induced a decrease in percentage spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze and number of correct responses in radial maze. Scopolamine-induced increase in transfer latency in elevated plus maze was significantly decreased by pre-shodhit drug only. Shodhit drug has no significant effect on transfer latency. Both pre-shodhit and shodhit drug showed dose-dependent inhibition of AChE activity in vitro. Pre-shodhit drug showed a more nootropic activity than shodhit drug. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of the nuts of S. anacardium possesses nootropic activity which may be attributed to inhibition of cholinesterase activity. Shodhana of the nuts decreases nootropic activity. Keywords: Semecarpus anacardium, Acetylcholine esterase, Shodhana, Nootropic.

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Effects of repeated asenapine in a battery of tests for anxiety-like behaviours in mice

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1017/neu.2015.53 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 85-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hila M Ene ◽

Nirit Z Kara ◽

Noa Barak ◽

Tal Reshef Ben-Mordechai ◽

Haim Einat

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Atypical Antipsychotic ◽

Antipsychotic Drugs ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Open Field Test ◽

Serotonergic Receptors ◽

Serotonin System ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Marble Burying ◽

Behavioural Tests

ObjectiveA number of atypical antipsychotic drugs were demonstrated to have anxiolytic effects in patients and in animal models. These effects were mostly suggested to be the consequence of the drugs’ affinity to the serotonin system and its receptors. Asenapine is a relatively new atypical antipsychotic that is prescribed for schizophrenia and for bipolar mania. Asenapine has a broad pharmacological profile with significant effects on serotonergic receptors, hence it is reasonable to expect that asenapine may have some anxiolytic effects. The present study was therefore designed to examine possible effects of asenapine on anxiety-like behaviour of mice.MethodMale ICR mice were repeatedly treated with 0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg injections of asenapine and then tested in a battery of behavioural tests related to anxiety including the open-field test, elevated plus-maze (EPM), defensive marble burying and hyponeophagia tests. In an adjunct experiment, we tested the effects of acute diazepam in the same test battery.ResultsThe results show that diazepam reduced anxiety-like behaviour in the EPM, the defensive marble burying test and the hyponeophagia test but not in the open field. Asenapine has anxiolytic-like effects in the EPM and the defensive marble burying tests but had no effects in the open-field or the hyponeophagia tests. Asenapine had no effects on locomotor activity.ConclusionThe results suggest that asenapine may have anxiolytic-like properties and recommends that clinical trials examining such effects should be performed.

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Study of oral aniracetam in C57BL/6J mice without pre-existing cognitive impairments

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.11023.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1452

Author(s):

Conner D. Reynolds ◽

Taylor S. Jefferson ◽

Meagan Volquardsen ◽

Ashvini Pandian ◽

Gregory D. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Therapeutic Benefit ◽

Novel Object Recognition ◽

Novel Object ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Marble Burying ◽

Enhanced Learning

Background: The piracetam analog, aniracetam, has recently received attention for its cognition enhancing potential, with minimal reported side effects. Previous studies report the drug to be effective in both human and non-human models with pre-existing cognitive dysfunction, but few studies have evaluated its efficacy in healthy subjects. A previous study performed in our laboratory found no cognitive enhancing effects of oral aniracetam administration 1-hour prior to behavioral testing in naïve C57BL/6J mice. Methods: The current study aims to further evaluate this drug by administration of aniracetam 30 minutes prior to testing in order to optimize any cognitive enhancing effects. In this study, all naïve C57BL/6J mice were tested in tasks of delayed fear conditioning, novel object recognition, rotarod, open field, elevated plus maze, and marble burying. Results: Across all tasks, animals in the treatment group failed to show enhanced learning when compared to controls. Conclusions: These results provide further evidence suggesting that aniracetam conveys no therapeutic benefit to subjects without pre-existing cognitive dysfunction.

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