Firewood consumption and extraction from community forests in East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya: Its impact on woody species diversity and population structure

Firewood serves as the principal source of energy for cooking and heating, for many rural communities, but the impact of firewood extraction on the forest is often undermined. The present study was undertaken to assess the firewood consumption pattern by households living near community forests of East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya and the impact of such activity on species diversity and population structure on such forests. Data on firewood consumption and preferred firewood species, and impacts of firewood harvesting on species diversity and population structure were collected through household surveys and phytosociological studies respectively. The surveyed households showed high dependency on firewood and the consumption pattern varies with the family size. The preferred firewood species are those of hardwood trees such as Quercus spp., Lithocarpus spp., Castanopsis spp. and Myrica spp. Firewood extraction have negative impact on forests, resulting in decrease in species diversity and population of the preferred firewood species. Statistical analysis revealed that species richness and diversity and density differ significantly in protected and unprotected forests. Despite low per capita consumption of firewood and precautionary measures like regulated harvesting in the study area, firewood harvesting cannot be ignored as an important cause of forest degradation and biodiversity loss. More research into local ecological and cultural contexts and perceptions concerning costs and benefits can help devise sustainable management options, including alternative sources of fuel.

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Peat Swamp Forest Degradation: Impacts, Affected Communities and Losses

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186803007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

Nur Arifatul Ulya ◽

Efendi Agus Waluyo ◽

Sri Lestari ◽

Bambang Tejo Premonoi

Keyword(s):

Cost Of Illness ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Swamp Forest ◽

Peat Swamp Forest ◽

Peat Swamp ◽

The Impact ◽

Depth Interviews

Degradation of peat swamp forest have locally, regionally and regionally impact. This paper presents the impact of peat swamp forest degradation with a focus on the study of communities around peat swamp forest. In-depth interviews were used as a method to identify communities affected by peat swamp forest degradation. Cost of illness, the change of productivity is used as an approach to predict community losses as a result of peat swamp forest degradation. The results of the study show that peat swamp forest degradation has an impact on forest, provincial and regional communities. Peat swamp forest degradation causes a decrease in environmental quality, productivity and various health impacts on communities around the forest. Various economic sectors such as transportation, transportation, trade, tourism, health and education have a negative impact from forest and land fires as a result of peat swamp forest degradation.

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The influence of invasive Fallopia taxa on resident plant species in two river valleys (southern Poland)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2015.008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 23-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Damian Chmura ◽

Barbara Tokarska-Guzik ◽

Teresa Nowak ◽

Gabriela Woźniak ◽

Katarzyna Bzdęga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Resident Species ◽

Fallopia Japonica ◽

Southern Poland ◽

River Valleys ◽

The Impact

Riparian zones in two rivers in southern Poland were studied in terms of species composition and soil parameters in patches dominated by three knotweed taxa (Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis and the hybrid F. ×bohemica). The main purpose was to detect any differences in species diversity, environmental conditions and in the impact of the three Fallopia spp. on resident species. Fieldwork was conducted in spring and summer in 30 invaded plots (in total 90 subplots). It was demonstrated that vegetation dominated by particular knotweed taxa differed in response to soil pH and ammonium, nitrate, and magnesium content. Fallopia spp. (living plants and necromass) had a stronger negative impact on the cover and species diversity of the resident species in summer in comparison with spring. Vegetation patches differed significantly in species composition in relation to the knotweed taxa present. These differences may be the consequence of the differentiated biotopic requirements of Fallopia taxa and the coexisting plants, or to the different impact of the knotweed taxa on the resident species.

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The impact of the Greek crisis on the consumers’ behaviour: some initial evidences?

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-11-2012-0279 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 116 (6) ◽

pp. 890-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Marie-Noelle Duquenne ◽

George Vlontzos

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Economic Crisis ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes on food consumption patterns of households, due to the ongoing economic crisis in Greece. Design/methodology/approach – A sample survey among a random sample of 932 households living in the region of Thessaly, central Greece, was carried out, with the consuming behaviour to be focused on 20 basic food products. An exploratory factor analysis, followed by a hierarchical classification of the households, was implemented. Findings – Six patterns of food consumption's behaviour have been detected, revealing that most of the households have modified their eating habits, by reducing the quantities consumed and/or looking for less expensive brands. Only 15 per cent of the households do not seem to be affected by the crisis and the austerity policy. The spatial dimension of the research signify that low-income households in urban areas, where the majority of the population lives, are deeply affected by the crisis, with these percentages to be even higher at semi-urban and rural areas. Originality/value – This is the first attempt of assessment of the impact of the economic crisis in Greece on food consumption pattern, verifying its significant negative impact on an inelastic need, such food consumption is.

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Fuelwood harvest, management and regeneration of two community forests in Central Nepal

Himalayan Journal of Sciences ◽

10.3126/hjs.v3i5.465 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bharat Babu Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Species Diversity ◽

Size Class ◽

Class Diagram ◽

Community Forests ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Sal Forest ◽

Schima Wallichii ◽

The Impact

From July to December 2003 we studied the impact of forest resource use and management practices on community structure and regeneration of locally managed Shorea robusta (sal) forest in the mid-hills of central Nepal. We carried out a household survey in two villages (Namjung village of Gorkha and Khari village of Dhading district), and studied the community structure and regeneration of important multipurpose tree species (Shorea robusta Gaertn. and Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth.) in community forests. Dependency on forests has been decreasing due to limited access to resources, decrease in cattle number and the cultivation of more fuelwood and fodder trees in non-forested land. Nonetheless, forests remain the major source of fuelwood, supplying 63% of the total. Alternative energy sources (biogas and solar cell) were not significant at the time of our study. S. robusta was the dominant tree in both forests, with high relative density (74%) in Namjung forest (NF) and 50% in Khari forest (KF); its importance value index (IVI) was 171 in NF and 152 in KF. Tree density of sal in NF was the highest (909 tree ha–1) among the reported values in references for the same species. Both forests had comparatively low species diversity (1.09 in NF and 1.30 in KF); local management appears to contribute to reduced diversity. Regeneration of sal was sustainable and fairly high, with a typical reverse-J-shaped size class diagram (in NF), a good predictor of mono-dominant sal forest. Regeneration of S. wallichii was unsustainable in both forests. Key words: Schima wallichii, Shorea robusta, size class diagram, species diversity Himalayan Journal of Sciences 3(5) 2005 p. 75-80

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Electronic Waste, an Environmental Problem Exported to Developing Countries: The GOOD, the BAD and the UGLY

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5302

Author(s):

Samuel Abalansa ◽

Badr El Mahrad ◽

John Icely ◽

Alice Newton

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Environmental Problem ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Electronic Waste ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Management Options ◽

Wide Range ◽

Laws And Policies ◽

The Impact

Electronic waste (e-waste) is a rapidly developing environmental problem particularly for the most developed countries. There are technological solutions for processing it, but these are costly, and the cheaper option for most developed countries has been to export most of the waste to less developed countries. There are various laws and policies for regulating the processing of e-waste at different governance scales such as the international Basel Convention, the regional Bamoko Convention, and various national laws. However, many of the regulations are not fully implemented and there is substantial financial pressure to maintain the jobs created for processing e-waste. Mexico, Brazil, Ghana Nigeria, India, and China have been selected for a more detailed study of the transboundary movements of e-waste. This includes a systematic review of existing literature, the application of the Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, Response (DPSIR) framework for analysing complex problems associated with social ecological systems, and the application of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for evaluating the environmental impact of electronic devices from their manufacture through to their final disposal. Japan, Italy, Switzerland, and Norway have been selected for the LCA to show how e-waste is diverted to developing countries, as there is not sufficient data available for the assessment from the selected developing countries. GOOD, BAD and UGLY outcomes have been identified from this study: the GOOD is the creation of jobs and the use of e-waste as a source of raw materials; the BAD is the exacerbation of the already poor environmental conditions in developing countries; the UGLY is the negative impact on the health of workers processing e-waste due to a wide range of toxic components in this waste. There are a number of management options that are available to reduce the impact of the BAD and the UGLY, such as adopting the concept of a circular economy, urban mining, reducing loopholes and improving existing policies and regulations, as well as reducing the disparity in income between the top and bottom of the management hierarchy for e-waste disposal. The overarching message is a request for developed countries to help developing countries in the fight against e-waste, rather than exporting their environmental problems to these poorer regions.

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Community Managed Forest Groups and Preferences for REDD+ Contract Attributes: A Choice Experiment Survey of Communities in Nepal

Journal of Forest and Livelihood ◽

10.3126/jfl.v13i1.15362 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 9-19

Author(s):

Sahan T.M. Dissanayake ◽

Prakash Jha ◽

Bhim Adhikari ◽

Rajesh Bista ◽

Randall Bluffstone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Institutional Structure ◽

Institutional Arrangements ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Managed Forest ◽

Community Forests ◽

Contract Attributes

A significant portion of the world’s forests that are eligible for Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) payments are community managed forests. At the same time, there is a little knowledge in the existing literature about the preferences of households in the communities with community managed forests for REDD+ contracts.We use a choice experiment survey of rural communities in Nepal to understand the respondent’s preferences towards the institutional structure of REDD+ contracts. We split our sample across the communities with community managed forests groups and those without to see how the prior involvement in community managed forest groups’ impact preferences. Results show that respondents care about how the payments are divided between the households and the communities, the restrictions on firewood use, the restrictions on grazing and the level of payments. Finally we use a series of demographic interactions terms to analyze how the institutional arrangements and beliefs about climate change and benefits from the REDD+ program influence respondents’ beliefs. We find that there are no significant differences in the preferences for the REDD+ contract attributes between the Community Forests (CF) and non-CF respondent groups but we find that respondent groups differ in their beliefs about REDD+ payments and the institutional arrangements.Journal of Forest and Livelihood 13(1) May, 2015, Page : 8-19

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DAMPAK INDUSTRI PT. GLOBAL COCONUT TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DI DESA RADEY, KECAMATAN TENGA, KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI ◽

10.35791/agrsosek.13.1.2017.14933 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Andreas ., Rasu ◽

Noortje Marsellanie Benu ◽

Elsje Pauline Manginsela

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Before And After ◽

Foul Odor ◽

The Impact ◽

The Village

The purpose of this study to determine the impact of the presence of Coconut Flour Industry (PT. Global Coconut) to the community in the Radey Village. This research was carried out on members of the village community Radey as respondents. Total respondents 32 people consisting of workers in the industry (25 persons), who did not work in the industry that ordinary members of community (5 persons) and community leaders (2 persons). The study lasted for 3 months from September to November 2016. The sample selection using snowballing method. Types of data collected in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained by direct interview to the respondents. Secondary data is obtained from the Village Office. The data collected concerning Identity Respondents, namely: (1) Name of Respondent, (2) age, expressed in units of years, (3) Level of education, measured by educational level already attained (elementary, junior high, high school, diploma, and University). Data regarding positive or negative impact of the presence of Industry on the community in the village of Radey regarding: (1) Income received before and after working in the company, (2) employment opportunities, (3) business opportunities. The analytical method used in this research is descriptive analysis method qualitative and quantitative modest presented in tabular form. The results of this research showed that the presence of PT Global Agro-Industry Plant in the Radey Village has gave positive and negative impacts for rural communities in the form of increases in income, employment and business opportunity, the new procurement of agricultural roads better and their support for the national celebration activities in the village. The negative impact of such a foul odor had happened only when the management of the rest of the selection in the form of broken coconut and waste production is not done well.Keywords: impact, agro-industry, community, village Radey, South Minahasa District

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Cultural Lineage Constraints to Public Housing Affordability in Papua New Guinea

Sustainability in Environment ◽

10.22158/se.v4n1p56 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

James Seniela ◽

Jacob Adejare Babarinde ◽

Suman Steven Holis

Keyword(s):

Public Housing ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Negative Impact ◽

New Guinea ◽

Housing Affordability ◽

High Dependency ◽

Two Cities ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

Port Moresby ◽

The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of cultural lineage (wantokism) in Papua New Guinea on public housing affordability and sustainability in the country, using the two largest cities of Port Moresby and Lae as case studies in a country that has maintained strong cultural bonds of families, clans and tribes for centuries to support each other in the Melanesian way. In principle, public housing units are subsidised by government and other public institutions to cushion the harsh effects of inflation and property market externalities on low- and middle-income civil servants who can hardly afford market rentals. However, other factors such as cultural lineage (wantokism) tend to wipe off the intended benefits of the so-called subsidy. A study of eight (four from each city) randomly selected public housing areas in the two cities of Port Moresby and Lae was carried out in 2016witha representative, stratified random sample of 157 sitting tenants. The stratification of the population was based on low, medium and high income groups using the country’s public servants’ performance salary scale 2012-2013, which is a secondary database. Data collection instruments were structured questionnaires, formal and informal interviews combined with simultaneous field observations through transact walk. Based on a theoretical framework gleaned from the General Systems Theory, findings indicate that the “cultural lineage” of the indigenous people of PNG has a significant negative impact on public housing affordability exacerbated by adverse economic factors including low income and low housing allowances paid to public housing tenants by public employers, including the government. The study also reveals that cultural lineage has a significant negative impact on the aggregate income of households due to extended family size, high incidence of family members who are not gainfully employed, high dependency rate in the extended families with expected responsibilities as guardians, marital status of many tenants with many children who attend schools, and the low educational qualifications of some tenants with daunting commitments to the lineage group. The paper makes strategic recommendations including speedy codification of PNG customs, mass empowerment, and improved economic emancipation of the general public for purposes of raising housing affordability levels in PNG in general and in the two cities of Port Moresby and Lae in particular.

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Utilizing Non-Timber Extraction of Swamp Forests over Time for Rural Livelihoods

Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.5539/jsd.v11n2p52 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisa Wildayana ◽

M. Edi Armanto

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Rural Livelihoods ◽

Forest Degradation ◽

Food Sources ◽

Land Resources ◽

Swamp Forest ◽

The Impact ◽

Over Time ◽

Timber Extraction

The research aimed to analyze utilizing non-timber extraction of swamp forests over time for rural livelihoods. This research was carried out in swamp forests of Ogan Komering Ilir (OKI) District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The data were collected by direct field observation, intensive study of archive report documents as well as in-depth interviews with the respondents. Before 2000, rural communities could be mentioned to be relatively concerned about the status of forest and land resources because they have utilized forest and land resources following customary regulations. Various types of products extracted by their priority are fuel material, food sources, medicine and pharmacy, raw materials for handicrafts, structures and other uses. After 2000, there have been significant changes in forest and land resources being used for other purposes, e.g. agroforestry, plantation, agriculture, fodder, thatching grass, woven mats (from purun), rope webbing, leaves, resins, dyes, manure and others. These activities have caused degradation of swamp forest. To minimize the impact of swamp forest degradation, the active participation involvement of the rural community and all other stakeholder components is essential to optimize swamp forest management.

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Smoking and diabetes: dangerous liaisons and confusing relationships

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-019-0482-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Campagna ◽

A. Alamo ◽

A. Di Pino ◽

C. Russo ◽

A. E. Calogero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Management Options ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Impact

Abstract The combined harmful effects of cigarette smoking and hyperglycemia can accelerate vascular damage in patients with diabetes who smoke, as is well known. Can smoking cause diabetes? What are the effects of smoking on macro and microvascular complications? Now growing evidence indicates that regular smokers are at risk of developing incident diabetes. Since the prevalence rates of smoking in patients with diabetes are relatively similar to those of the general population, it is essential to address the main modifiable risk factor of smoking to prevent the onset of diabetes and delay the development of its complications. Quitting smoking shows clear benefits in terms of reducing or slowing the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Does quitting smoking decrease the incidence of diabetes and its progression? What are the effects of quitting smoking on complications? The current evidence does not seem to unequivocally suggest a positive role for quitting in patients with diabetes. Quitting smoking has also been shown to have a negative impact on body weight, glycemic control and subsequent increased risk of new-onset diabetes. Moreover, its role on microvascular complications of the disease is unclear. What are the current smoking cessation treatments, and which ones are better for patients with diabetes? Stopping smoking may be of value for diabetes prevention and management of the disease and its macrovascular and microvascular complications. Unfortunately, achieving long-lasting abstinence is not easy and novel approaches for managing these patients are needed. This narrative review examines the evidence on the impact of smoking and smoking cessation in patients with diabetes and particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. In addition, management options and potential future directions will be discussed.

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