scholarly journals Islam in Karachay-Cherkessia Region During the Soviet Period

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
N. V. Kratova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Sound Policy ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Based on a wide range of sources, this article shows the development of Islam on the territory of Karachay- Cherkessia during the Soviet period. In the fi rst years of Soviet power, the declared atheism did not prevent the Bolsheviks from using the religious factor to attract the sympathy of the population. The commonality of Islam and Bolshevism in relation to social equality and justice was declared, and the system of Shari‘a legal proceedings was preserved for some time. As their positions were strengthened, the Bolsheviks no longer needed allies, the religious infrastructure was destroyed, and the clergy, including the Islamic ones, were repressed. However, in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War, when the need arose for the formation of patriotic sentiments, religion again took its, albeit limited, place in public life. The sound policy pursued by the regional authorities with regard to Islam in the 1980s made it possible to successfully resist the onslaught of religious extremism that hit the country in the post- Soviet period and build a religious infrastructure practically from scratch.

Границы советского традиционализма (из опыта русского народа в XX веке). Этнологическое исследование

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Олег Кириченко ◽  
◽  
Наталья Шляхтина ◽  
Татьяна Листова ◽  
Светлана Крюкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Научное исследование советского традиционализма – тема достаточно новая, но перспективная, поскольку в ней затрагивается целый ряд вопросов, позволяющих приблизиться к пониманию причин возвращения сегодня в общественную жизнь советских реалий, от которых, казалось бы, страна отказалась в 1990-е годы. Авторы монографии обращаются к разным пластам этнической, правовой, религиозной, бытовой и социальной жизни русского народа, делают экскурсы в дореволюционную Россию, прослеживают идейные пути традиционализма, получившего советскую прививку, в постсоветское время. Книга рассчитана не только на специалистов, но и на широкий круг читателей The scientific study of Soviet traditionalism is a fairly new topic, but promising, since it touches on a number of issues that make it possible to get closer to understanding the reasons for the return of Soviet realities to public life today, which, it would seem, the country abandoned in the 1990s. The authors of the monograph turn to different layers of the ethnic, legal, religious, everyday and social life of the Russian people, make excursions into pre-revolutionary Russia, trace the ideological paths of traditionalism, which received a Soviet inoculation, in the post-Soviet period. The book is intended not only for specialists, but also for a wide range of readers.

ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЯ МОНОГРАФИИ: ГРАНИЦЫ СОВЕТСКОГО ТРАДИЦИОНАЛИЗМА (ИЗ ОПЫТА РУССКОГО НАРОДА В XX ВЕКЕ). ЭТНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ / О. В. КИРИЧЕНКО, Т. А. ЛИСТОВА, С. С. КРЮКОВА, Т. А. ВОРОНИНА, Н. В. ШЛЯХТИНА; ОТВ. РЕД. И СОСТ. О. В. КИРИЧЕНКО. – СПб.: АЛЕТЕЙЯ, 2021. – 688 С.: ИЛ.

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-136
Author(s):  
Олег Викторович Кириченко
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Научное исследование советского традиционализма - тема достаточно новая, но перспективная, поскольку в ней затрагивается целый ряд вопросов, позволяющих приблизиться к пониманию причин возвращения сегодня в общественную жизнь советских реалий, от которых, казалось бы, страна отказалась в 1990-е годы. Авторы монографии обращаются к разным пластам этнической, правовой, религиозной, бытовой и социальной жизни русского народа, делают экскурсы в дореволюционную Россию, прослеживают идейные пути традиционализма, получившего советскую прививку, в постсоветское время. Книга рассчитана не только на специалистов, но и на широкий круг читателей. The scientific study of Soviet traditionalism is a fairly new topic, but promising, since it touches on a number of issues that make it possible to get closer to understanding the reasons for the return of Soviet realities to public life today, which, it would seem, the country abandoned in the 1990s. The authors of the monograph turn to different layers of the ethnic, legal, religious, everyday and social life of the Russian people, make excursions into pre-revolutionary Russia, trace the ideological paths of traditionalism, which received a Soviet inoculation, in the post-Soviet period. The book is intended not only for specialists, but also for a wide range of readers.

Review of Studies of Dagestan Arabic-Language Sources of the Post-Soviet Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ramazan S. Abdulmazhidov
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Materials in the Arabic language, mainly concentrated in Dagestan, occupy the most important place among the sources on the history of the North Caucasus. Its research has started since the 19th century. The academic study of these sources continued with the establishment of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts in 1963 in Makhachkala at the Institute of Language, History and Literature of Dagestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In the post-Soviet period, Russian orientalists drew attention to a number of still insufficiently studied Arabic-language sources. The research work revealed more new sources that significantly changed established ideas about social, legal and military-political history of Dagestan. Extensive study and translations of several historical chronicles, a wide range of various sources from the period of the Caucasian War were introduced into scientific circulation. Systematic work is underway to study the epistolary sources kept both in the Fund of Oriental Manuscripts of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Makhachkala (it includes now thousands of manuscripts and documents) and in numerous private manuscript collections. Studies of Arabic-language written monuments often remain out of sight not only for a wide range of readers, but also for the historians who specialize on the history of the Caucasus. This article devoted to their review and analysis is intended to fill this gap; it summarizes a certain result of enduring research work directed to the study of these manuscripts, carried out in the post-Soviet period.

scholarly journals HUNGARIANS OF TRANSCARPATHIA IN RELATIONS BETWEEN UKRAINE AND HUNGARY AT THE TURN OF THE XX-XXI CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-327
Author(s):  
Efim Iosifovich Pivovar ◽  
Alexander Stanislavovich Levchenkov ◽  
Alexander Vladimirovich Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is devoted to the influence of the problem of the status and situation of the Hungarian population of the Transcarpathian region of modern Ukraine on the Ukrainian-Hungarian relations. Based on a wide range of sources - legislative acts, interstate agreements and other diplomatic documents, statements of politicians and public figures, published in the Hungarian and Ukrainian press, as well as in the media of other countries, the dynamics of changes in the approaches of the two countries to the Hungarian issue in Transcarpathia throughout the post-Soviet period is studied. The prerequisites and reasons for the aggravation of relations between Ukraine and Hungary in the 2010s are determined, including both the features of the historical, cultural and socio-economic development of Transcarpathia itself, and the transformation of the political systems of the two countries. The key factors that provoked the acute Ukrainian-Hungarian crisis in the mid-second half of the 2010s were the educational and language policy of Kiev, aimed at Ukrainization, as well as the refusal to make concessions on the autonomy of the Hungarians of Transcarpathia. At the same time, the issue of Transcarpathian Hungarians is only part of a larger problem of Ukrainian domestic and foreign policy - an attempt to form an ethnocentric model in a multicultural society.

scholarly journals MODERN OSSETIAN POETRY: AFTER-LIFE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. МАМИЕВА ◽  
I.V. MAMIEVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Semantic Hierarchy ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Literary Environment ◽  
Post Soviet Period

В статье представлен обзор осетинской поэзии перестроечных лет (1985-1991 гг.) и постсоветского периода (1992-2000-е гг.). В ней в общих чертах воспроизводится специ- фичность состояния художественного сознания осетин в границах вышеозначенных хро- нологических срезов. Делается попытка на фоне радикальных политико-экономических преобразований, духовно-ценностных сдвигов в обществе проследить эстетико-смысло- вую иерархию поэзии указанных лет, обрисовать неоднозначную атмосферу идеологиче- ских размежеваний в литературной среде. Наряду с проблемно-тематическими приори- тетами и узловыми тенденциями творчества уже состоявшихся мастеров слова особое внимание уделяется пространству поэтического мира, формируемого новой генерацией стихотворцев. Не претендуя на исчерпывающую полноту, автор показывает абрисы поэтов, чьи творческие дебюты в основном пришлись на постперестроечное время, а потому несут в себе элементы несколько иного восприятия жизни и своего места в ней, демонстрируют свою логику «притяжения-отталкивания» при соприкосновении с нацио- нальной традицией и с опытом мировых духовно-ментальных практик. Статья предна- значена для специалистов по осетинской филологии, а также широкого круга читателей, интересующихся поэтической картой Осетии. The article presents an overview of the Ossetian poetry of the years of Perestroika (1985-1991) and the post-Soviet period (1992-2000-s). Generally it reproduces the specificity of the state of the artistic consciousness of the Ossetians within the borders of the aforesaid chronological layers. An attempt is made to trace the aesthetic and the semantic hierarchy of the poetry of these years, to describe the ambiguous atmosphere of ideological divisions in the literary environment within the context of radical political and economic transformation, spiritual and value shifts in society. Along with the topical priorities and key trends of the creativity of the acknowledged poets due attention is paid to the space of the poetic world, shaped by a new generation of poets. The author shows the outlines of the poets whose creative debut mostly occurred in the post-perestroika period, and therefore thee contain the elements of a different perception of life and their own place in it, demonstrate the logic of «attraction-repulsion» in contact with the national tradition and experience of the world spiritual and mental practices. This article is intended for specialists in the Ossetian language studies, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the poetic map of Ossetia.

scholarly journals Fundamental Guide on Libraries during the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-609
Author(s):  
Yury A. Grikhanov
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Press ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article analyses the new book by the library scientist A.M. Mazuritsky, Doctor of pedagogical Sciences, who for many years has been studying the complex history of the genocide in relation to the culture of the peoples of our country, the policy of Nazi Germany on destruction and theft of book collections of Soviet libraries, as well as the ways of their salvation in the occupied territories. There is highlighted data on book losses in Russia obtained from state archives and publications in the press during the Great Patriotic War. The article presents A.M. Mazuritsky’s conclusions on the loss of powerful network of mass libraries in the USSR, the search for collections stolen by the Nazis and the restoration of the library system at the end of the war. In the final section of the book the author outlines the problems of restitution of book collections in the post-Soviet period.

scholarly journals Family entrepreneurship in the countryside: Some details of the portrait

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-799
Author(s):  
O B Bozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Interim Result ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Village ◽  
Family Entrepreneurship ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is an interim result of many years of studies focused on the wide range of issues related to the development of farmers’ movement, to the interaction of contemporary rural entrepreneurs with government, rural population and colleagues in production activities. This project (field expeditions of 2018-2019) aims at assessing the challenges and prospects of the two key social institutions of the Russian village - local authorities and entrepreneurs - in terms of the dominant scenarios of their interaction and their role in stabilizing the situation in rural areas. This two-year field studies repeat the expeditions of a decade ago combining quantitative and qualitative approaches in the study of specific cases - settlements that represent the features of the Non-Black Earth regions of Russia. The author focuses on the issue actually ignored by researchers of agricultural problems - family entrepreneurship in the countryside. In the introduction, the author provides a brief overview of the specifics of the rural lifestyle in pre-revolutionary Russia. The first part of the article considers social-economic processes in the countryside during the Soviet period, which laid the foundation for the problems that determined the paths of the post-Soviet rural development. The second part of the article presents the features of the post-Soviet period in the life of the village, mainly based on the data of field expeditions to the Russian Non-Black Earth regions in 2004-2008. And, finally, the third part of the article summarizes the author’s first impressions and some results of the 2019 field expeditions and identifies permanent challenges for rural entrepreneurs. For instance, in almost every rural area of the Russian Non-Black Earth regions, one can meet farmers who strive to create a family business but are forced to take numerous tricks to achieve their goal, as if proving M. Certeau theory of resistance of the “weak” to the “strong”.

Shakespeare’s ‘Will sonnets’ in Russian

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Rassokhina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Post Soviet Period ◽  
Translated Literature

This article examines strategies implemented by Russian translators of Shakespeare’s sonnets 135 and 136 when dealing with puns on the word “will” in various senses. Seven translations spanning the period from 1880 to 2011 have been selected for analysis. These renderings of Shakespearian puns exhibit a wide range of translation strategies and various effects within the target texts. The analysis demonstrates that the majority of the selected translations reflect social taboos and censorship with regard to sexuality in Russian translated literature. However, two recent translations containing sexual allusions indicate changing norms in the post-Soviet period. Thus, translations of sexual puns may also be illustrative of the ways in which the target language’s norms influence the translators’ choices.

scholarly journals The Hermitage and Hermitage Artists in the Urals. Unknown Pages (Based on the Archive Documents)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Kantor Julia
Keyword(s):  
Republican Party ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Relationship Of

The article is devoted to the stay of the State Hermitage collections in Sverdlovsk during the Great Patriotic war. Based on the documents, the author of the article examines the events of the evacuation period, including the organization of evacuation, removal, problems with the placement of exhibits caused by the lack of necessary space for placing the most valuable exhibits, as well as the complexity of the Museum employees’ accommodation. The issue of emergency evacuation of art treasures from Leningrad before the beginning of the blockade has also been raised: curtailing expositions, packaging, routing. In the article it has been shown the participation of regional authorities in solving problems related to the storage of Museum exhibits, has payed attention to the relationship of Museum employees with Sverdlovsk residents, and the stories of mutual assistance and interaction between Sverdlovsk and Leningrad Museum workers have been examined. Also the author considers the aspects of Museum workers ' daily life, problems related to the placement of unique exhibits in Sverdlovsk, and the activities of Sverdlovsk and Republican party and state bodies that responded to the requirements of Museum employees to create the necessary storage conditions. In the article is considered the story related to the placement of the evacuated collections of the Chersonesos archaeological Museum, and it is mentioned that the Crimean artifacts became the part of the Ural branch of the Leningrad Museum. Attention is also paid to the collection of Sverdlovsk posters from the great Patriotic war that was discovered in the Hermitage in the post-Soviet period. The cycles of lectures on the Humanities organized by the Hermitage branch at the Sverdlovsk University, Pedagogical, Legal and Medical Institutes, the Industrial Institute and the Regional Art School have also been referred to in the publication. The article shows the multi-faceted scientific activity of employees of Sverdlovsk branch of the Hermitage who conducted or completed serious scientific research during the evacuation period. One of the most important events during the period when the Hermitage exhibits were in Sverdlovsk was the Exhibition "The heroic military past of the Russian people" (1943). The article is also focused on the multifaceted restoration and educational activities of the Hermitage, which became the basis for professional and personal contacts between Leningrad and Sverdlovsk residents and has continued for 75 years.

Entrepreneurship and Government Policy in Former Soviet Republics: Belarus and Estonia Compared

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Smallbone ◽  
Friederike Welter
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
Post Soviet Period

In this paper we analyse the role of government in relation to the development of entrepreneurship in countries where private business activity was illegal until the beginning of the 1990s. By focusing on Estonia and Belarus we are concerned with countries with an ostensibly similar political heritage, yet with contrasting experiences during the post-Soviet period. Various authors have argued the need for entrepreneurship research to acknowledge the heterogeneity of environmental conditions, outcomes, and behaviours that exist with respect to entrepreneurship. Government policies and actions are a key element contributing to the heterogeneity of external conditions in which entrepreneurship occurs and are thus part of social embeddedness. The findings have implications for policy makers in transition and developing countries by emphasising the variety of ways in which the state can influence the nature and pace of private business development and the central role of institutional behaviour in this process. The findings also have implications for researchers interested in extending analysis of entrepreneurship into a wide range of business environments.

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